Word List 6

cardiovascular [ˌkɑːrdioʊˈvæskjələr]

a.心血管的

记  词根记忆：cardio(心脏的) + vascul(血管) + ar →心血管的

例  cardiovascular response心血管反应

cargo [ˈkɑːrgoʊ]

n.货物(freight)

记  联想记忆：装在汽车(car)上运走(go)的物品→货物

例  cargo planes货机

caribou [ˈkærɪbuː]

n.北美驯鹿(reindeer)

例  Caribou are wary animals with excellent hearing.

carnivore [ˈkɑːrnɪvɔːr]

n.肉食动物(flesh-eating animal)

记  词根记忆：carni(肉) + vore(吃) →肉食动物

例  The older an individual carnivore is, the more likely it is to have a large number of tooth fractures.

派  carnivorous(a.肉食动物的)

carpenter [ˈkɑːrpəntər]

n.木匠(worker who builds or repairs wooden structures)

记  发音记忆：“卡朋特”，美国六七十年代风靡一时的乐队

例  The materials available to carpenters working before 1930 were not significantly different in quality from the materials available to carpenters working after 1930.

同根词：carpentry(n.木器；木工手艺)

carpentry [ˈkɑːrpəntri]

n.木器；木工手艺；[木]木工业(the art or trade of a carpenter)

例  I have visited hotels throughout the country and have noticed that in those built before 1930 the quality of the original carpentry work is generally superior to that in hotels built afterward.

同根词：carpenter(n.木匠)

carpet [ˈkɑːrpɪt]

n.地毯(a heavy often tufted fabric used as a floor covering)；v.铺地毯(to furnish with a carpet)

例  The carpet of the Cormond Hotel's lobby is not the most durable carpet that Duratex manufactures.

carpeting [ˈkɑːrpɪtɪŋ]

n.毛毯，地毯(a heavy often tufted fabric used as a floor covering)

记  来自carpet(n.地毯；v.铺地毯)

例  The carpet that is being used to replace carpeting near the other lobby entrances is not Duratex carpet.

cartel [kɑːr ˈtel]

n.卡特尔(为协调生产、价格和商品市场而组成的独立的商业组织联合体) (group of business firms which combine to control production and marketing and to avoid competing with one another)

例  Formal price-fixing by cartels and informal price-fixing by agreements covering the members of an industry are commonplace.

cascade [kæˈskeɪd]

n.小瀑布(a steep usually small fall of water)

记  词根记忆：cas(落下) + cade(落下) →一再落下→小瀑布

例  When a neutrino interacts with a particle in an atom of seawater, the result is a cascade of electrically charged particles.

同根词：casual(a.偶然的)

caseload [ˈkeɪsloʊd]

n.办案量(the number of cases handled usually in a particular period)

例  There isn't sufficient funding to process the increased caseload of arrests and convictions that new officers usually generate.

cashew [ˈkæʃuː]

n.腰果(the nuts of a tropical American tree)；腰果树(a tropical American tree)

例  If the tariff were lifted and unprocessed cashews were sold at world market prices, more farmers could profit by growing cashews.

caste [kæst]

n.社会等级制度(hereditary social class system)；社会团体(any exclusive social class)

记  发音记忆：“卡死他” →在一个等级上卡死他，不让他上来→社会等级制度

例  a rigid caste system严格的社会等级制度// The black smiths belong to a special caste.

casualty [ˈkæʒuəlti]

n.伤亡(人)(person who is killed or injured in war or in an accident)；[pl.]伤亡人数(total of the killed and injured persons)

记  联想记忆：casual(随便的) + ty →因为随随便便造成的→伤亡

例  They resulted in extremely high overall casualty rates in Black combat units.

cataclysm [ˈkætəklɪzəm]

n.大灾难(catastrophe)；(社会政治的)大变动(a momentous and violent event)

例  A little under a million years ago, the briny waters of the Baltic Sea began flooding into the cold North Atlantic: geologists are still debating whether the flood was gradual or created by a cataclysm.

派  cataclysmic(a.大变动的；洪水的)

同根词：catastrophe(n.大灾难)

cataclysmic [ˌkætəˈklɪzmɪk]

a.大变动的(of a sudden violent change or a disaster)

记  来自cataclysm(n.巨变；灾难)

例  Elements heavier than helium would remain there if it were not for the cataclysmic supernova explosions.

catalog(ue) [kætəlɔg]

n.商品目录(complete list of items)；v.为…编目录(to make a catalog of)

例  Kim purchased some items from a catalog for $8 each. // Such artifacts are already catalogued in museum collections.

catalyst [ˈkætəlɪst]

n.催化剂(a substance that enables a chemical reaction to proceed at a usually faster rate)；促使事物发展的因素(a person or a thing that causes a change)

记  词根记忆：cata(下面) + lyst(=lysis溶解) →促进溶解→催化剂

例  The new taxes imposed by the government were a catalyst for revolution.

同根词：analyst(n.分析家)

catalytic [ˌkætəˈlɪtɪk]

a.催化的，起催化作用的(causing, involving, or relating to catalysis)

例  Many people who own cars made before 1993 have had catalytic converters installed in their cars.

派  catalytically(ad.催化地)

catastrophe [kəˈtæstrəfi]

n.灾难，灾祸(disaster)

记  词根记忆：cata(下面) + strophe(转) →天转地覆→灾难

例  The perceived threat of nuclear catastrophe decreases the willingness of people to postpone consumption.

派  catastrophic(a.灾难性的；巨大的)

同根词：apostrophe(n.省略符号)

categorical [ˌkætəˈgɔːrɪkl]

a.无条件的，绝对的(absolute)；分类的(of a category)

记  来自category(n.种类；范畴)

例  The boss gave a categorical no for an answer.

category [ˈkætəgɔːri]

n.类别，种类(any of several fundamental and distinct classes)

例  There are several categories of surgical procedures that are often performed unnecessarily.

派  categorical(a.类的)

cater [ˈkeɪtər]

v.满足(需要)(to supply what is required or desired)

例  Will the restaurant cater to our special requests?

caterpillar [ˈkætərpɪlər]

n.毛虫(larva of a butterfly or moth)

记  该词本意是hairy cat(长毛的猫)，其中pillar意为hair

例  Once ingested by a caterpillar, the crystals dissolve, releasing the virus to infect the insect's cells.

cathedral [kəˈθiːdrəl]

n.大教堂(main church of a district under the care of a bishop)；a.大教堂的(of a cathedral)

记  词根记忆：cathedra(拉丁文：主教座位) + l →设有主教座位的地方→大教堂

例  No doubt castle and cathedral building was not totally barren of profit.

Catholic [ˈkæθlɪk]

a.罗马天主教的(Roman Catholic)

例  Roman Catholic church罗马天主教堂

causative [ˈkɔːzətɪv]

a.成为原因的(effective or operating as a cause)

记  来自cause(n.原因)

例  Sources of financing must be a more important causative factor in the success of a start-up company.

cease [siːs]

v./n.终止，停止(to stop)

记  联想记忆：c + ease(安逸，安心) →生于忧患，死于安乐→终止，停止

例  The government ceased to regulate major industries.

celestial [səˈlestʃl]

a.天体的，天空的(of or relating to the sky)

记  词根记忆：celest(天空) + ial →天空的

例  celestial body天体

同根词：celeste(n.天蓝色)

cellular [ˈseljələr]

a.细胞的(of or consisting of cells)；蜂窝状的(full of cells, shaped like a beehire)

记  词根记忆：cell(细胞) + ular →细胞的

例  cellular structure蜂窝状结构

派  intracellular(a.细胞内的); multicellular(a.多细胞的); subcellular(a.亚细胞的); unicellular(a.单细胞的)

censure [ˈsenʃər]

n.指责，谴责(a judgment involving condemnation)；v.指责，谴责(to find fault with and criticize as blameworthy)

例  Although recent censure of corporate boards of directors as "passive" and "supine" may be excessive, those who criticize board performance have plenty of substantive ammunition.

派  censurable(a.该责备的；可非难的)

census [ˈsensəs]

n.人口调查，人口普查(a usually complete enumeration of a population)

记  词根记忆：cens(审查，判断) + us →官方评价→人口普查

例  The census information was inadequate and did not reflect certain economic changes in the United States.

centrality [senˈtræləti]

n.中心性(the quality or state of being central)；向心性(tendency to remain in or at the center)

记  词根记忆：centr(中心) + ality →中心性

例  the centrality in the United States economy美国经济的集中性

ceramic [səˈræmɪk]

a.陶的，制陶的(of or relating to pottery)

记  来自ceram(n.陶土)

例  Samples from a ceramic vase found at a tomb in Sicily(西西里)prove that the vase was manufactured in Greece.

cereal [ˈsɪriəl]

n.谷类(grain)；谷类食品(food made of grain)

记  联想记忆：ce + real(真正的) →真正的好东西→谷类食品

例  Many breakfast cereals are fortified with vitamin supplements.

certificate [sər ˈtɪfɪkət]

n.证券(a document evidencing ownership or debt)；证明书(official written or printed statement used as proof of certain facts)

记  词根记忆：cert(确定) + i + fic(做) + ate →用来确定的东西→证明书

例  savings certificates储蓄券

certify [ˈsɜːrtɪfaɪ]

v.保证(to assure)；证明(to attest as being true)

记  词根记忆：cert(确定) + ify(使…) →使确定→证明

例  The physician must certify the need for hospitalization, and determine what procedures will be performed.

派  certification(n.证明)

certitude [ˈsɜːrtɪtuːd]

n.确定无疑(certainty)

记  词根记忆：cert(确定) + itude(状态) →确定无疑

例  They can no longer be used with certitude to explain many major economic developments.

cessation [seˈseɪʃn]

n.停止(stop)

记  词根记忆：cess(停止) + ation →停止

例  The cessation of armed conflict was a relief to the people of the nation.

chaise [ʃeɪz]

n.两轮(或四轮)轻便马车(a two or four-wheeled carriage drawn by one horse)

记  联想记忆：chase(追赶)加上i就成了轻便马车(chaise)，我(I)坐上马车 (chaise)好追赶

例  the chaise lounge躺椅

chalice [ˈtʃælɪs]

n.杯(a drinking cup)；圣餐杯(large cup from which consecrated wine is drunk at Eucharist)

记  拉丁语为calix，英语中也有calix，和chalice同词根同词义

例  The recently discovered chalice was probably buried to keep from being stolen by invaders.

chamber [ˈtʃeɪmbər]

n.室，房间(room, esp. a bedroom)；a.【音】室内的(of or for a small group of instruments: chamber concert)

例  Researchers detected a weak electrical signal emanating from the nesting chamber of an ant colony. // chamber music室内音乐

character [ˈkærəktər]

n.性格(disposition)；特征(quality)；字符(letter, sign or mark)

记  联想记忆：char + acter(看作actor演员) →演员刻画人物性格惟妙惟肖

派  characteristic(a.特有的); characterize(v.表现…的特色)

characterization [ˌkærəktəraɪ ˈzeɪʃn]

n.描述(the act of characterizing)

例  I object to your characterization of our X-387 jets as dangerous.

charity [ˈtʃærəti]

n.慈善(mercy)；慈善团体(organization for helping the needy)

例  The Internal Revenue Service provided a tangible incentive for businesses to contribute their products to charity.

chart [tʃɑːrt]

n.图表(graph)；v.记录，记载(to chronicle)

例  An exploration of that theme will chart accurately the development of civilizations.

charter [ˈtʃɑːrtər]

n.宪章(a written instrument or contract executed in due form)；租赁

(hiring a ship, an aircraft or a vehicle)；v.租(to hire or rent)；给予特权(to grant certain rights and privileges to)

例  charter cost租金// If the 25 members of a club chartered the plane and shared the cost equally, what was the cost per member?

派  chartered(a.受特许的)

chatter [ˈtʃætər]

v.喋喋不休地说(to talk idly, incessantly, or fast)；颤动(to vibrate rapidly)

记  来自chat(v.聊天；n.闲谈)

例  The bird leads another animal, such as a honey-badger or a human, to a bees' nest with their chattering when they fly ahead.

同根词：chattily(ad.饶舌地；爱讲闲话地)

chatty [ˈtʃæti]

a.喜欢唠叨的(talkative)；话题轻松的(in the style of light informal talk)

例  My chatty neighbor likes to gossip.

chauvinism [ˈʃoʊvɪnɪzəm]

n.沙文主义，盲目爱国主义(excessive or blind patriotism)

记  来自一法国人名：Chauvin，因其过分的爱国主义和对拿破仑的忠诚而闻名

chip [tʃɪp]

n.芯片(microchip)；碎片(thin piece)

例  Computer memory chips have become thinner and the chips' circuits more complex.

cholesterol [kəˈlestərɔːl]

n.胆固醇(a steroid alcohol that is present in animal cells and body fluids)

记  词根记忆：chole(胆，胆汁) + sterol(固醇) →胆固醇

例  Garnet pays for both testing of its employees'cholesterol levels and treatment of high cholesterol.

chord [kɔːrd]

n. 【几何】弦(straight line that joins two points on the circumference of a circle or the ends of an arc)

记  和cord(n.索，弦)一起记

例  P is the midpoint of chord AB.

chore [tʃɔːr]

n.家庭杂务(the regular or daily light work of a household)；令人厌烦的工作(a difficult or disagreeable task)

记  联想记忆：家庭杂务(chore)总是令人很烦(bore)

例  Women were by nature patient in carrying out repetitive chores.

choreographer [ˌkɔːri ˈɑːgrəfər]

n.舞蹈指导(director, for ballet and dancing on the stage)

记  词根记忆：choreo(舞蹈) + graph(写) + er(人) →书写舞蹈的人→舞蹈指导

例  Her innovative masterworks made her the most honored of American choreographers.

chronic(al) [ˈkrɑːnɪk(l)]

a.长期的，慢性的(marked by long duration or frequent recurrence)

记  词根记忆：chron(时间) + ic →耗时间的→长期的

例  chronic diseases慢性病

派  chronically(ad.长期地，慢性地)

同根词：chronometer(n.计时器); anachronism(n.年代错误)

chronicle [ˈkrɑːnɪkl]

n.编年史(record of historical events in the order in which they happened);

v.记录，记载(to record)

记  词根记忆：chron(时间) + icle →按照时间顺序编写→编年史

例  the early chronicles of America // chronicle a development

同根词：chronological(a.按年代顺序排列的); chronology(n.年代学；年表)

chronology [krəˈnɑːlədʒi]

n.年表；年代学(the science that deals with measuring time by regular divisions and that assigns to events their proper dates)

记  词根记忆：chrono(时间) + logy(一门学科) →年代学

例  A chronology of the development of different methods for mapping Native American lands describes the content of the passage.

同根词：chronicle(v.记录；n.编年史)

circuit [ˈsɜːrkɪt]

n.电路(complete path along which an electric current flows)；环道(a usually circular line encompassing an area)

记  词根记忆：circ(圆，环) + uit →电路是环形的→环道

例  circuit board电路板

派  circuitry(n.电路，线路)

circular [ˈsɜːrkjələr]

a.圆形的；环绕的(round)

记  词根记忆：circ(圆，环) + ular →圆形的；环绕的

例  An artist wishes to paint a circular region on a square poster.

circulate [ˈsɜːrkjəleɪt]

v.散布，传播(to cause to become widespread)

记  词根记忆：circ(圆) + ul + ate(做) →绕圈走→散布，传播

例  The proposal to amend the bylaws of an organization was circulated to its members for comment.

派  circulation(n.循环；传播)

circulation [ˌsɜːrkjəˈleɪʃn]

n.循环，流通(the process of going round continuously)；发行额(the average number of copies of a publication sold over a given period)

记  来自circulate(v.循环，流通；散布)

例  The circulation of the poetry was confined to young Quaker women.

同根词：circus(n.圆形广场；马戏团)

circulatory [ˈsɜːrkjələtɔːri]

a.循环的(of or relating to circulation or the circulatory system)

记  来自circular(a.圆形的；循环的)

例  A peculiar feature of the embryonic mammalian circulatory system is that in the area of the heart the cells adhere to one another, beating in unison and adopting specialized orientations exclusive of one another.

同根词：circulative(a.循环性的；促进循环的)

circumference [sər ˈkʌmfərəns]

n.圆周；圆周长(the perimeter of a circle)

记  词根记忆：circum(环绕) + fer(带来) + ence →带来一圈→圆周长

例  There are cogs around the circumference of a wheel.

同根词：circumspect(a.仔细的); circumstance(n.环境); circumstantial(a.不重要的)

circumspect [ˈsɜːrkəmspekt]

a.谨慎的(cautious)

记  词根记忆：circum(环绕) + spect(看) →绕着看→谨慎的

例  The investor was circumspect when making predictions about the economy.

circumstance [ˈsɜːrkəmstæns]

n.环境；事件(a condition, fact, or event)

记  词根记忆：circum(周围) + stance(站) →周围的存在→环境

例  The first is a circumstance for which the astronomer seeks to provide an explanation.

同根词：circumfluence(n.环流)

circumvent [ˌsɜːrkəmˈvent]

v.环绕(to make a circuit around)；回避，规避(to manage to get around)

记  词根记忆：circum(环绕) + vent(来) →绕着圈儿来规避→规避

例  Immigrants could circumvent such exclusionary laws by leasing or purchasing land in their American-born children's names.

派  circumvention(n.规避)

citywide [ˈsɪtɪˌwaɪd]

a.全市的，全市性的(including or involving all parts of a city)

记  分拆记忆：city(城市) + wide(广泛的) →全市的

例  Yet the fact is that not only were more jobs created than were eliminated, but the average pay for these new jobs has been higher than the average pay for jobs citywide every year since Delmont took office.

civic [ˈsɪvɪk]

a.城市的(municipal)；公民的；平民的(of citizens or citizenship)

例  civic symbols城市象征// civic virtues公民道德// civic education平民教育

civilization [ˌsɪvələˈzeɪʃn]

n.文明，文化(a relatively high level of cultural and technological development)

记  来自civilize(v.使文明；使开化)

例  Confused by the many strata and substrata of ancient civilizations overlying one another, Schliemann temporarily halted his excavations of the fabled city of Ilium, the ancient Troy.

claim [kleɪm]

n.声称(assertion)；v.声称(to assert)；认领(to take as the rightful owner)；索取(to ask for especially as a right)

记  本身为词根：叫喊

例  Many of the economists claim that the government's plan has been successful. // She persuaded Charles VII of France to claim his throne.

clan [klæn]

n.部落，氏族(group of families descended from a common ancestor)

记  和tribe(n.部落；类)一起记

例  matrilineal clans母系氏族

clandestine [klænˈdestɪn]

a.秘密的，暗中从事的(secret)

记  联想记忆：clan(部落) + destine(命中注定) → “部落”和“命定”都有一些“秘密”色彩→秘密的，暗中从事的

例  The demand for the clandestine product would be substantially reduced.

clarify [ˈklærəfaɪ]

v.澄清(to make clear, to free of confusion)

记  词根记忆：clar(清楚) + ify(使…) →澄清

例  The explanation clarified the details of the plan.

clarity [ˈklærəti]

n.清楚，明晰(the quality or state of being clear)

例  Many writers of modern English have acquired careless habits that damage the clarity of their prose.

classify [ˈklæsɪfaɪ]

v.分类(to arrange in classes)；归类(to assign to a category)

记  词根记忆：class(种类) + ify(使…) →分类

例  The pterosaurs(翼龙)should be classified as birds, not reptiles.

派  classification(n.分类法); classified(a.分类的)