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Word List 4

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aurora [ɔːˈrɔːrə]

n.极光(bands of coloured light seen in the sky at night near the North Pole and caused by electrical radiation)

记  注意:aurore(a.朝霞色的)

例  Displays of the aurora borealis(北极光)can heat the atmosphere over the arctic.

austere [ɔːˈstɪr]

a.严格的,节制的(strict or severe in discipline)

记  词根记忆:au + ster(冷) + e →冷面孔→严格的

例  The austere professor never smiled. // The austere budgets have caused the slowdown in the growth in state spending.

派  austerity(n.严格;国家开支上的紧缩)

authentic [ɔːˈθentɪk]

a.真正的(genuine; real);法律证实的(legally attested)

记  词根记忆:authent(=author作家) + ic →自己就是作家→真正的

例  Although many art patrons can readily differentiate a good debenture from an undesirable one, they are much less expert in distinguishing good paintings and poor ones, or authentic art and fakes.

派  authentically(ad.真正地;确实地)

authenticate [ɔːˈθentɪkeɪt]

v.证明…是真的(to confirm)

记  来自authentic(a.真的;真正的)

例  We authenticate the coins we sell through a nationally recognized firm.

派  authentication(n.证明,鉴定)

authoritative [əˈθɔːrəteɪtɪv]

a.权威的,官方的(having or proceeding from authority);专断的(dictatorial)

记  来自authority(n.权威)

例  Authoritative parents are more likely than permissive parents to have children who as adolescents are self-confident, high in self-esteem, and responsibly independent.

派  authoritatively(ad.权威地;命令式地)

authority [əˈθɔːrəti]

n.权力(power)[pl.]当局,权威(person or group having the power)

记  词根记忆:author(权力) + ity →权力

例  The best strategy for managing a business, or any enterprise, is to give them as much authority as possible.

同根词:authoritarian(a.独裁的); authoritative(a.有权威的,命令的)

authorize [ˈɔːθəraɪz]

v.授权(to grant authority or power to);批准,认可(to ratify)

记  词根记忆:author(权力) + ize →把权力下放→授权;批准

例  authorize a loan批准贷款

派  authorized(a.经授权的)

autobiography [ˌɔːtəbaɪ ˈɑːgrəfi]

n.自传(story of a person's life written by that person)

记  词根记忆:auto(自己) + bio(生命) + graphy(写) →写自己的一生→自传

例  Current feminist theory, has encouraged scholars of women's history to view the use of women's oral narratives as the methodology, next to the use of women's written autobiography.

automate [ˈɔːtəmeɪt]

v. (使)自动化(to convert to largely automatic operation)

记  词根记忆:auto(自己) + mat(动) + e →自己动→自动化

例  Many corporations that have failed to automate have seen their profits decline.

派  automatic(a.自动的;机械的); automation(n.自动化)

automatic [ˌɔːtəˈmætɪk]

a.自动的(having a self-acting or self-regulating mechanism);无意识的(largely or wholly involuntary)

记  词根记忆:auto(自己) + mat(动) + ic(…的) →自动的

例  Airline executives are convinced that, just as one-third of bank customers still prefer human tellers to automatic teller machines, many travelers will still use travel agents.

派  automatically(ad.自动地;机械地)

同根词:autonomy(n.自治;自治权)

automation [ˌɔːtəˈmeɪʃn]

n.自动装置(mechanism that imitates actions of humans)

记  词根记忆:auto(自己) + mat(动) + ion →自动→自动装置

例  Many workers who lose their jobs to automation will need government assistance to survive.

同根词:autoalarm(n.自动报警器)

automobile [ˈɔːtəməbiːl]

n.汽车(a usually four-wheeled automotive vehicle)

记  词根记忆:auto(自己) + mobile(可移动的) →可以自己移动的→汽车

例  The automobile industry dominated the American economy in the 1920's.

同根词:automatic(a.自动的)

autonomy [ɔːˈtɑːnəmi]

n.自治(self-government with respect to local or internal affairs);自主(权) (the right of self-government)

记  词根记忆:auto(自己) + nomy(名字) →给命运写上自己的名字→自主

例  women's autonomy

派  autonomous(a.自主的;自治的)

availability [əˌveɪləˈbɪləti]

n.可用性(quality or state of being available)

记  来自available(a.可用的)

例  The ample availability of land makes security of land tenure unimportant.

avalanche [ˈævəlæntʃ]

n.雪崩(a large mass of snow, ice, earth, rock, or other material in swift motion down a mountainside or over a precipice)v.雪崩(to descend in an avalanche)

例  Over the same period, however, the number of visitors to ski resorts who were caught in avalanches decreased, even though there was no reduction in the annual number of avalanches in the Sordellian Mountains.

aversion [əˈvɜːrʒn]

n.厌恶,反感(antipathy)

记  联想记忆:a + vers(转) + ion →转开→厌恶

例  Their aversion to government paperwork made them reluctant to pursue many government contracts.

同根词:adverse(a.不利的)

avian [ˈeɪviən]

n.鸟;a.鸟类的(of, relating to, or derived from birds)

记  词根记忆:avi(鸟) + an →鸟;鸟类的

例  These results confirmed that avian species can develop preferences for palatable food through social learning.

同根词:aviator(n.飞行员)

aviation [ˌeɪvi ˈeɪʃn]

n.航空(术)(the operation of heavier-than-air aircraft);飞机制造业(airplane manufacture)

记  词根记忆:avi(鸟) + ation(表名词) →像鸟一样飞→航空

例  Aviation fuel is projected to decline in price over the next several years.

同根词:aviary(n.鸟舍,鸟笼)

aviator [ˈeɪvieɪtər]

n.飞行家,飞行员(the pilot of an aircraft)

记  来自aviate(v.飞行)

例  All trainees in a certain aviator training program must take both a written test and a flight test.

同根词:aviation(n.航空)

avidly [ˈævɪdli]

ad.渴望地,热心地(eagerly)

例  The more rare something becomes, the more avidly it is sought by collectors.

avoid [əˈvɔɪd]

v.避开,躲避(to keep oneself away from)

例  Having learned of an upcoming environmental ban on a certain chemical, a company designs its new plant to employ processes that avoid use of that chemical.

派  avoidance(n.逃避;空缺)

同根词:devoid(a.缺乏的)

backwater [ˈbækwɔːtər]

n.回水(water backed up in its course);死水(a body of water that is out of the main current of a larger body)

例  The Emerald River annually overflowed its banks, creating backwaters.

bacterium [bækˈtɪriəm]

n. [pl. bacteria]细菌(simplest and smallest forms of plant life, microscopic organisms that are often a cause of disease)

记  联想记忆:bac(看作back背后) + ter + ium →总是偷偷(背后)让人得病的东西→细菌

例  Scientists hypothesize that in high salt environments the antibiotic becomes ineffective at killing harmful bacteria.

派  bacterial(a.细菌的;由细菌引起的)

balcony [ˈbælkəni]

n.阳台(veranda);包厢,楼座(loge)

记  发音记忆:“包给你” →把整个包厢都“包给你”

例  This theater has 100 balcony seats.

ballistic [bəˈlɪstɪk]

a.弹道的,发射的(of things that are shot or fired through the air, eg. bullets, missles, etc.)

记  联想记忆:ball(子弹) + istic →发射子弹的→弹道的

例  ballistic missiles弹道导弹

bankruptcy [ˈbæŋkrʌptsi]

n.破产,倒闭(the quality or state of being bankrupt)

记  词根记忆:bank(银行) + rupt(断) + cy →银行都关门了→破产

例  The automobile company was brought back from the verge of bankruptcy.

同根词:corruption(n.腐败)

bar [bɑːr]

v. (from)禁止,阻止(to prevent, forbid)n.棒;酒吧(a place where drinks are served)

例  The purpose of the legislation is to bar companies from financing their own unions. // candy bar棒棒糖

barb [bɑːrb]

n.倒钩(a sharp projection extending backward);伤人的话(a biting or pointedly critical remark or comment)v.装倒钩于(to furnish with a barb)

例  The honeybee's stinger is heavily barbed and stays where it is inserted.

bark [bɑːrk]

n.树皮(无复数)(tough outer covering of tree trunks and branches)

记  注意:bark还有一些动词意思是“狗吠;咆哮;剥树皮”

barracks [ˈbærəks]

n.兵营(large buildings for soldiers to live in)

例  Nightingale was the first to notice the poor living conditions in British military barracks in peacetime.

barrel [ˈbærəl]

n.(cask)v.把…装桶(to put or pack sth. in a barrel)

记  联想记忆:bar(栅栏,障碍) + rel →横木围住的桶

例  World consumption of oil is currently 26 billion barrels a year.

barren [ˈbærən]

a.贫瘠的(not productive)(of)没有的,缺乏的(devoid, lacking)

记  词根记忆:bar(栅栏,障碍) + ren →阻碍发展→没有的,缺乏的

例  No doubt castle and cathedral building was not totally barren of profit.

barrier [ˈbæriər]

n.栅栏(fence);障碍,壁垒(obstacle)

记  词根记忆:bar(栅栏,障碍) + rier →栅栏,障碍

例  trade barriers贸易壁垒

batch [bætʃ]

n.一批(a quantity (as of persons or things) considered as a group)v.分批处理(to bring together or process as a batch)

记  联想记忆:bat(蝙蝠) + ch →蝙蝠都是成群生活→一批

例  Some batches of polio vaccine used around 1960 were contaminated with SV40, a virus that in monkeys causes various cancers.

派  batcher(n.混凝土材料计量器)

battalion [bəˈtæliən]

n.军营,军队(army)

记  词根记忆:bat(战斗) + talion →用于战斗的→军队

例  The army policies kept most Black units working in labor battalions.

同根词:battle(n.战争)

bead [biːd]

n.小珠子(a small piece of material pierced for threading on a string or wire);(水、血、汗的)小滴(drop of liquid)

例  The beads are DNA segments wrapped around the histones.

beam [biːm]

v.堆满笑容(to smile with joy)n. (光线等的)束,柱(ray or stream of light or other radiation)

记  联想记忆:be + am →做我自己,成为国家的栋梁→柱

例  In each 30-second period, the beam sweeps through 3.690°.

bearer [ˈberər]

n.搬运工(porter);生育者(one who breeds)

记  来自bear(v.负荷;运载)

例  child bearer孕妇

beckon [ˈbekən]

v.召唤(to summon);吸引,引诱(to attract)

例  Employers showed surprisingly little interest in changing that perception, even when higher profits beckoned.

beehive [ˈbiːhaɪv]

n.蜂窝,蜂箱(a hive for bees)

记  分拆记忆:bee(蜜蜂) + hive(蜂房,蜂箱) →蜂窝,蜂箱

例  A beehive's honeycomb cannot have some sections that contain toxic honey and other sections that contain nontoxic honey.

behavioral [bɪ ˈheɪvjərəl]

a.行为的(of or relating to behavior)

记  来自behavior(n.行为举止)

例  Geneticists consider the gene to be a behavioral gene.

派  behaviourism(n.行为主义)

bellows [ˈbeloʊz]

n.风箱(apparatus for driving air into or through sth.)

记  和bellow(v.吼叫)一起记

benchmark [ˈbentʃmɑːrk]

n.基准(something that serves as a standard by which others may be measured or judged)v.标准测试(to study, as a competitor's product or business practices, in order to improve the performance of one's own company)

记  联想记忆:bench(法官席,引申为法律) + mark(记号) →将法律作为我们的基准

例  The technique to judge the performance of a company by comparing it with other companies is called "benchmarking".

benefactor [ˈbenɪfæktər]

n.行善者,捐助者(one that confers a benefit)

记  词根记忆:bene(好) + fact(做) + or →做好事的人→行善者

例  Since private institutions had also lost benefactors, they began to charge patients.

同根词:benevolent(a.慈善的)

beneficiary [ˌbenɪ ˈfɪʃieri]

n.受益人,受惠者(one that benefits from sth.)

记  来自benefit(n.利益)

例  Moreover, part of this remaining third is received by workers who are shareholders, pension beneficiaries, and the like.

同根词:beneficial(a.受益的,有利的)

benefit [ˈbenɪfɪt]

n.利益,好处(sth. that promotes well-being);救济金(financial help in time of sickness, old age, or unemployment)v.有益于,对…有益(to be useful or profitable to)

记  词根记忆:bene(好) + fit →利益;有助于

例  There are no types of vegetation on Tufe Island that are known to benefit from dry conditions.

派  beneficial(a.有益的;有利的)

benevolence [bəˈnevələns]

n.仁慈;善行(an act of kindness)

记  词根记忆:bene(好) + vol(意志) + ence →好的意志→仁慈

例  The cult of female domesticity developed independently of the concept of female benevolence.

同根词:benevolent(a.善心的)

bestow [bɪ ˈstoʊ]

v.放置(to put in a particular place);授予(to give)

记  词根记忆:be + stow(装载;收藏) →收藏起来→放置

例  The committee bestowed an engraved plaque on the contest winner.

betrayal [bɪ ˈtreɪəl]

n.背叛(defection)

记  来自betray(v.背叛)

例  In broadcast debates, critics dismissed the program as a betrayal of national identity.

better-off [ˈbetər ˈɔːf]

a.境况较好或较富裕(be happier or richer)

例  Many of them are no better-off financially than they were before the increase in production.

beverage [ˈbevərɪdʒ]

n.饮料(any type of drink except water)

记  词根记忆:bever(喝) + age →喝的东西→饮料

例  food and beverages食品和饮料

bias [ˈbaɪəs]

n.偏见(prejudice);偏心(preference)v.使有偏见(to give a settled and often prejudiced outlook to)

记  词根记忆:bi(两) + as →两者只取其一→偏见

例  A political bias was evident in the newspaper article.

派  biased(a.结果有偏倚的)

bicker [ˈbɪkər]

v.争吵,争论(to quarrel)

记  联想记忆:bick(看作brick砖头) + er →互相扔砖头→争吵

例  The services bickered unceasingly over their respective roles and missions.

bid [bɪd]

n.出价,投标(an offer of a price);投标的价格(the price offered)

例  They revise their procedure for making bids for federal contracts and subcontracts. // They lost the contract because their bid was too high.

派  bidder(n.投标人)

bifurcation [ˌbaɪfər ˈkeɪʃn]

n.分歧(difference)

例  The Geminid data between 1970 and 1979 show just such a bifurcation.

bilateral [ˌbaɪ ˈlætərəl]

a.双边的(affecting two nations or parties)

记  词根记忆:bi(两) + later(边的) + al →双边的

例  The bilateral talks between Russia and the U.S. produced an important agreement.

billing [ˈbɪlɪŋ]

n.营业额(total amount of business within a given period);广告 (advertising)

例  billing cycle结账周期

bind [baɪnd]

v.捆绑(to tie or to fasten);结合(to combine or be taken up especially by chemical action);约束(to restrain as if with bonds)

记  发音记忆:“绑的”→绑着的东西是受约束的→约束

例  Western women were free from the constraints binding their eastern sisters.

biodegradable [ˌbaɪoʊdɪ ˈgreɪdəbl]

a.可由生物降解的(can be made to rot by bacteria)

记  词根记忆:bio(生物) + degradable(能降解的) →可由生物降解的

例  Since most paper is entirely biodegradable, paper goods are environmentally preferable.

bioengineer [ˌbaɪoʊˌendʒɪ ˈnɪr]

v.生物工程制成(to modify or produce by bioengineering)n.生物工程师

记  词根记忆:bio(生物) + engineer(工程师) →生物工程师

例  Plantings of cotton bioengineered to produce its own insecticide against bollworms, a major cause of crop failure, sustained little bollworm damage until this year.

biography [baɪ ˈɑːgrəfi]

n.传记(a usually written history of a person's life)

记  词根记忆:bio(生命) + graph(写) + y →记录生命→传记

例  There was a biography of each musician in the concert program.

派  autobiography(n.自传)

biomedical [ˌbaɪoʊˈmedɪkl]

a.生物医学的(of, relating to, or involving biological, medical, and physical science)

记  词根记忆:bio(生物) + medical(医学的) →生物医学的

例  Junior biomedical researchers have long assumed that their hirings and promotions depend significantly on the amount of their published work.

biophysicist [ˌbaɪoʊˈfɪzɪsɪst]

n.生物物理学家(a person who is specialized in biophysics)

记  词根记忆:bio(生物) + physicist(物理学家) →生物物理学家

例  There is a striking similarity that biophysicists have discovered between algae and cows.

biosphere [ˈbaɪoʊsfɪr]

n.生物圈(the part of the world in which life can exist)

记  词根记忆:bio(生物) + sphere(球,圈) →生物圈

例  This ecosystem is one of the fascinating paradoxes of the biosphere.

同根词:atmosphere(n.大气层); hemisphere(n.半球)

bisect [baɪ ˈsekt]

v.平分(to divide into two equal parts)

记  词根记忆:bi(两) + sect(切,割) →分成两份→平分

例  The partition bisected the room into two smaller rooms.

派  bisector(n.平分线)

bizarre [bɪ ˈzɑːr]

a.奇异的,古怪的(very strange, eccentric)

记  联想记忆:集市上(bazaar)有各种古怪的(bizarre)东西

例  A bizarre series of events preceded the murder.

blackout [ˈblækaʊt]

n.无线电通讯中断,信号消失(a usually temporary loss of a radio signal)

记  来自词组black out(熄灯;停电)

例  Electric currents can cause blackouts in some areas.

bland [blænd]

a. (指人)温和的(characterized by a moderate quality);乏味的(dull)

记  注意:blend(n.混合物)

例  Michael was listening to a bland doctor.

blast [blæst]

n.爆炸(an explosion)

记  和gust(n.阵风,一阵狂风)一起记

例  nuclear blast核爆炸

bloc [blɑːk]

n.集团,组织(a temporary combination of parties)

例  trading blocs贸易组织

block [blɑːk]

v.阻碍(hinder);堵塞(obstruct)n.街区(street)

例  No country should block any of its markets to foreign trade. // We know all the neighbors on our block.

派  blockade(n./v.封锁); blockage(n.封锁,妨碍)

blot [blɑːt]

n.墨迹,污迹(spot)v.模糊,遮暗(to make obscure)

例  It sends up a global pall of dust that blots out the Sun.

派  blotter(n.吸墨纸)

colorgrass [ˈbluːgræs]

n.蓝草音乐(from the Blue Grass Boys, performing group);莓系属的牧草,早熟禾属植物(any of several grasses of which some have bluish-green culms)

记  联想记忆:color(蓝色) + grass(草) →有蓝色草的地方的音乐风格→蓝草音乐

例  Bluegrass musician Bill Monroe's repertory, views on musical collaboration, and vocal style were influential on generations of colorgrass artists.

bluntly [ˈblʌntli]

ad.坦率地,率直地(directly)

记  来自blunt(a.坦诚的,直率的)

例  Many bluntly admitted that they thought Jane Eyre was a masterpiece.

boarder [ˈbɔːrdər]

n.寄膳者;寄宿生(one that is provided with regular meals and lodging)

记  来自board(n.膳食;v.寄宿)

例  Foul play was suspected but never confirmed in the death of the boarder in 1985.

boardinghouse [ˈbɔːrdɪŋˌhaʊs]

n.寄宿公寓(house providing meals and accomodation)

例  Boardinghouses were built to accommodate the Issei.




A man is not old as long as he is seeking something. A man is not old until regrets take the place of dreams.

只要一个人还有所追求,他就没有老。直到后悔取代了梦想,一个人才算老。

——美国演员巴里穆尔(J. Barrymore, American actor)