小学英语国际音标教程
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Unit 1 Target Sounds元音音素(I)
——单元音

Lesson 1 [i:] [ɪ]

/iː/前元音

舌尖抵下齿,双唇扁平做微笑状,发出从[I]到[j]的过程。是字母及字母组合e、ea、ee、ey、ie或ei在单词中的发音,这个音是“长”元音,一定注意把音发足,发出过程感。

Listen and read.

More words with /iː/

feet /fiːt/脚

seed /siːd/种子

tree/triː/树

seal/siːl/海豹

peanut /ˈpiːnʌt/花生

key /kiː/钥匙

relief/rɪˈliːf/安慰

piece/piːs/件

thief /θiːf/小偷

receive /rɪˈsiːv/收到

seize /siːz/抓住

peel /piːl/皮

/ɪ/前元音

舌抵下齿,双唇扁平分开,牙床近于全舌,发短促之“一”音。是字母i、e、u在单词中的发音,发此音要短促而轻快。

Listen and read.

More words with /ɪ/

lid /lɪd/盖子

busy /ˈbɪzi/忙碌的

six /sɪks/六

film /fɪlm/电影

trip /trɪp/旅行

sister /ˈsɪstə(r)/姐妹

big /bɪg/大的

1 Listen and write.

(1)m_ _ t

(2)k_ d

(3)lett_ce

(4)f_ _ ld

(5)pr _tty

(6)k_ _ board

2 Listen and circle.

(1)key[iː] [ɪ]

(2)swim[iː] [ɪ]

(3)trip[iː] [ɪ]

(4)fish[iː] [ɪ]

(5)sea[iː] [ɪ]

(6)peanut[iː] [ɪ]

(7)pig[iː] [ɪ]

(8)sister[iː] [ɪ]

3 Read and spell.

(1)/ˈlɪd/______

(2)/biː/______

(3)/kɪd/______

(4)/trɪp/______

(5)/sɪks/______

(6)/ˈpiːnʌt/______

(7)/miːt/______

(8)/ˈkiːbɔːd/______

4 Read along.

The kid has a key.

The kid has a pig.

The bee makes honey.

The honey is sweet.

Lesson 2 [æ][e]

/æ/前元音

嘴角向两侧打开,舌尖抵住下龈,软腭升起,唇自然开放。是字母a在单词中的发音。

Listen and read.

More words with /æ/

rack /ræk/架子

apple/ˈæpl/苹果

axe/æks/斧头

camera /ˈkæmərə/照相机

gap /ɡæp/缺口

daddy/ˈdædi/爸爸

mat/mæt/垫子

bamboo /ˌbæmˈbuː/竹子

map /mæp/地图

snack/snæk/点心

band /bænd/乐队

factory /ˈfæktri/工厂

/e/前元音

舌近硬腭,舌尖顶下齿,牙床半开半合,做微笑状。是字母及字母组合e、a、ai、ay、ie、ea在单词中的发音。

Listen and read.

More words with /e/

leg/leɡ/腿

breakfast/ˈbrekfəst/早餐

pen/pen/钢笔

feather/ˈfeðə(r)/羽毛

bed/bed/床

sweater/ˈswetə(r)/毛线衣

hen/hen/母鸡

says/sez/说(第三人称单数)

sell/sel/卖

weather/ˈweðə(r)/天气

said/sed/说,讲

vegetable/ˈvedʒtəbl/蔬菜

1 Listen and write.

(1)r_ t

(2)_lligator

(3)h_ _ d

(4)r _d

(5)b _g

(6)_gg

2 Listen and circle.

(1)bed[æ] [e]

(2)weather [æ] [e]

(3)any[æ] [e]

(4)apple[æ] [e]

(5)feather[æ] [e]

(6)leg[æ] [e]

(7)breakfast[æ] [e]

(8)camera [æ] [e]

3 Read and spell.

(1)/hen/______

(2)/ˈbrekfəst/______

(3)/leɡ/______

(4)/ˈdædi/______

(5)/sed/______

(6)/bæɡ/______

(7)/ˈweðə(r)/______

(8)/ˈkæmərə/______

4 Read along.

The cat is on the mat.

The cat has a piece of bread.

The pan is black and red.

The fan is on the mat.

Lesson 3 [ɑː] [ʌ]

/ɑː/后元音

双唇张而不圆,牙床大开,舌后微升,舌尖向后升缩微离下齿,发“阿”之长音(英美发音有别)。是字母及字母组合a、ar、au在单词中的发音。

Listen and read.

More words with /ɑː/

ask/ɑːsk/询问

barn/bɑːn/谷仓

jar/dʒɑː(r)/罐子

bark/bɑːk/狗叫

glass/ɡlɑːs/玻璃

ask/ɑːsk/询问

dark/dɑːk/黑暗的

hard/hɑːd/硬的

party/ˈpɑːti/党派

aunt/ɑːnt/阿姨

arm/ɑːm/手臂

grass /graːs/草

/ʌ/后元音

唇平放,牙床半开,舌尖抵住下龈,舌的中部微微向硬腭抬起,发短促之“阿”音。是字母及字母组合o、u、ou、oo在单词中的发音。

Listen and read.

More words with /ʌ/

enough/ɪˈnʌf/足够

cup/kʌp/杯子

mother/ˈmʌðə(r)/母亲

rug/rʌɡ/小地毯

colour/ˈkʌlə(r)/颜色

jump/dʒʌmp/跳跃

scrub/skrʌb/擦洗

but/bʌt/但是

young/jʌŋ/年轻的

dust/dʌst/灰尘

jungle/ˈdʒʌŋɡl/丛林

son /sʌʌ/儿子

1 Listen and circle.

(1)enough[ɑː] [ʌ]

(2)father[ɑː] [ʌ]

(3)party[ɑː] [ʌ]

(4)young[ɑː] [ʌ]

(5)dust[ɑː] [ʌ]

(6)aunt[ɑː] [ʌ]

(7)mother[ɑː] [ʌ]

(8)touch[ɑː] [ʌ]

2 Read and spell.

(1)/ˈɡɑːdn/______

(2)/ˈmʌni/______

(3)/lɑːf/______

(4)/kʌp/______

(5)/dʒʌmp/______

(6)/ɡlɑːs/______

(7)/ˈmʌðə(r)/______

(8)/ɑːnt/______

3 Find and circle.

4 Read along.

The bug is on the cup.

The two bugs hug.

The farmer has strong arms.

He grows corn on the farm.

Lesson 4 [ɜː] [ə]

/ɜː/中元音

发音时,舌的中部微微隆起,口半开半闭,发出类似“厄”的长音。(美式发音中要读成卷舌的儿化音。)是字母组合er、ir、or、ur及ear在单词中的发音。

Listen and read.

More words with /ɜː/

birthday/ˈbɜːθdeɪ/生日

shirt/ʃɜːt/衬衫

certain/ˈsɜːtn/确定

sir/sɜː(r)/先生

purple/ˈpɜːpl/紫色的

purse/pɜːs/钱包

dirty/ˈdɜːti/肮脏的

work/wɜːk/工作

dessert/dɪˈzɜːt/甜点

church/tʃɜːtʃ/教堂

term/tɜːm/学期

pearl/pɜːl/珍珠

/ə/中元音

舌上抬,嘴唇成自然状态,口半开半闭,发“厄”之短音。是字母及字母组合a、o、u、ar、er、or在单词中的发音。

Listen and read.

More words with /ə/

driver/ˈdrəɪvə/司机

actor/ˈæktə(r)/演员

inventor/ɪnˈventə(r)/发明家

umbrella/ʌmˈbrelə/雨伞

ago/əˈɡəʊ/以前

visitor/ˈvɪzɪtə(r)/参观者

order/ˈɔːdə(r)/命令

today/təˈdeɪ/今天

breakfast/ˈbrekfəst/早餐

pilot/ˈpaɪlət/飞行员

about/əˈbaʊt/大约

circus/ˈsɜːkəs/马戏团

1 Listen and circle.

(1)umbrella[ɜː] [ə]

(2)order[ɜː] [ə]

(3)inventor[ɜː] [ə]

(4)breakfast[ɜː] [ə]

(5)birthday[ɜː] [ə]

(6)certain[ɜː] [ə]

(7)pilot[ɜː] [ə]

(8)shirt[ɜː] [ə]

2 Read and spell.

(1)/ˈdɒktə(r)/______

(2)/ˈæktə(r)/______

(3)/ˈkæmpəs/______

(4)/ˈpɜːpl/______

(5)/pɜːs/______

(6)/sɜː(ɾ)/______

(7)/skɜːt/______

(8)/ʌmˈbrelə/______

3 Listen and write.

(1)camp __s

(2)comput_ _

(3)pil__ t

(4)_ _ _th

(5)g _ _l

(6)lett_ _

(7)n _ _vous

(8)f_ _

4 Read along.

The famous star in a skirt sees a bird under the tree.

The doctor with a purse sees a turtle by the rock.

Lesson 5 [ɔː] [ɒ]

/ɔː/后元音

双唇介于开闭、圆唇之间,牙床半开渐至全开,舌尖卷上再过渡为卷后。是字母及字母组合a、or、al、au、aw、our或oor在单词中的发音(英美发音有别)。

Listen and read.

More words with /ɔː/

cork/kɔːk/软木塞

fork/fɔːk/餐叉

door/dɔː(r)/门

sport/spːt/运动

author/ˈɔːθə(r)/作者

north/nɔːθ/北方

mall/mɔːl/商场

course/kɔːs/课程

daughter/ˈdɔːtə(r)/女儿

corn/kɔːn/谷物

draw/drɔː/画

lawn/ɔːn/草地

/ɒ/后元音

双唇稍微向外突出呈圆形,舌后升起,舌尖不触下齿,发“奥”音。是字母o、a在单词中的发音。

Listen and read.

More words with /ɒ/

coffee/ˈkɒfi/咖啡

frog/frɒɡ/青蛙

cost/kɒst/费用

god/ɡɒd/神

boss/bɒs/老板

pot/pɒt/盆

hot/hɒt/热的

jog/dʒɒɡ/慢跑

copper/ˈkɒpə(r)/铜

knock/nɒk/敲击

nod/nɒd/点头

mop/mɒp/拖把

1 Listen and write.

(1)c _p

(2)f_ _ _

(3)_ _ tumn

(4)l_ g

(5)w _tch

(6)l_ _

(7)w_ sh

(8)b_ ll

2 Listen and circle.

(1)box[ɔː] [ɒ]

(2)office[ɔː] [ɒ]

(3)proper[ɔː] [ɒ]

(4)autumn[ɔː] [ɒ]

(5)dawn[ɔː] [ɒ]

(6)jog[ɔː] [ɒ]

(7)knock[ɔː] [ɒ]

(8)floor[ɔː] [ɒ]

3 Read and spell.

(1)/ˈkɒfi/______

(2)/hɔːs/______

(3)/dɔː(r)/______

(4)/mɔːl/______

(5)/frɒg/______

(6)/kɔːn/______

(7)/ˈkɒpə(r)/______

(8)/kɒp/______

4 Read along.

The fox hops on the box.

The dog hops on the log.

The farmer has strong arms.

The horse has four legs.

Lesson 6 [uː] [ʊ]

/uː/后元音

双唇呈圆形,牙床近于半合,舌尖不触下齿,自然而不用力,发类似于汉语中“屋”至“窝”之长音。是字母及字母组合o、u、oo、oe、ou、ue、ui在单词中的发音。

Listen and read.

More words with /uː/

fool/fuːl/傻瓜

zoo/zuː/动物园

fruit/fruːt/水果

school/skuːl/学校

Luke/lu:k/卢克(男子名)

food/fuːd/食物

truth/truːθ/真理

moon/muːn/月亮

pool/puːl/水塘

spoon/spuːn/勺

goose/ɡuːs/鹅

do /duː/做

/ʊ/后元音

双唇呈圆形,牙床近于半合,舌尖不触下齿,自然而不用力,发短促之“屋”音。是字母及字母组合u、o、oo、oul在单词中的发音。

Listen and read.

More words with /ʊ/

wood/wʊd/木材

woman/ˈwʊmən/妇女

cookie/ˈkʊki/饼干

full/fʊl/满的

hook/hʊk/挂钩

pull/pʊl/拉

brook/brʊk/溪

bush/bʊʃ/灌木

sugar/ˈʃʊɡə(r)/糖

butcher/ˈbʊtʃə(r)/屠夫

cook/kʊk/烹调

should/ʃud/应该

1 Listen and write.

(1)r_ ler

(2)w_ lf

(3)g_ _ d

(4)bl_ _

(5)p _sh

(6)sh_ _

2 Listen and circle.

(1)foot[uː] [ʊ]

(2)pool[uː] [ʊ]

(3)rule[uː] [ʊ]

(4)sugar[uː] [ʊ]

(5)group[uː] [ʊ]

(6)blue[uː] [ʊ]

(7)push[uː] [ʊ]

(8)butcher[uː] [ʊ]

3 Read and spell.

(1)/ʃuː/______

(2)/ˈwʊmən/______

(3)/ˈʃʊɡə(r)/______

(4)/fruːt/______

(5)/wʊlf/______

(6)/ˈkʊki/______

(7)/fuːd/______

(8)/ɡuːs/______

4 Read along.

The cook looks for a cookbook.

The cook looks for a spoon.

Luke looks for a pool.

Luke looks for a rule.

Review 1 Monophthong单元音

1 Listen and circle.

A. field

B. film

C. head

A. fat

B. bath

C. bus

A. shirt

B. store

C. floor

A. frog

B. clue

C. could

2 Listen and write.

/ˈprɪti/______

/ˈkiːbɔːd/______

/ˈælɪɡeɪtə(r)/______

/dʒuːs/______

/tʌtʃ/______

/ˈkæmpəs/______

/wɒtʃ/______

/hɒp/______

3 Form the words by using the correct letters from the box.

(1)m_ vie

(2)butch_ _

(3)h _ll

(4)w_ sh

(5)b_ d

(6)driv_ _

(7)_ _ nt

(8)tr_ _ le

9)sweat_ _

(10)f _ctory

o a ir er au a er ou er a

4 Listen and tick the sounds you hear in the words.

(1)cookie[uː] [ʊ]

(2)office[ɔː] [ɒ]

(3)purse[ɜː] [ə]

(4)mother[ɑː] [ʌ]

(5)apple[æ] [e]

(6)thief[iː] [i]