2.2　课后习题详解

课内练习1　主语与主题

现在请大家通过翻译以下的简单句子掌握这一技巧。

1. I would not believe what he said.

【答案】他说的话，我可不信。

2. I did not remember a single point discussed at the meeting.

【答案】会上讲了什么，我是一点都没记住。

3. I know Mr. Wang.

【答案】王先生，我是认识的。

4. He is the best singer.

【答案】唱歌嘛，他是最棒的。

课内练习2　形和和意合

现在请大家通过翻译以下几个句子掌握英汉语言的形合与意合。

1. As the weather was fine, we decided to climb the mountain.

【答案】（由于）天气不错，我们决定去爬山。

2. My sister was expecting me, so I had to go now.

【答案】我的妹妹在等我，所以我得走了。

3. A body in motion remains in motion at a constant speed in a straight line unless acted upon by an external force.

【答案】在没有外力的作用下，运动的物体就连续做匀速直线运动。

4. We knew spring was coming as we had seen a robin.

【答案】我们看见了一只知更鸟，因而知道春天快要到了。

课内练习3　树状与竹状

现在请大家练习翻译以下两个句子，特别注意句子的主干和连接部分的翻译。

1. The moon is so far from the earth that even if huge trees were growing on the mountains and elephants were walking about, we could not see them through the most powerful telescopes which have been invented.

【答案】月球离地球如此遥远，以至于即使那边山上长着大树，大象在跑来跑去，我们用已经发明了的最高倍率的望远镜也看不到它们。

2. Upon his death in 1826, Tefferson was buried under a stone which described him as he had wished to be remembered as the author of the Declaration on Independence and the Virginia Statute for Religious Freedom and the father of the University of Virginia.

【答案】1826年，杰斐逊逝世。按其生前遗愿，在他墓地的石碑上刻着：《独立宣言》和《弗吉尼亚州信教自由法令》的作者，弗吉尼亚大学创建人之墓。

课内练习4　静态与动态

请翻译以下几条标识语。

1. Admittance Free

【答案】免票入场

2. Out of Bounds

【答案】游客止步

3. No Admittance Except on Business

【答案】闲人免进/非公莫入

4. Danger of Death—High Voltage!

【答案】高压（电），危险！

再翻译以下几个句子，看怎样变原文的“静”为译文的“动”。

5. Party officials worked long hour on meager food, in cold caves, by dim lamps.

【答案】党的干部吃着粗茶淡饭，住着寒冷的窑洞，靠着昏暗的油灯，在长时间地工作。

6. What film will be on this evening?

【答案】今晚会放映什么影片呢？

7. He walked around the house with a gun.

【答案】他拿着枪，绕着屋子走来走去。

8. A study of that letter leaves us in no doubt as to the motives behind it.

【答案】通过研究那封信，我们就毫不怀疑地认为该信是别有用心的。

9. The very first sight of her made him fall in love with her.

【答案】他对她一见钟情。

课内练习5　正反与虚实

现在请大家通过下面的练习来巩固本节所学的知识。

1. Memory, as time goes on, is a selective thing.

【答案】随着时间的推移，记忆使人忘怀了许多事物。

2. The subversion attempts proved predictably futile.

【答案】不出所料，颠覆活动果然是无功而返。

3. The guerrillas would fight to death before they surrendered.

【答案】游击队员宁死不屈。

4. We believe that the younger generation will prove worthy of our trust.

【答案】我们相信，年轻一代是不会辜负我们的信任的。

5. It was beyond his power to sign such a contact.

【答案】他无权签署这样的合同。

6. The custom-made object, now restricted to the rich, will be within everyone’s reach.

【答案】目前，只有有钱人才能享受到这种订做的产品，而将来人人都能买得起。

7. In the end things will mend.

【答案】车到山前必有路。

8. He wanted to learn, to know, to teach.

【答案】他想学习，渴望增长知识，也愿意把知识教给别人。

9. These problems are too complicated to be explained clearly in a few words.

【答案】这些问题着实复杂，三言两语说不清楚。

10. Rockets have found application for the exploration of the Universe.

【答案】火箭已应用于探索宇宙。

课内练习6　褒贬与曲直

下面请大家一起来体会以下句子的褒贬。

1. He was a man of integrity, but unfortunately he had a certain reputation. I believe the reputation was not deserved.

【答案】他是一个正直的人，但不幸背负着某种坏名声。我相信他这种坏名声是不该有的。

2. He lied to me and made me the tool of his wicked deeds.

【答案】他欺骗了我，使我成了他进行罪恶勾当的工具。

3. Those who do not remember the past are condemned to relive it.

【答案】凡是忘掉过去的人注定要重蹈覆辙。

4. The film actress appeared in all her glory at the ball.

【答案】这位女影星在舞会上真是仪态万方。

5. He is always saying the usual polite nothings.

【答案】他老是在说那些寻常的客套话。

下面请大家一起来体会以下句子的曲直。

6. With determination, with luck, and with the help from, lots of good people, I was able to rise from the ashes.

【答案】凭着决心、运气以及许多善良人们的帮助，我终于得以东山再起。

7. The Universe is not rich enough to buy the vote of an honest mail.

【答案】即使你用天下所有的财富也收买不了一个正直人的选票。

8. It seems that a very difficult decision now faces him.

【答案】他好像面临着困难的抉择。

9. Anger and bitterness covered upon me for weeks.

【答案】几周来我一直感到生气和伤心。

课内练习7　客体与主体

根据上述解释，试翻译以下几个句子，尽量符合汉语的表达习惯。

1. What has happened to you?

【答案】你怎么了？

2. An idea suddenly struck me.

【答案】我突然想到了一个主意。

3. American English owes a great deal to Noah Webster, an American lexicographer and writer.

【答案】美国词典编纂家及作家诺阿·韦伯斯特对美国英语作出了巨大的贡献。

4. Her good work and obedience have pleased her teacher.

【答案】她学业优良、性情温顺，深得老师喜欢。

课内练习8　抽象与具体

现在请大家翻译以下句子。

1. A son, a job and housekeeping forced romance out.

【答案】儿子、工作和家务把浪漫情调封杀出局了。

2. But there had been too much publicity about my case.

【答案】但我的事现在已经搞得满城风雨、人人皆知了。

3. The complexity of the human situation and the injustice of the social order demand far more fundamental changes in the basic structure of society itself than some politicians are willing to admit in their speeches.

【答案】人类社会形势的复杂性和社会制度的不公正性要求对社会基本结构进行彻底变革，而一些政客口头上是很不愿意承认这一点的。

4. With the credit card it is unnecessary to carry large amounts of cash and are always useful in emergencies.

【答案】有了信用卡，人们就无需随身携带大量现金，而且在急需用钱时非常有用。

课内练习9　整体与局部

请翻译下面的句子，注意整体与局部的关系。

1. They, not surprisingly, did not respond at all.

【答案】他们根本没有答复，这不足为奇。

2. Incidentally, I hope to get better medical treatment in these countries than I can possibly get here in the United States.

【答案】顺便提一下，我希望能在这些国家得到比我在美国这里所能得到的更好的治疗。

3. The Chinese seemed justifiably proud of their economic achievements.

【答案】中国人似乎为他们在经济上取得的成绩而感到自豪，这是合乎情理的。

4. She sat with her hands cupping her chin, staring at a corner of the kitchen.

【答案】她坐在那儿，双手托着下巴，眼睛凝视着厨房的一角。

课内练习10　分析与综合

请翻译以下的句子。

1. He had a sound feeling that idiom was the backbone of a language and he was all for the racy phrases.

【答案】他感到习语是语言的主要支柱，因此特别主张用生动的短语，他的想法是非常正确的。

2. Somebody lied, if he said my life is a happy little tale, or he told you I’m just an ordinary guy in the world.

【答案】如果有人说我的一生是一个喜剧，或者说我只是个普通人，那么他们都是在撒谎。

3. The theory is of great important that the hotter the body is, the more energy it radiate.

【答案】物体的温度越高，其放射的能量越多，这一理论非常重要。