Introduction to VirtualBox and Cygwin

Whenever I write or teach, I try very hard not to provide students with a cure for insomnia. Throughout this book, you'll see a bit of theory whenever it's necessary, but I mainly like to provide good, practical information. There will also be plenty of step-by-step hands-on labs.

The best way to do the labs is to use Linux virtual machines. Most of what we'll do can apply to any Linux distribution, but we will also do some things that are specific to either Red Hat Enterprise Linux or Ubuntu Linux. (Red Hat Enterprise Linux is the most popular for enterprise use, while Ubuntu is most popular for cloud deployments.) 

Red Hat is a billion-dollar company, so there's no doubt about where they stand in the Linux market. But, since Ubuntu Server is free-of-charge, we can't judge its popularity strictly on the basis of its parent company's worth.  The reality is that Ubuntu Server is the most widely-used Linux distribution for deploying cloud-based applications.

See here for details: http://www.zdnet.com/article/ubuntu-linux-continues-to-dominate-openstack-and-other-clouds/.

Since Red Hat is a fee-based product, we'll substitute CentOS 7, which is built from Red Hat source code and is free-of-charge. There are several different virtualization platforms that you can use, but my own preferred choice is VirtualBox.

VirtualBox is available for Windows, Linux, and Mac hosts, and is free of charge for all of them. It has features that you have to pay for on other platforms, such as the ability to create snapshots of virtual machines. 

Some of the labs that we'll be doing will require you to simulate creating a connection from your host machine to a remote Linux server. If your host machine is either a Linux or a Mac machine, you'll just be able to open the Terminal and use the built-in Secure Shell tools.  If your host machine is running Windows, you'll need to install some sort of Bash shell, which we'll do by installing Cygwin.