第128章 孔乙己的长衫

More Students Are Turning Away from College and Toward Apprenticeships

越来越多的学生放弃大学而转向学徒制

By Douglas Belkin

Last spring Dina Sosa Cruz sat with her parents and sister in the family's living room and reviewed her options: a full academic ride to the University of the District of Columbia， or an apprenticeship in the insurance industry. Her family was unanimous: Take the apprenticeship.

去年春天，迪娜·索萨·克鲁兹与父母和妹妹坐在家中客厅里，慎重考虑着她的选择：是拿着全额奖学金去哥伦比亚特区大学，还是去保险业做学徒。她的家人一致同意：去做学徒。

Family conversations like the one in Ms. Cruz's living room are bubbling up around the country as high-school seniors recalibrate their options. The result has been the acceleration of a shift away from the nation's half-century “college-for-all“ model toward a choice of either college or vocational programs - including apprenticeships.

随着高中毕业生纷纷重新调整他们的选择，像克鲁兹家里发生的这种家庭对话正在全美各地不断涌现。而产生此结果的原因就是，美国半个世纪以来的“全民读大学”模式正加速转变为在读大学与（包括学徒制在内的）职业课程之间进行选择。

Apprenticeship programs are increasing in both number and variety. Programs are expanding into white-collar industries such as banking， cybersecurity and consulting. Apprenticeships take many forms but generally pair students with a course of study focused on a particular occupation and practical work experience under the supervision of a mentor.

学徒制课程的数量和种类都在增加，而且已扩展到银行业、网络安全和咨询等白领产业。学徒制有多种形式，不过通常都是为学生提供聚焦某种特定职业的课程，以及在导师指导下进行的工作实践。

The gap between the number of students going to college and those selecting apprenticeships is closing as many employers are struggling to find workers in the tightest job market. As a result， some employers say a mismatch has developed between the skills employers are seeking and the lessons students are learning in college and university courses.

选择上大学和选择学徒制的学生人数之间的差距正在缩小，与此同时，还是有许多雇主发现自己很难在极其紧俏的就业市场上招到员工。因此，一些雇主表示，他们所需的技能与学生在大学课程中所学内容之间出现了一种错配。

Companies such as Alphabet Inc's Google， Delta Air Lines Inc. and International Business Machines Corp. have responded by dropping college degrees as requirements for some positions and shifting hiring to focus more on skills and experience.

Alphabet公司旗下的谷歌、达美航空和IBM等公司已对此做出回应，它们取消了对一些职位的大学学历要求，并在招聘中更加关注求职者的能力和经验。