前言

随着农业和农村经济的发展，一些深层次的矛盾和问题逐渐显现。农业生产成本不断提高、农民增产不增收、农产品供求不平衡、国内农产品库存不断增加的同时，进口农产品大量涌入中国市场。造成这种现象的一个重要原因就在于我国农产品生产结构不合理，无法契合市场需求的变化；农业生产结构和比较优势背离、农业资源配置不合理，造成农业生产效率低下和生产成本高企。解决这一问题的途径就是调整和优化农业产业结构、产品结构、地区结构；优化农业资源配置，将有限的资源集中到优势产品和优势产业；围绕市场需求进行生产，提高农产品质量，保证产品安全，提升农业竞争力。目前备受关注的农业供给侧结构性改革、农业结构调整实质就是在保证农产品数量充足的基础上，提高农业供给体系的质量和效率，真正生产消费者需要的产品品种，形成结构合理的农产品有效供给体系。

本书以比较优势理论为指导，从国内和省内两个层次研究了吉林省及省内东部、中部、西部九个地级市农产品（主要是种植业产品和畜产品）的规模比较优势、效率比较优势、效益比较优势和综合比较优势。在国内国际双循环视角下，分析吉林省农产品贸易比较优势与竞争力。对吉林省农业生产区域结构进行分析，并进一步对农业产业结构和产品结构进行评价。在此基础上，对吉林省及各地区农产品的相对比较优势和结构进行协调性分析，最后提出了根据比较优势进行农业结构调整和农产品区域布局的途径和策略。主要研究内容和结论如下：

第一，运用综合比较优势指数法，研究了吉林省农产品的规模比较优势、效率比较优势和效益比较优势，研究结果表明，吉林省种植业中玉米、大豆和烤烟具有综合比较优势；水稻、油料、糖料、蔬菜和水果具有综合比较劣势；畜牧业中牛肉和禽肉生产具有综合比较优势，猪肉、羊肉和牛奶生产具有综合比较劣势。

第二，根据吉林省行政区划，将吉林省分为中部包括长春市、吉林市、四平市和辽源市，东部包括通化市、延边州和白山市，西部包括松原市和白城市九个地级市。对各地区农产品比较优势测算的结果表明，2017年水稻生产具有综合比较优势的地区包括长春市、吉林市、白城市和通化市，玉米生产优势地区为中部地区，大豆生产优势地区为东部的延边州和白山市以及中部的吉林市，油料作物优势地区为西部地区，烟叶生产优势地区为东部地区，蔬菜生产东部地区综合比较优势较为明显，瓜果生产具有综合比较优势的地区为西部的松原市和白城市。畜产品生产的区域性非常显著，中部生猪和家禽生产具有综合比较优势，东部肉牛生产具有优势，西部肉羊和牛奶生产具有优势。

第三，对吉林省农业结构的研究表明，吉林省农业产值结构中种植业比重和畜牧业平分秋色，种植业比重略高于畜牧业，林业和渔业比重较低；从就业结构来看，吉林省农业劳动力就业比重较高，但对地区生产总值的贡献率和拉动率较低；种植业产品中经济作物种植比重较低；畜产品中猪肉、禽肉比重较高，牛肉、羊肉、牛奶比重较低。农业结构存在产值结构和就业结构不协调、产品结构不合理、产品地区结构和优势地区分布不一致等问题。通过计量经济模型VAR模型对吉林省农业结构进行定量分析，结果表明，畜牧业对农业总产值的贡献超过了种植业，对种植业也有较强的带动作用，且畜牧业的贡献具有持续性。运用灰色关联分析法评价吉林省农产品结构，结果表明，畜产品产量与农林牧渔总产值的关联度较高。

第四，建立相对比较优势指数和专业化系数的分析框架，对吉林省农产品相对比较优势和结构的协调性进行研究。相对比较优势指数和专业化系数都大于1的农产品包括水稻、玉米、牛肉，其中玉米专业化系数远远高于相对比较优势指数，种植比重偏高；相对比较优势指数和专业化系数都小于1的农产品包括油料、糖料、蔬菜、水果、羊肉、牛奶；相对比较优势指数大于1而专业化系数小于1的农产品包括大豆、烤烟、禽肉；猪肉生产相对比较优势指数小于1而专业化系数大于1。从相对比较优势指数和专业化系数协调的农产品的比例看，各地区比例低于全省。本书总结了吉林省农产品相对比较优势和结构背离的现象并分析了原因。

根据以上的研究，本书提出了吉林省农业结构优化的路径和农产品区域布局的策略。结构调整的重点产品是玉米、大豆、烤烟、猪肉、牛肉，增加优势产品的生产，缩减劣势产品的生产，同时要提高农业产出能力和效率，发展集约经营。根据各地区比较优势的不同进行农产品区域布局。

乡村旅游作为第一、第二、第三产业融合发展的农业新业态，对农业结构优化、农村可持续发展和乡村振兴起到了至关重要的作用。因此，在本书的最后，以国家乡村振兴的政策为指引，分析了吉林省乡村旅游发展促进乡村振兴的作用机制，探析吉林省乡村旅游发展中存在的问题和障碍，包括旅游形式单一、缺乏专业人才和技术支撑、基础设施不完善等。

Preface

With the development of agriculture and rural economy,some contradiction and problems of deep-level emerged.For example,the cost of agricultural production has increased,farmers harvest more crops but the income does not grow,the supply of crops does not match the demand,the stock of agricultural products has kept increasing while the imported agricultural products pack into the domestic market.One of the important reasons is that the agricultural structure is not adjusted according to the market situation,the agricultural resource allocation and the agricultural production are inefficient.The way to solve these problems is focusing the resource on advantageous products and sections,producing according to the market demand,improving the products quality,guarantee food security and enhancing the agricultural competitiveness.The agricultural reform on the supply side proposed recently is essentially to improve the quality and efficiency of agricultural supply system on the basis of sufficiency,to produce the demanded categories and form reasonable agricultural-products-supply system.

The book analyzes the modified comprehensive advantage of agricultural products（mainly crops and husbandry products）of Jilin province and its 9 prefecture-level cities,then further calculates the comparative advantage and competitiveness of agricultural export,researches and evaluates the agricultural structure.On the above basis,the book analyzes the coordination between the advantage and the specialization of the products,then the book concludes the measures to adjust the agricultural structure and to optimize the regional arrangement.The contents and conclusions of the research are as follows.

Firstly,the author uses the MAAI method and calculates the comparative advantage indexes of agricultural products.The corn,bean and tobacco of Jilin province have comprehensive advantage,and the rice,oil plants,sugar crops,vegetables and fruits have disadvantage.The beef and poultry production have advantage,the pork,mutton and milk production have disadvantage.

Secondly,the author analyzes the agricultural comparative advantage in different regions of Jilin province.The book divides Jilin province into three parts,the middle part includes Changchun,Jilin,Siping,and Liaoyuan; the eastern part includes Tonghua,Yanbian,and Baishan; the western part includes Songyuan and Baicheng.The research on the agricultural advantage of the 9 prefecture-level cities shows that the middle region has advantage in the production of corn,fruits,pork,and poultry; the eastern region has advantage in the production of vegetables,bean,tobacco and beef; the western region has advantage in the production of oil plants,sugar crops,mutton and milk.Changchun,Jilin,Baicheng and Tonghua have advantages in the production of rice.

Thirdly,the author analyzes thestructure of agricultural output value and the structure of employment,as well as the distribution of crops and livestock breeding in different areas.Research on the agricultural structure shows that the output value of crop farming is the largest share of the total agricultural output,the output value of husbandry is a bit lower than crop farming,forestry and fishery only accounts for a small part.For the husbandry,the output of pork,poultry and beef are the top three biggest parts respectively,the share of mutton and milk is relatively lower.The output value structure and the employment structure do not match,the region distribution of agricultural products do not coincide with the distribution of comparative advantage.For the planting structure,the percentage of grain crops is higher than that of economi cal plants.With the application of econometric VAR model,the book evaluates the agricultural structure,the result shows that the contribution of husbandry exceeds that of planting,and the the contribution of the former one lasts longer.The author also evaluates the products structure with the method of grey relational analysis,the result shows that husbandry products have higher correlation with agricultural economy than farming products.

Fourthly,the author makes research on the coordination between the comparative advantage and the specialization of agricultural productsusing the method of RMAAI and SI indexes.The result shows that the products of which both RMAAI indexes and SI coefficients are over 1 include rice,corn and beef,the products of which the RMAAI indexes are over 1 while the SI coefficients are below 1 are bean,tobacco and poultry,the products of which both indexes are below 1 include oil plants,sugar crops,vegetables,fruits,mutton and milk.Pork have over-one RMAAI index and below-one SI coefficient.The coordination rate of prefecture cities is lower than the province.The author concludes the deviation status between RMAAI and SI and analyzes the reasons.

On the basis of the above research,the paper proposes the products which should be adjusted are corn,bean,tobacco,pork and beef.The production of advantageous products should be increased and the production of disadvantageous products should be decreased.Meanwhile,the producing efficiency and capacity of agriculture should be improved.Regional distribution should beadjusted according to the regional advantage.

As the new form of the convergence of the three major industries,rural tourismmakes significant contribution to the optimization of agricultural structure,the rural sustainable development,and to the rural revitalization as well.Thus,directed by the rural revitalization policy of the government,the last chapter of the book theoreti cally analyzes the mechanism through which the rural tourism promotes the rural revitalization.The problems and obstacles in the development of rural tourism are discussed,including that the tourism forms are few,the lack of professional talents and technology,and the infrastructure is not fully developed.