Word List 5

bold [boʊld]

a.勇敢的，大胆的(showing a fearless daring spirit)

记  联想记忆：b + old(年长) →年长的人通常比较胆大→勇敢的，大胆的

例  In 1928 he took the bold step of threatening a strike against Pullman.

派  boldface(n.黑体字)

bolster [ˈboʊlstər]

v.支持(to support)；鼓励(to give a boost to)

例  The proposed legislation failed to bolster workplace safety regulations.

bolt [boʊlt]

n.螺栓(metal pin with a head at one end, and a thread)；雷电(a lightning stroke, thunderbolt)

记  联想记忆：大胆(bold)不怕雷电(bolt)劈

例  a lightning bolt闪电，霹雳// All of the fasteners, such as bolts and screws have for several years been supplied by Brindon Bolt Barn.

bombard [bɑːmˈbɑːrd]

v.炮轰，射击(to attack especially with artillery or bombers)；n.射石炮(a late medieval cannon used to hurl large stones)

记  词根记忆：bomb(轰炸) + ard →炮轰

例  A team of scientists has recently provided evidence of Earth being bombarded daily with as many as 40,000 small comets, which vaporize in the upper atmosphere and fall to Earth as rain.

派  bombardment(n.轰炸，炮击)

bona fide [ˌboʊnəˈfaɪd]

a.可信的(authentic)；真诚的，真实的(genuine)

例  the bona fide bills正当票据

bond [bɑːnd]

n.结合(a uniting force or tie a link)；债券(certificate issued by a government or a company acknowledging that money has been lent to it and will be paid back with interest)；v. (使)结合(to cause to adhere firmly)

记  发音记忆：“绑得”→绑在一起→结合

例  Customer loyalty programs are attempts to bond customers to a company and its products and services.

派  bonded(a.束缚的，结合的); bondage(n.束缚)

bonus [ˈboʊnəs]

n.奖金，红利(dividend)

记  联想记忆：bon(好的) + us(我们) →发奖金啦，我们都说好！→奖金

例  A union contract specifies a 6 percent salary increase plus a $450 bonus for each employee.

boom [buːm]

v.迅速发展(to grow rapidly in economy)；兴旺(flourish)；n.繁荣(vigorous growth)

例  Enrollment figures boom during these periods. // The current economic boom ends and consumers can no longer buy major luxury items.

boomerang [ˈbuːməræŋ]

n.回飞棒(a bent or angular throwing club designed to return near the thrower)；自食其果的言行(an act or utterance that backfires on its originator)

例  boomerang effects回旋效果

boost [buːst]

v./n.推，举(to lift)；促进(to promote)；吹捧(to praise)

例  The jet engine could help boost cargoes into space at significantly low costs. // Citizens want the government to take action to boost the economy.

booth [buːθ]

n. (隔开的)小房间(a small enclosure that isolates its occupant)

记  和tooth(n.牙齿)一起记

例  voting booth投票站

boreal [ˈborɪəl]

a.北方的(of, relating to, or located in northern regions)

例  Boreal owls range over larger areas in regions where food of the sort eaten by small animals is sparse than in regions where such food is abundant.

bounce [baʊns]

v. (使)弹起，(使)反弹(to rebound)；n. (球)弹起(a sudden leap or bound)

记  联想记忆：又跳(bound)又弹(bounce)

例  The basketball bounced off the backboard and missed the basket. // After the third bounce the ball was caught.

bound [baʊnd]

v.包围，限制(to constitute the boundary or limit of)；a.(to)必定的(sure, certain)；(up with)密切关联的(closely connected)

例  The triangular flower bed is bounded by three driveways. // Retail sales in Aroca City are bound to increase substantially. // My fate was bound up with hers.

派  boundary(n.边界)

bounty [ˈbaʊnti]

n.奖金，赏金(reward)

记  词根记忆：bount(=bon好) + y →表现好→奖金，赏金

例  By the 1930's, bounty hunters had exterminated most of the gray wolves in the United States.

派  bountiful(a.丰裕的，充足的)

bourgeois [ˌbʊr ˈʒwɑː]

n.资本家(burgher)；中产阶级的人(a middle-class person)

例  "Bourgeois" feminism, so called by its more radical opponents, emphasized "individualist" feminist goals such as access to education, career opportunities, and legal equality.

派  bourgeoisify(v.使中产阶级化；使资产阶级化)

bower [ˈbaʊər]

n.凉亭；树荫(a shady, leafy shelter in a garden or wood)

例  Young male bowerbirds are inept at bowerbuilding and apparently spend years watching their elders before becoming accomplished in the local bower style.

派  bowery(a.有亭子的；有树荫的)

boycott [ˈbɔɪkɑːt]

v./n.联合抵制(usu. of a group of people, refuse to deal or trade with a person or a country)

记  联想记忆：boy + cott(音似：cut剃) →男孩子们剃头以示抗议→抵制

例  The union leaders are considering as their principal new tactic a consumer boycott against Gasco gas stations.

brace [breɪs]

n.支柱，支撑(something that connects or fastens)；v.准备(to prepare)

例  In spring St. John's residents are less likely to be sitting at outdoor cafes than to be bracing themselves against arctic chills.

brass [bræs]

n.黄铜(bright yellow metal made by mixing copper and zinc)

例  Many clothes incorporate thick metal parts such as decorative brass studs(纽扣)or buttons.

派  brazen(a.厚颜无耻的)

brew [bruː]

v.酿造(to make by mixing, boiling and fermenting malt, hops and water)；冲泡(茶、咖啡等)(to prepare by infusion in hot water)

记  联想记忆：喝下自酿(brew)的苦酒，他紧皱起眉头(brow)

例  To boost sales, other small breweries should brew low-calorie beers as well. // Jane brews her tea in a special way.

派  brewery(n.酿酒厂)

bring about [brɪŋ əˈbaʊt]

使发生，导致(to cause sth. to happen)

例  Those lymphocytes(淋巴细胞)can bring about the death of the foreign-tissue cells.

brochure [broʊˈʃʊr]

n.小册子；说明书(booklet or pamphlet containing imformation about sth. or advertising sth.)

记  发音记忆：“不用求”→有了小册子，就不用求别人了

broker [ˈbroʊkər]

n.经纪人(the person who buys and sells things for others; middleman)

例  Our stock broker helped us choose our investments.

brokerage [ˈbroʊkərɪdʒ]

n.经纪业，中间人业务(the business or establishment of a broker)；佣金，回扣(a broker's fee or commission)

记  来自broker(n.中间人，经纪人)

例  brokerage firms经纪商

bronze [brɑːnz]

n.青铜(alloy of copper and tin)

例  These ceremonial drinking vessels were made of bronze.

brutal [ˈbruːtl]

a.残忍的(cruel)

例  brutal criminal凶残的罪犯

bucket [ˈbʌkɪt]

n.桶(a typically cylindrical vessel for catching, holding, or carrying liquids or solids)；一桶的量(bucketful)；v.颠簸前进(to drive hurriedly or roughly)

例  a bucket of…一桶的量

bucolic [bjuːˈkɑːlɪk]

a.乡村的(of country life or the countryside)；田园风味的(idyllic)

记  词根记忆：buc(牛) + olic(养…的) →养牛的→乡村的

例  Dirt roads may evoke the bucolic simplicity of another century.

budget [ˈbʌdʒɪt]

n.预算(a systematic plan for the expenditure of a usually fixed resource, such as money or time, during a given period)

记  联想记忆：bud(蓓蕾，发芽) + get(得到) →得到了发芽→初步计算出来了→预算

例  budget deficit预算赤字

budworm [ˈbʌdwɜːrm]

n.蚜虫(a moth larva that feeds on the buds of plants)

记  分拆记忆：bud(芽) + worm(虫) →蚜虫

例  The drop in the population of the spruce budworm is expected to be only temporary.

buffalo [ˈbʌfəloʊ]

n.水牛；北美野牛(any of several wild bovids)

记  联想记忆：buff(软牛皮) + alo →经常泡在水里的牛皮会软→水牛

例  These researchers have overlooked the economic impact of rural development projects that improve people's daily lives at the village level—such as the cooperative raising of water buffalo.

buffer [ˈbʌfər]

n.缓冲物(a means or device used as a cushion against the shock of fluctuations in business or financial activity)

记  来自buff(v.缓冲，减震)

例  buffer stock调节性库存储备// buffer funds缓冲基金

bulge [bʌldʒ]

v.膨胀(to swell)；凸出(to bend outward)

例  Our stomachs bulged after we ate too much.

bulk [bʌlk]

n.主体，绝大部分(main or greater part)

记  联想记忆：公牛(bull)总是大批(bulk)地行动

例  The bulk of the health-care dollar is spent on the illnesses of some significance.

buoyant [ˈbuːjənt]

a.有浮力的(showing buoyancy)；快乐的(cheerful)

例  The relative low density of the hottest rock makes that material buoyant.

派  buoyantly(ad.心情愉悦地；有浮力地); buoyancy(n.浮力；轻快)

burden [ˈbɜːrdn]

n.负担(load, duty, obligation)；v.加重压于(to oppress)

例  tax burden税负

bureau [ˈbjʊroʊ]

n. (政府机构的)局，部，处(a specialized administrative unit)

记  法语词，意为“办公室”

派  bureaucracy(n.官僚主义；政府机构)

burglarize [ˈbɜːrgləˌraɪz]

v.破门盗窃(to enter a building in order to steal)

记  词根记忆：burglar(夜盗) + ize →进行夜盗→破门盗窃

例  It is against the law to burglarize people's homes.

同根词：burglary(n.入室行窃)

burrow [ˈbɜːroʊ]

n.洞穴(a hole in the ground made by an animal, such as a rabbit, for shelter and habitation)；v.挖洞(make sth. by digging)

例  These rats stay in burrows during the hot part of the day.

butterfly [ˈbʌtərflaɪ]

n.蝴蝶(an insect with large colourful wings and a thin body)；追求享乐的人(a person chiefly occupied with the pursuit of pleasure)

记  联想记忆：butter(黄油) + fly(飞) →颜色像黄油一样会飞的东西→蝴蝶

例  The color butterfly's survival was indirectly dependent on sustaining a rabbit population of a particular size.

buttress [ˈbʌtrəs]

n.扶壁(a projecting structure of masonry or wood for supporting or giving stability to a wall or building)；v.支持(support)

例  This pragmatic approach is buttressed by Arizona and California.

bygone [ˈbaɪgɔːn]

n.过去的事(past things)；a.以前的(past)；过时的(outmoded)

例  All things antique have grown a market for bygone styles of furniture and fixtures.

bylaw [ˈbaɪˌlɔ]

n.地方法规(a local ordinance)；规章制度(rule)

例  The proposal to amend the bylaws of an organization was circulated to its members.

cabin [ˈkæbɪn]

n. (船、机)舱(small room or compartment on a ship or an aircraft)

记  联想记忆：cab(出租车) + in(在里面) →出租车一般小的屋子→船舱

cabinet [ˈkæbɪnət]

n.贮藏橱，陈列柜(piece of furniture with drawers or shelves for storing or displaying things)

caffeine [kæˈfiːn]

n.咖啡因(stimulant drug found in tea leaves and coffee beans)

例  The candy company adds caffeine to the chocolate candy bars.

calamitous [kəˈlæmɪtəs]

a.灾难的，悲惨的(being, causing, or accompanied by calamity)

记  来自calamity(n.灾难)

例  Growing evidence that coastal erosion occurs continuously, not just in calamitous bursts such as hurricanes, has led scientists and planners to urge a stringent new approach to limiting development along the nation's shoreline.

calcium [ˈkælsiəm]

n.钙(a silver-white divalent metallic element of the alkaline-earth group occurring only in combination)

记  词根记忆：calc(石头) + ium →像石头一样硬→钙

例  A new study finds that the more hostility people show in their behavior and attitudes, the more likely they are to have calcium deposits in the arteries of their hearts.

calculate [ˈkælkjuleɪt]

v.计算(to count)；估计(to figure out)；推测(to judge to be true or probable)

记  词根记忆：calcul(计算) + ate(做) →计算；推测

例  The unemployment rates that James calculates appear to be modest. // Canadian scientists have calculated that one human being should be struck every nine years by a meteorite.

派  calculated(a.有计划的；适合的)

calculus [ˈkælkjələs]

n.结石(a concretion usually of mineral salts around organic material found especially in hollow organs or ducts)；微积分学(the mathematical methods comprising differential and integral calculus)

记  词根记忆：calcul(计算) + us →微积分学

例  Newton developed mathematical concepts and techniques that are fundamental to modern calculus.

calefaction [ˌkælɪ ˈfækʃən]

n.加热(heating up)；发暖作用

记  词根记忆：cale(热) + fact(做) + ion →加热

calendar [ˈkælɪndər]

n.日历(a page or series of pages showing the days, weeks and months of a particular year, especially one that you hang on a wall)；历法；日程表(a record of what you have to do each day)

记  联想记忆：cal(看作call叫) + end(结束) + ar →一年到头对日子的叫法→日历

例  The North American Indians developed advanced full-year calendars based on systematic astronomical observation.

calf [kæf]

n.牛犊，幼崽(the young of the domestic cow)

记  联想记忆：小牛(calf)是半(half)大的牛

caller [ˈkɔːlər]

n.访客(a person who goes to a house or a building)；打电话者；召集员(one that calls)

记  来自call(v.呼叫；拜访)

例  They thus automatically inform the operator of the location and phone number of the caller.

同根词：callable(a.随时可偿还的；请求即付的)

calligraphic [ˌkælɪ ˈgræfɪk]

a.书法的，书写的(of beautiful handwriting)

记  来自calligraphy(n.书法)

例  a miniature calligraphic composition微型书法作品

camcorder [ˈkæmkɔːrdər]

n.摄录像机(a small portable combined camera and VCR)

记  和recorder(n.录音机)一起记

例  The electronics company has unveiled what it claims to be the world's smallest network digital camcorder.

campaign [kæmˈpeɪn]

n.战役(series of military operations)；系列活动(a connected series of operations designed to bring about a particular result)

记  联想记忆：打起战役(campaign)或搞起运动来都需露营(camp)

例  sales campaign销售大战// election campaign竞选活动

campsite [ˈkæmpsaɪt]

n.营地(site of a camp)

记  联想记忆：camp(露营) + site(地点) →露营的地点→营地

例  Another campsite was found in New Mexico with remains dated at 16,000 years old.

canary [kəˈneri]

n.金丝雀(a small yellow bird with a beautiful song, often kept in a cage as a pet)；女歌星(female singer)

记  联想记忆：can(能够) + ary →有能耐，能歌善舞的人→女歌星

例  I cleaned the bird cage and the canary disappeared.

candidate [ˈkændɪdeɪt]

n.候选人(a person who applies for a job or is nominated for election)；投考者(a person taking an examination)

记  联想记忆：can(能) + did(做) + ate →能做的人→候选人；投考者

例  To win the election, a candidate needed to receive more than 50 percent of the votes.

派  candidacy(n.候选资格)

cannon [ˈkænən]

n.加农炮，大炮(a large heavy gun usually mounted on a carriage)

记  发音记忆

例  An ancient cannon sat in the middle of the town square.

canopy [ˈkænəpi]

n.顶棚(hanging cover forming a shelter above a throne or bed, etc.)；树冠层(the uppermost spreading branchy layer of a forest)

例  tree canopy树冠

canyon [ˈkænjən]

n.峡谷(a long, narrow valley between cliffs)

例  Those who have visited the Grand Canyon have typically seen layers of sediment in the gaping canyon.

capacity [kəˈpæsəti]

n.最大容量(ability to hold or contain sth.)；最大生产量(power to produce sth.)；能力(aptitude, ability)

记  词根记忆：cap(拿，容纳) + acity →最大容量

例  memory capacity内存容量// operate at full capacity满负荷运转

派  incapacity(n.无能力)

capitalize [ˈkæpɪtəlaɪz]

v.资本化(to convert sth. into capital)；获利(to profit)；利用(to use sth. to one's own advantage)

记  来自capital(n.资本)

例  Seeking to capitalize on the books' success, they plan to produce a movie sequel based on the books.

派  capitalism(n.资本主义); capitalization(n.资本化)

capsule [ˈkæpsjuːl]

n.胶囊(small soluble case containing a dose of medicine and swallowed with it)

记  联想记忆：cap(帽子) + sule(看作seal密封) →封在帽状物中→胶囊

例  Painkillers come in tablets and capsules. // The nematodes can lie dormant for several years in their cysts, which are protective capsules.

captivate [ˈkæptɪveɪt]

v.迷住，迷惑，吸引(to attract)

记  词根记忆：capt(抓住) + ivate →抓住→迷住

例  Most economists in the United States seem captivated by the spell of the free market.

captive [ˈkæptɪv]

n.俘虏(one held as a prisoner)

记  词根记忆：capt(抓) + ive(…的) →被俘虏的→俘虏

例  The captor also benefited financially by having his captive raise the ransom himself.

同根词：captivity(n.监禁，束缚); captor(n.捕捉者，逮捕者)

capture [ˈkæptʃər]

v.捕捉(to catch)；占领(to gain control of)；吸引，赢得(to gain or win especially through effort)

记  词根记忆：capt(抓住) + ure →捕捉；占领

例  Pterosaurs had to fly in order to capture prey. // The company employed a new strategy to capture foreign markets. // The major party is likely to capture much more than half of the votes.

carbohydrate [ˌkɑːrboʊˈhaɪdreɪt]

n.碳水化合物，糖类(organic compound, such as sugar and starch, containing carbon, hydrogen and oxygen)

记  词根记忆：carbo(碳) + hydr(水) + ate →碳水化合物

例  In cold-water habitats, certain invertebrates and fish convert starches into complex carbohydrates.

carbonate [ˈkɑːrbənət]

n.碳酸盐(a salt or ester of carbonic acid)

记  来自carbon(n.碳)

例  These sediments are composed of calcium carbonate shells of marine organisms.

同根词：carbonize(v.碳化)

carcass [ˈkɑːrkəs]

n.尸体(corpse)；(屠宰后)畜体(the dressed body of a meat animal)；(人的)身躯(the living, material, or physical body)

记  联想记忆：car(汽车) + cass(看作cast投掷) →发生车祸，汽车被甩到一边，留下尸体→ (动物的)尸体

例  In Pleistocene carnivore species, older individuals consumed carcasses as thoroughly as younger individuals did.

carcinogen [kɑːr ˈsɪnədʒən]

n.致癌物(substance that produces cancer)

记  词根记忆：carcino(ma)(癌) + gen(产生) →产生癌→致癌物

例  The tests indicated that the chemical was a carcinogen in laboratory rats.

carcinogenic [ˌkɑːrsɪnəˈdʒenɪk]

a.致癌的；致癌物的(causing a cancer)

记  来自carcinogen(n.致癌物质)

例  The two insect-repelling chemicals in the secretions of the millipedes are carcinogenic for humans but do not appear to be carcinogenic for capuchins.

cardiac [ˈkɑːrdiæk]

a.心脏的；心脏病的(relating to the heart or heart disease)

记  词根记忆：cardi(心脏的) + ac →心脏的；心脏病的

例  a cardiac surgeon心脏外科医生

cardiopulmonary [ˌkɑrdɪoˈpʌlməneri]

a.心肺的；与心肺有关的(of or relating to the heart and lungs)

记  词根记忆：cardio(有氧的) + pulmonary(肺部的) →肺部的有氧活动→心肺的

例  To be successful, cardiopulmonary resuscitation should begin within one to four minutes after a cardiac arrest.