穆雷《英汉翻译基础教程》笔记和课后习题(含考研真题)详解
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2.3 翻译示例汇总

一、英汉语言对比

1. Even if the monk can run away, his temple cannot run with him.

【译文】跑得了和尚,跑不了庙。

2. Even if I were to be beaten to death, I will not tell.

【译文】打死我也不说。

3. Modesty helps one go forward, whereas conceit makes one lag behind.

【译文】谦虚使人进步,骄傲使人落后。

4. If winter comes, can spring be far behind?

【译文】冬天来了,春天还会远吗?

5. We will not attack unless we are attacked.

【译文】人不犯我,我不犯人。

二、英汉思维对比

1. A seaman knows that the sea is all-powerful and can, under certain circumstances, destroy man and the product of his brain and hand, the ship.

【译文】水手们都知道,大海的威力是势不可挡的;在某些情况下,它能把人及人所制造的船只统统摧毁掉。(正说反译)

【解析】句中the sea is all-powerful如果用肯定说法直译“大海是最强大的”,便显得很肤浅,没有从深层理解原文,远不如上面的否定说法那样生动而能感染读者。

2. “Mine! Mine!” They would shout at the pretty rainbows that are down to the earth, seeming never very far away.

【译文】他们会冲着那从天际弯弯地挂向地面的,看来好像伸手可及的美丽彩虹大声呼喊:“哎呀!哎呀!”(反说正译)

【解析】句中never very far away若直译为“离得不太远”就很不深刻,大欠文采,远不如“伸手可及”形象鲜明。

3. He was not displeased with her honesty…it took a certain amount of experience in life, a courage, to want to do it quite that way.

【译文】他对于她的直率没有感到不快……有点生活经验又有点胆量的人才敢这么做。

【解析】无论在英语还是汉语中,双重否定的说法并不等于同意的肯定,not displeased不等于pleased,“喜欢”也不等于“没有不开心”。原文之所以不用was pleased而用not displeased,作者的意思不仅仅是在玩弄辞藻,而是要表达出“这样的直率是可能令人不快的,但他却并没有感到不快”的意思。

4. Wisdom prepares for the worst; but folly leaves the worst for the day it comes.

【译文】聪明人防患于未然,愚蠢者临渴掘井。

【解析】抽象名词wisdom,folly对于习惯于抽象思维的英美读者来说,词义明确,措辞简练;但对于习惯于具象思维的中国读者来说将这些抽象名词所表达的抽象概念具体化,才符合汉语读者的思维习惯和汉语遣词造句的行文习惯。

5. Because of the circuitous and directional flow of waterways, railways often have energy advantage over barges.

【译文】由于河道迂回曲折且水流具有方向性,铁路运输对于水运而言,常常具有节能优势。

【解析】原文的railways和barges只是一种虚化的概念,译文将两个概念落实到两种运输方式,则较为容易理解,逻辑连贯性更强。

6. The irony is that Mrs. Gandhi presides over a nation with a highly promising long-term potential but which is saddled with equally difficult current problems,

【译文】颇为耐人寻味的是,从长远的观点来看,甘地夫人掌管的国家是大有希望的,但目前却有着难以克服的困难。

【解析】通读全句,这里的irony并没有“具有讽刺意味的”含义,也不能翻译为“嘲弄人的”。

7. She was vexed by the persistent ringing of the phone.

【译文】她被没完没了的电话铃声搞得心烦意乱。

【解析】这里的persistent根据句子的意思明显带有贬义,译为“没完没了”更为妥帖。

8. All the inventors have a restless mind.

【译文】所有的发明家都有一个思想活跃的头脑。

【解析】restless字面上没有明显表露出褒义或贬义,根据原句的意思,这里应是褒义。

9. The two sides found it beneficial to have this opportunity to present to one another their views on a variety of issues.

【译文】现在有机会互相介绍彼此对各种问题的观点,对此,双方认为是有利的。

【解析】西方人喜外露,中国人喜含蓄。英语经常表态在前,叙事在后;汉语经常相反。英汉对译时,信息重心常需做前后调整。该句在翻译时将“双方认为是有利的”表达态度的短语后置,符合汉语的思维表达习惯。

10. American education owes a great debt to Thomas Jefferson.

【译文】托马斯·杰弗逊为美国的教育事业作出了巨大的贡献。

【解析】A owe... to B译为“把A归功于B”。英译汉时,B应置于主体位置,起强调作用。

11. Memoranda were prepared in advance of private meetings on matters to be discussed.

【译文】在举行个别交谈之前,我已经就所有要讨论的问题预先拟好了备忘录。

【解析】原句主语非动作发出者,而在汉语译文中增加相应主语,符合逻辑思维和表达习惯。

12. Any discourtesy shown to Chinese persons by any official of the Government will be the cause for immediate dismissal.

【译文】任何政府官员,如果对中国人有任何粗暴行为,必须立即予以开除。

【解析】该句直译为“对中国人表现出不礼貌的行为将会是任何政府官员立即被开除的理由”,这不符合中国人的表达习惯。“不礼貌行为”和“被开除”之间存在着条件和结果的关系,译文化整为零,在条件之前添加“如果”使得译文更具逻辑性。

13. The idea of a fish being able to generate electricity strong enough to light small bulbs, even to run electric motors, is almost unbelievable.

【译文】鱼能发电,其电量足以点亮小灯泡,甚至能开动马达,这种想法简直是令人难以相信的。

【解析】译文化整为零,较好地体现了汉语的重局部的思维方式。

14. The isolation of the rural world because of distance and the lack of transport facilities is compounded by the paucity of the information media.

【译文】因为距离远,交通工具缺乏,使农村社会与外界隔绝。这种隔绝,由于通讯工具的不足,而变得更加严重。

【解析】译文化整为零,较好地体现了汉语的重局部的思维方式。

15. There are several reasons why Kissinger no longer appears to be the magician the world press had made him out to be, an illusion which he failed to discourage because, as he would admit himself, he has a tendency toward megalomania.

【译文】全世界报界曾经把基辛格渲染成魔术师般的人物,他也没有阻止人们制造这种错误印象,因为正如他自己愿意承认的,他有一种自大狂的倾向。现在他不再像是这样的人物了,这有几个原因。

【解析】译文通过调整整个表达的次序,使译文读起来自然,容易理解。