Ⅰ.Constitutional Law
State Organs
Decision of the National People's Congress on Revision of the Electoral Law of the National People's Congress and Local People's Congresses of the People's Republic of China
(Adopted at the Third Session of the Eleventh National People's Congress on March 14，2010，promulgated by Order No．27 of the President of the People's Republic of China On March 14，2010，and effective as of the date of promulgation)
At its Third Session，the Eleventh National People's Congress decided to make the following amendments to the Law of the People's Republic of China on Deputies to the National People's Congress and to the Local People's Congresses at Various Levels:
1．The first paragraph of Article 6 is revised to read，“Deputies to the National People's Congress and local people's congresses shall be broad-based and shall comprise an appropriate number of grass-roots deputies，especially workers，farmers and intellectuals; deputies shall comprise of an appropriate number of women，who shall account for an increasingly larger percentage．”
2．Article 8 is changed to be Article 7 and revised to read，“The electoral expense of the National People's Congress and local people's congresses shall be included in the fiscal budget and shall be borne by the National Treasury．”
3．One article is added as Article 9，which reads，“Members of the election committees of cities not divided into districts，municipal districts，counties and autonomous counties shall be appointed by the Standing Committee of the People's Congress at the same level．Members of the election committees of townships，ethnic townships and towns shall be appointed by the Standing Committee of the People's Congress of the cities not divided into districts，municipal districts，counties and autonomous counties．
“Election committee members who are deputy candidates shall resign from the election committee．”
4．One article is added as Article 10，which reads，“Election committees shall perform the following duties:
“(1) Dividing electoral districts where deputies to people's congress at the same level are to be elected，and allocating the number of deputies for each electoral district;
“(2) Administering voter registration，examining voters' qualifications and releasing voter lists; and receiving and handling claims of different opinions on the voter lists and making decisions accordingly;
“(3) Determining election dates;
“(4) Seeking and verifying information on deputy candidates and arranging for candidates to introduce themselves; determining and releasing formally the lists of deputy candidates;
“(5) Presiding over the voting;
“(6) Determining the validity of elections and releasing lists of deputies elected; and
“(7) Other duties as provided for by the Law．
“The election committee shall release election information in a timely manner．”
5．Article 9 is changed to be Article 11，and subparagraph (4) of the first paragraph is revised to read，“The basic number of deputies for townships，ethnic townships and towns is 40 and an additional deputy may be added for every 1，500 people; however，the total number of deputies shall be no more than 160．The number of deputies may be less than 40 for those administrative jurisdictions with a population of less than 2，000．”
6．Articles 12，13 and 14 are merged to be Article 14 and revised to read，“The standing committee of a people's congress or the election committee at the same level shall determine the distribution of the number of deputies of local people's congresses according to the population of lower administrative divisions or electoral districts in its jurisdiction based on the principle that each deputy represents the same number of urban and rural residents and ensuring that each region，ethic group，and body of people has an appropriate number of deputies．Townships，ethnic townships and towns with extremely small populations shall have at least one deputy in the people's congress of a county or autonomous county．
“The method for distributing the number of deputies of a local people's congress shall be decided by the standing committee of the people's congress of a province，autonomous region，or municipality directly under the Central Government by referring to the method for distributing the number of deputies of the National People's Congress and in light of the particular local conditions．”
7．The provision in the second paragraph of Article 15 which reads that“The Standing Committee of the National People's Congress shall determine the distribution of the number of deputies according to the specific situation”is moved to Article 16，and Article 16 is revised to read，“The Standing Committee of the National People's Congress shall determine the distribution of the number of deputies according to the population of each province，autonomous region，and municipality directly under the Central Government based on the principle that each deputy represents the same number of urban and rural residents and ensuring that each region，ethic group，and body of people has an appropriate number of deputies．
“The number of National People's Congress deputies of a province，autonomous region，or municipality directly under the Central Government to be elected shall comprise the number calculated based on the population，the equal base number and other numbers of deputies to be elected．
“The Standing Committee of the National People's Congress shall determine specifically the distribution of the number of National People's Congress deputies．”
8．Article 25 is revised to read，“Each deputy of an electoral district in the same administrative region shall represent an approximately equal number of people．”
9．Article 28 is revised to read，“Those who disagree with the voter list released may file a claim with the election committee within five days from the date the voter list is released．The election committee shall make a decision as to how to deal with a claim within three days．If an appellant disagrees with the decision，he or she may file a claim with the people's court five days prior to the Election Day，and the people's court shall produce a ruling before the Election Day．The ruling of the people's court is final．”
10．The second paragraph of Article 29 is revised to read，“Each party or people's organization may jointly or individually recommend deputy candidates．More than ten voters or deputies may also jointly recommend deputy candidates．Recommenders shall introduce the deputy candidates to the election committee or the presidium of the people's congress．Deputy candidates who accept the recommendation shall provide the election committee or the presidium of the people's congress with his or her true identification，CV and other basic information．If the information provided is untruthful，the election committee or the presidium of the people's congress shall circulate the matter among the voters or deputies．”
One paragraph is added as the third paragraph，which reads，“The number of deputy candidates recommended jointly or individually by parties and people's organizations or the number of deputy candidates recommended jointly by voters or deputies shall not exceed the number of deputies to be elected for the electoral district or electoral unit．”
11．Article 30 is revised to read，“The national and local people's congresses shall adopt a multi-candidate election practice，i．e．the number of deputy candidates shall be greater than the number of deputies to be elected．
“Where electors directly elect deputies for the people's congress，the number of deputy candidates shall be 1．3 or two times the number of deputies to be elected．Where the people's congress at or above the county level elects deputies for the people's congress at the next higher level，the number of deputy candidates shall be 1．2 or 1．5 times the number of deputies to be elected．”
12．Article 31 is revised to read，“Where voters directly elect deputies for a people's congress，the deputy candidates shall be recommended through nomination by voters，parties，and people's organizations．After consolidation，the election committee shall，15 days prior to the Election Day，release the list of deputy candidates and their profiles and pass the list over to the electors in the electoral district for discussion and negotiation to determine the final deputy candidate list．If the number of nominated deputy candidates exceeds the maximum difference ratio as provided in Article 30 of this Law，the election committee shall present the matter to the groups of electors of various electoral districts for discussion and negotiation．The final deputy candidate list shall be determined based on the opinions of the majority of electors．If consensus fails to be reached on the final deputy candidate list，a primary election shall be held．The final deputy candidate list shall be determined according to the number of votes they each receive．The final deputy candidate list and their profiles shall be released seven days prior to the Election Day．
“When local people's congresses at or above the county level elects deputies for the people's congress at the next higher level，the time spent on nomination and deliberation of the deputies shall be no less than two days．The presidiums of the said local people's congresses shall distribute printouts of the lawfully proposed deputy list and their profiles to all deputies for deliberation and discussion．If the number of proposed deputy candidates conforms to the difference ratio as provided in Article 30 of this Law，election may be held directly．If the number of nominated deputy candidates exceeds the maximum difference ratio as provided in Article 30 of this Law，a primary election shall be held．The final deputy candidate list shall be determined according to the number of votes they each receives during the primary election，in accordance with the election measures of the people's congress at that level and based on the specific difference ratio as provided by this Law．An election shall then be held．”
13．Article 33 is revised to read，“The election committee or the presidium of a people's congress shall introduce deputy candidates to electors or deputies．Those parties，people's organizations or deputies that have recommended deputy candidates may introduce the recommended deputy candidates at elector group or deputy group meetings．Upon the request of electors，the election committee shall arrange deputy candidates to meet with electors，and deputy candidates shall introduce themselves and answer questions from electors．However，the introduction of deputy candidates must cease on the Election Day．”
14．One article is added as Article 34，which reads，“The election of deputies to the National People's Congress and local people's congresses shall strictly follow statutory procedures and be subject to supervision．No organization or individual shall，by any means，interfere with electors or deputies in freely exercising their rights to vote．”
15．Article 34 is divided into Article 35 and Article 36，which are revised to read，Article 35:“When electors directly elect deputies for a people's congress，they shall collect their ballots by presenting their identification cards or elector certificates in accordance with the provisions of the election committee．”
Article 36:“The election committee shall set up voting stations according to voter distribution and based on the principle of allowing voters to vote with ease and proceed with the election．In places where electors are concentrated，election conventions may be held．Those electors who are disabled due to illness or inhabit in remote areas with limited access to transportation facilities may cast their ballots at mobile voting boxes．”
16．Article 36 is changed to be Article 38，and the first paragraph is revised to read，“The election of deputies to the National People's Congress and local people's congresses shall be carried out using secret ballots with no exceptions．Facilities for confidential ballot writing shall be provided during the election．”
17．Article 38 is changed to be Article 40 and revised to read，“If an elector is not available during the election，he or she may entrust in writing another elector to vote on his or her behalf upon approval of the election committee．Each elector may be entrusted to vote for no more than three people and shall vote according to the intention of the entrusting elector．”
18．Article 39 is changed to be Article 41，and one paragraph is added as the second paragraph，which reads，“Family members of deputy candidates shall not serve as scrutineers or counters of ballots．”
19．One article is added as Article 45，which reads，“No citizen may act simultaneously as a deputy for the people's congresses of two administrative divisions without affiliating relationships．”
20．Article 46 is changed to be Article 49 and revised to read，“Secret ballots shall be adopted for dismissing a deputy．”
21．Article 47 is changed to be Article 50，and the second paragraph is revised to read，“The dismissal of a deputy elected by a local people's congress above the county level shall be passed by more than half of the deputies to the people's congress．When the people's congress is not in session，it shall be passed by more than half of the members of the standing committee．The dismissing resolution shall be submitted to the standing committee of the people's congress at the next higher level for the record and be announced．”
22．Article 49 is changed to be Article 52 and revised to read，“Deputies to the National People's Congress or the people's congress of a province，autonomous region，or municipality directly under the central government，a city divided into districts or autonomous prefecture may submit a letter of resignation in writing to the standing committee of the people's congress that elected the deputy．If the standing committee is to accept the resignation，it shall be passed by more than half of the standing committee members．The resolution accepting the resignation shall be submitted to the standing committee of the people's congress at the next higher level for the record and be announced．
“A deputy to a people's congress at the county level may submit a letter of resignation in writing to the standing committee of the people's congress at the same level; a deputy to a people's congress at the township level may submit a letter of resignation in writing to the people's congress at the same level．If the standing committee of a people's congress at the county level is to accept the resignation，it shall be passed by more than half of the standing committee members．If the people's congress of the township level is to accept the resignation，it shall be passed by more than half of the deputies to the people's congress．If the resignation is accepted，it shall be announced．”
23．One article is added as Article 56，which reads，“In the event institutions presiding over an election discover disruptions to the election or receive a report on such disruptions，it shall investigate and deal with the disruptions in accordance with the law in a timely manner．If legal liability need be investigated，the relevant cases shall be handed over to the relevant authorities．”
In addition，a new chapter title“Chapter Ⅱ Election Institutions”is added，the title of Chapter Ⅸ is revised to be“Supervision，Dismissal，Resignation，and By-Elections of Deputies”，and the order of chapters and articles shall be rearranged correspondingly．
This Decision shall go into effect as of the date of promulgation．
The Electoral Law of the National People's Congress and Local People's Congresses of the People's Republic of China shall be revised in accordance with this Decision，and the Law shall be promulgated anew．
中华人民共和国全国人民代表大会和地方各级人民代表大会选举法
(1979年7月1日第五届全国人民代表大会第二次会议通过根据1982年12月10日第五届全国人民代表大会第五次会议《关于修改〈中华人民共和国全国人民代表大会和地方各级人民代表大会选举法〉的若干规定的决议》第一次修正 根据1986年12月2日第六届全国人民代表大会常务委员会第十八次会议《关于修改〈中华人民共和国全国人民代表大会和地方各级人民代表大会选举法〉的决定》第二次修正 根据1995年2月28日第八届全国人民代表大会常务委员会第十二次会议《关于修改〈中华人民共和国全国人民代表大会和地方各级人民代表大会选举法〉的决定》第三次修正 根据2004年10月27日第十届全国人民代表大会常务委员会第十二次会议《关于修改〈中华人民共和国全国人民代表大会和地方各级人民代表大会选举法〉的决定》第四次修正根据2010年3月14日第十一届全国人民代表大会第三次会议《关于修改〈中华人民共和国全国人民代表大会和地方各级人民代表大会选举法〉的决定》第五次修正)
目 录
第一章 总 则
第二章 选举机构
第三章 地方各级人民代表大会代表名额
第四章 全国人民代表大会代表名额
第五章 各少数民族的选举
第六章 选区划分
第七章 选民登记
第八章 代表候选人的提出
第九章 选举程序
第十章 对代表的监督和罢免、辞职、补选
第十一章 对破坏选举的制裁
第十二章 附 则
第一章 总 则
第一条 根据中华人民共和国宪法，制定全国人民代表大会和地方各级人民代表大会选举法。
第二条 全国人民代表大会的代表，省、自治区、直辖市、设区的市、自治州的人民代表大会的代表，由下一级人民代表大会选举。
不设区的市、市辖区、县、自治县、乡、民族乡、镇的人民代表大会的代表，由选民直接选举。
第三条 中华人民共和国年满十八周岁的公民，不分民族、种族、性别、职业、家庭出身、宗教信仰、教育程度、财产状况和居住期限，都有选举权和被选举权。
依照法律被剥夺政治权利的人没有选举权和被选举权。
第四条 每一选民在一次选举中只有一个投票权。
第五条 人民解放军单独进行选举，选举办法另订。
第六条 全国人民代表大会和地方各级人民代表大会的代表应当具有广泛的代表性，应当有适当数量的基层代表，特别是工人、农民和知识分子代表;应当有适当数量的妇女代表，并逐步提高妇女代表的比例。
全国人民代表大会和归侨人数较多地区的地方人民代表大会，应当有适当名额的归侨代表。
旅居国外的中华人民共和国公民在县级以下人民代表大会代表选举期间在国内的，可以参加原籍地或者出国前居住地的选举。
第七条 全国人民代表大会和地方各级人民代表大会的选举经费，列入财政预算，由国库开支。
第二章 选举机构
第八条 全国人民代表大会常务委员会主持全国人民代表大会代表的选举。省、自治区、直辖市、设区的市、自治州的人民代表大会常务委员会主持本级人民代表大会代表的选举。
不设区的市、市辖区、县、自治县、乡、民族乡、镇设立选举委员会，主持本级人民代表大会代表的选举。不设区的市、市辖区、县、自治县的选举委员会受本级人民代表大会常务委员会的领导。乡、民族乡、镇的选举委员会受不设区的市、市辖区、县、自治县的人民代表大会常务委员会的领导。
省、自治区、直辖市、设区的市、自治州的人民代表大会常务委员会指导本行政区域内县级以下人民代表大会代表的选举工作。
第九条 不设区的市、市辖区、县、自治县的选举委员会的组成人员由本级人民代表大会常务委员会任命。乡、民族乡、镇的选举委员会的组成人员由不设区的市、市辖区、县、自治县的人民代表大会常务委员会任命。
选举委员会的组成人员为代表候选人的，应当辞去选举委员会的职务。
第十条 选举委员会履行下列职责:
(一)划分选举本级人民代表大会代表的选区，分配各选区应选代表的名额;
(二)进行选民登记，审查选民资格，公布选民名单;受理对于选民名单不同意见的申诉，并作出决定;
(三)确定选举日期;
(四)了解核实并组织介绍代表候选人的情况;根据较多数选民的意见，确定和公布正式代表候选人名单;
(五)主持投票选举;
(六)确定选举结果是否有效，公布当选代表名单;
(七)法律规定的其他职责。
选举委员会应当及时公布选举信息。
第三章 地方各级人民代表大会代表名额
第十一条 地方各级人民代表大会的代表名额，按照下列规定确定:
(一)省、自治区、直辖市的代表名额基数为三百五十名，省、自治区每十五万人可以增加一名代表，直辖市每二万五千人可以增加一名代表;但是，代表总名额不得超过一千名;
(二)设区的市、自治州的代表名额基数为二百四十名，每二万五千人可以增加一名代表;人口超过一千万的，代表总名额不得超过六百五十名;
(三)不设区的市、市辖区、县、自治县的代表名额基数为一百二十名，每五千人可以增加一名代表;人口超过一百六十五万的，代表总名额不得超过四百五十名;人口不足五万的，代表总名额可以少于一百二十名;
(四)乡、民族乡、镇的代表名额基数为四十名，每一千五百人可以增加一名代表;但是，代表总名额不得超过一百六十名;人口不足二千的，代表总名额可以少于四十名。
按照前款规定的地方各级人民代表大会的代表名额基数与按人口数增加的代表数相加，即为地方各级人民代表大会的代表总名额。
自治区、聚居的少数民族多的省，经全国人民代表大会常务委员会决定，代表名额可以另加百分之五。聚居的少数民族多或者人口居住分散的县、自治县、乡、民族乡，经省、自治区、直辖市的人民代表大会常务委员会决定，代表名额可以另加百分之五。
第十二条 省、自治区、直辖市的人民代表大会代表的具体名额，由全国人民代表大会常务委员会依照本法确定。设区的市、自治州和县级的人民代表大会代表的具体名额，由省、自治区、直辖市的人民代表大会常务委员会依照本法确定，报全国人民代表大会常务委员会备案。乡级的人民代表大会代表的具体名额，由县级的人民代表大会常务委员会依照本法确定，报上一级人民代表大会常务委员会备案。
第十三条 地方各级人民代表大会的代表总名额经确定后，不再变动。如果由于行政区划变动或者由于重大工程建设等原因造成人口较大变动的，该级人民代表大会的代表总名额依照本法的规定重新确定。
第十四条 地方各级人民代表大会代表名额，由本级人民代表大会常务委员会或者本级选举委员会根据本行政区域所辖的下一级各行政区域或者各选区的人口数，按照每一代表所代表的城乡人口数相同的原则，以及保证各地区、各民族、各方面都有适当数量代表的要求进行分配。在县、自治县的人民代表大会中，人口特少的乡、民族乡、镇，至少应有代表一人。
地方各级人民代表大会代表名额的分配办法，由省、自治区、直辖市人民代表大会常务委员会参照全国人民代表大会代表名额分配的办法，结合本地区的具体情况规定。
第四章 全国人民代表大会代表名额
第十五条 全国人民代表大会的代表，由省、自治区、直辖市的人民代表大会和人民解放军选举产生。
全国人民代表大会代表的名额不超过三千人。
香港特别行政区、澳门特别行政区应选全国人民代表大会代表的名额和代表产生办法，由全国人民代表大会另行规定。
第十六条 全国人民代表大会代表名额，由全国人民代表大会常务委员会根据各省、自治区、直辖市的人口数，按照每一代表所代表的城乡人口数相同的原则，以及保证各地区、各民族、各方面都有适当数量代表的要求进行分配。
省、自治区、直辖市应选全国人民代表大会代表名额，由根据人口数计算确定的名额数、相同的地区基本名额数和其他应选名额数构成。
全国人民代表大会代表名额的具体分配，由全国人民代表大会常务委员会决定。
第十七条 全国少数民族应选全国人民代表大会代表，由全国人民代表大会常务委员会参照各少数民族的人口数和分布等情况，分配给各省、自治区、直辖市的人民代表大会选出。人口特少的民族，至少应有代表一人。
第五章 各少数民族的选举
第十八条 有少数民族聚居的地方，每一聚居的少数民族都应有代表参加当地的人民代表大会。
聚居境内同一少数民族的总人口数占境内总人口数百分之三十以上的，每一代表所代表的人口数应相当于当地人民代表大会每一代表所代表的人口数。
聚居境内同一少数民族的总人口数不足境内总人口数百分之十五的，每一代表所代表的人口数可以适当少于当地人民代表大会每一代表所代表的人口数，但不得少于二分之一;实行区域自治的民族人口特少的自治县，经省、自治区的人民代表大会常务委员会决定，可以少于二分之一。人口特少的其他聚居民族，至少应有代表一人。
聚居境内同一少数民族的总人口数占境内总人口数百分之十五以上、不足百分之三十的，每一代表所代表的人口数，可以适当少于当地人民代表大会每一代表所代表的人口数，但分配给该少数民族的应选代表名额不得超过代表总名额的百分之三十。
第十九条 自治区、自治州、自治县和有少数民族聚居的乡、民族乡、镇的人民代表大会，对于聚居在境内的其他少数民族和汉族代表的选举，适用本法第十八条的规定。
第二十条 散居的少数民族应选当地人民代表大会的代表，每一代表所代表的人口数可以少于当地人民代表大会每一代表所代表的人口数。
自治区、自治州、自治县和有少数民族聚居的乡、民族乡、镇的人民代表大会，对于散居的其他少数民族和汉族代表的选举，适用前款的规定。
第二十一条 有少数民族聚居的不设区的市、市辖区、县、乡、民族乡、镇的人民代表大会代表的产生，按照当地的民族关系和居住状况，各少数民族选民可以单独选举或者联合选举。
自治县和有少数民族聚居的乡、民族乡、镇的人民代表大会，对于居住在境内的其他少数民族和汉族代表的选举办法，适用前款的规定。
第二十二条 自治区、自治州、自治县制定或者公布的选举文件、选民名单、选民证、代表候选人名单、代表当选证书和选举委员会的印章等，都应当同时使用当地通用的民族文字。
第二十三条 少数民族选举的其他事项，参照本法有关各条的规定办理。
第六章 选区划分
第二十四条 不设区的市、市辖区、县、自治县、乡、民族乡、镇的人民代表大会的代表名额分配到选区，按选区进行选举。选区可以按居住状况划分，也可以按生产单位、事业单位、工作单位划分。
选区的大小，按照每一选区选一名至三名代表划分。
第二十五条 本行政区域内各选区每一代表所代表的人口数应当大体相等。
第七章 选民登记
第二十六条 选民登记按选区进行，经登记确认的选民资格长期有效。每次选举前对上次选民登记以后新满十八周岁的、被剥夺政治权利期满后恢复政治权利的选民，予以登记。对选民经登记后迁出原选区的，列入新迁入的选区的选民名单;对死亡的和依照法律被剥夺政治权利的人，从选民名单上除名。
精神病患者不能行使选举权利的，经选举委员会确认，不列入选民名单。
第二十七条 选民名单应在选举日的二十日以前公布，实行凭选民证参加投票选举的，并应当发给选民证。
第二十八条 对于公布的选民名单有不同意见的，可以在选民名单公布之日起五日内向选举委员会提出申诉。选举委员会对申诉意见，应在三日内作出处理决定。申诉人如果对处理决定不服，可以在选举日的五日以前向人民法院起诉，人民法院应在选举日以前作出判决。人民法院的判决为最后决定。
第八章 代表候选人的提出
第二十九条 全国和地方各级人民代表大会的代表候选人，按选区或者选举单位提名产生。
各政党、各人民团体，可以联合或者单独推荐代表候选人。选民或者代表，十人以上联名，也可以推荐代表候选人。推荐者应向选举委员会或者大会主席团介绍代表候选人的情况。接受推荐的代表候选人应当向选举委员会或者大会主席团如实提供个人身份、简历等基本情况。提供的基本情况不实的，选举委员会或者大会主席团应当向选民或者代表通报。
各政党、各人民团体联合或者单独推荐的代表候选人的人数，每一选民或者代表参加联名推荐的代表候选人的人数，均不得超过本选区或者选举单位应选代表的名额。
第三十条 全国和地方各级人民代表大会代表实行差额选举，代表候选人的人数应多于应选代表的名额。
由选民直接选举人民代表大会代表的，代表候选人的人数应多于应选代表名额三分之一至一倍;由县级以上的地方各级人民代表大会选举上一级人民代表大会代表的，代表候选人的人数应多于应选代表名额五分之一至二分之一。
第三十一条 由选民直接选举人民代表大会代表的，代表候选人由各选区选民和各政党、各人民团体提名推荐。选举委员会汇总后，将代表候选人名单及代表候选人的基本情况在选举日的十五日以前公布，并交各该选区的选民小组讨论、协商，确定正式代表候选人名单。如果所提代表候选人的人数超过本法第三十条规定的最高差额比例，由选举委员会交各该选区的选民小组讨论、协商，根据较多数选民的意见，确定正式代表候选人名单;对正式代表候选人不能形成较为一致意见的，进行预选，根据预选时得票多少的顺序，确定正式代表候选人名单。正式代表候选人名单及代表候选人的基本情况应当在选举日的七日以前公布。
县级以上的地方各级人民代表大会在选举上一级人民代表大会代表时，提名、酝酿代表候选人的时间不得少于两天。各该级人民代表大会主席团将依法提出的代表候选人名单及代表候选人的基本情况印发全体代表，由全体代表酝酿、讨论。如果所提代表候选人的人数符合本法第三十条规定的差额比例，直接进行投票选举。如果所提代表候选人的人数超过本法第三十条规定的最高差额比例，进行预选，根据预选时得票多少的顺序，按照本级人民代表大会的选举办法根据本法确定的具体差额比例，确定正式代表候选人名单，进行投票选举。
第三十二条 县级以上的地方各级人民代表大会在选举上一级人民代表大会代表时，代表候选人不限于各该级人民代表大会的代表。
第三十三条 选举委员会或者人民代表大会主席团应当向选民或者代表介绍代表候选人的情况。推荐代表候选人的政党、人民团体和选民、代表可以在选民小组或者代表小组会议上介绍所推荐的代表候选人的情况。选举委员会根据选民的要求，应当组织代表候选人与选民见面，由代表候选人介绍本人的情况，回答选民的问题。但是，在选举日必须停止代表候选人的介绍。
第九章 选举程序
第三十四条 全国人民代表大会和地方各级人民代表大会代表的选举，应当严格依照法定程序进行，并接受监督。任何组织或者个人都不得以任何方式干预选民或者代表自由行使选举权。
第三十五条 在选民直接选举人民代表大会代表时，选民根据选举委员会的规定，凭身份证或者选民证领取选票。
第三十六条 选举委员会应当根据各选区选民分布状况，按照方便选民投票的原则设立投票站，进行选举。选民居住比较集中的，可以召开选举大会，进行选举;因患有疾病等原因行动不便或者居住分散并且交通不便的选民，可以在流动票箱投票。
第三十七条 县级以上的地方各级人民代表大会在选举上一级人民代表大会代表时，由各该级人民代表大会主席团主持。
第三十八条 全国和地方各级人民代表大会代表的选举，一律采用无记名投票的方法。选举时应当设有秘密写票处。
选民如果是文盲或者因残疾不能写选票的，可以委托他信任的人代写。
第三十九条 选举人对于代表候选人可以投赞成票，可以投反对票，可以另选其他任何选民，也可以弃权。
第四十条 选民如果在选举期间外出，经选举委员会同意，可以书面委托其他选民代为投票。每一选民接受的委托不得超过三人，并应当按照委托人的意愿代为投票。
第四十一条 投票结束后，由选民或者代表推选的监票、计票人员和选举委员会或者人民代表大会主席团的人员将投票人数和票数加以核对，作出记录，并由监票人签字。
代表候选人的近亲属不得担任监票人、计票人。
第四十二条 每次选举所投的票数，多于投票人数的无效，等于或者少于投票人数的有效。
每一选票所选的人数，多于规定应选代表人数的作废，等于或者少于规定应选代表人数的有效。
第四十三条 在选民直接选举人民代表大会代表时，选区全体选民的过半数参加投票，选举有效。代表候选人获得参加投票的选民过半数的选票时，始得当选。
县级以上的地方各级人民代表大会在选举上一级人民代表大会代表时，代表候选人获得全体代表过半数的选票时，始得当选。
获得过半数选票的代表候选人的人数超过应选代表名额时，以得票多的当选。如遇票数相等不能确定当选人时，应当就票数相等的候选人再次投票，以得票多的当选。
获得过半数选票的当选代表的人数少于应选代表的名额时，不足的名额另行选举。另行选举时，根据在第一次投票时得票多少的顺序，按照本法第三十条规定的差额比例，确定候选人名单。如果只选一人，候选人应为二人。
依照前款规定另行选举县级和乡级的人民代表大会代表时，代表候选人以得票多的当选，但是得票数不得少于选票的三分之一;县级以上的地方各级人民代表大会在另行选举上一级人民代表大会代表时，代表候选人获得全体代表过半数的选票，始得当选。
第四十四条 选举结果由选举委员会或者人民代表大会主席团根据本法确定是否有效，并予以宣布。
第四十五条 公民不得同时担任两个以上无隶属关系的行政区域的人民代表大会代表。
第十章 对代表的监督和罢免、辞职、补选
第四十六条 全国和地方各级人民代表大会的代表，受选民和原选举单位的监督。选民或者选举单位都有权罢免自己选出的代表。
第四十七条 对于县级的人民代表大会代表，原选区选民五十人以上联名，对于乡级的人民代表大会代表，原选区选民三十人以上联名，可以向县级的人民代表大会常务委员会书面提出罢免要求。
罢免要求应当写明罢免理由。被提出罢免的代表有权在选民会议上提出申辩意见，也可以书面提出申辩意见。
县级的人民代表大会常务委员会应当将罢免要求和被提出罢免的代表的书面申辩意见印发原选区选民。
表决罢免要求，由县级的人民代表大会常务委员会派有关负责人员主持。
第四十八条 县级以上的地方各级人民代表大会举行会议的时候，主席团或者十分之一以上代表联名，可以提出对由该级人民代表大会选出的上一级人民代表大会代表的罢免案。在人民代表大会闭会期间，县级以上的地方各级人民代表大会常务委员会主任会议或者常务委员会五分之一以上组成人员联名，可以向常务委员会提出对由该级人民代表大会选出的上一级人民代表大会代表的罢免案。罢免案应当写明罢免理由。
县级以上的地方各级人民代表大会举行会议的时候，被提出罢免的代表有权在主席团会议和大会全体会议上提出申辩意见，或者书面提出申辩意见，由主席团印发会议。罢免案经会议审议后，由主席团提请全体会议表决。
县级以上的地方各级人民代表大会常务委员会举行会议的时候，被提出罢免的代表有权在主任会议和常务委员会全体会议上提出申辩意见，或者书面提出申辩意见，由主任会议印发会议。罢免案经会议审议后，由主任会议提请全体会议表决。
第四十九条 罢免代表采用无记名的表决方式。
第五十条 罢免县级和乡级的人民代表大会代表，须经原选区过半数的选民通过。
罢免由县级以上的地方各级人民代表大会选出的代表，须经各该级人民代表大会过半数的代表通过;在代表大会闭会期间，须经常务委员会组成人员的过半数通过。罢免的决议，须报送上一级人民代表大会常务委员会备案、公告。
第五十一条 县级以上的各级人民代表大会常务委员会组成人员，全国人民代表大会和省、自治区、直辖市、设区的市、自治州的人民代表大会专门委员会成员的代表职务被罢免的，其常务委员会组成人员或者专门委员会成员的职务相应撤销，由主席团或者常务委员会予以公告。
乡、民族乡、镇的人民代表大会主席、副主席的代表职务被罢免的，其主席、副主席的职务相应撤销，由主席团予以公告。
第五十二条 全国人民代表大会代表，省、自治区、直辖市、设区的市、自治州的人民代表大会代表，可以向选举他的人民代表大会的常务委员会书面提出辞职。常务委员会接受辞职，须经常务委员会组成人员的过半数通过。接受辞职的决议，须报送上一级人民代表大会常务委员会备案、公告。
县级的人民代表大会代表可以向本级人民代表大会常务委员会书面提出辞职，乡级的人民代表大会代表可以向本级人民代表大会书面提出辞职。县级的人民代表大会常务委员会接受辞职，须经常务委员会组成人员的过半数通过。乡级的人民代表大会接受辞职，须经人民代表大会过半数的代表通过。接受辞职的，应当予以公告。
第五十三条 县级以上的各级人民代表大会常务委员会组成人员，全国人民代表大会和省、自治区、直辖市、设区的市、自治州的人民代表大会的专门委员会成员，辞去代表职务的请求被接受的，其常务委员会组成人员、专门委员会成员的职务相应终止，由常务委员会予以公告。
乡、民族乡、镇的人民代表大会主席、副主席，辞去代表职务的请求被接受的，其主席、副主席的职务相应终止，由主席团予以公告。
第五十四条 代表在任期内，因故出缺，由原选区或者原选举单位补选。
地方各级人民代表大会代表在任期内调离或者迁出本行政区域的，其代表资格自行终止，缺额另行补选。
县级以上的地方各级人民代表大会闭会期间，可以由本级人民代表大会常务委员会补选上一级人民代表大会代表。
补选出缺的代表时，代表候选人的名额可以多于应选代表的名额，也可以同应选代表的名额相等。补选的具体办法，由省、自治区、直辖市的人民代表大会常务委员会规定。
第十一章 对破坏选举的制裁
第五十五条 为保障选民和代表自由行使选举权和被选举权，对有下列行为之一，破坏选举，违反治安管理规定的，依法给予治安管理处罚;构成犯罪的，依法追究刑事责任:
(一)以金钱或者其他财物贿赂选民或者代表，妨害选民和代表自由行使选举权和被选举权的;
(二)以暴力、威胁、欺骗或者其他非法手段妨害选民和代表自由行使选举权和被选举权的;
(三)伪造选举文件、虚报选举票数或者有其他违法行为的;
(四)对于控告、检举选举中违法行为的人，或者对于提出要求罢免代表的人进行压制、报复的。
国家工作人员有前款所列行为的，还应当依法给予行政处分。
以本条第一款所列违法行为当选的，其当选无效。
第五十六条 主持选举的机构发现有破坏选举的行为或者收到对破坏选举行为的举报，应当及时依法调查处理;需要追究法律责任的，及时移送有关机关予以处理。
第十二章 附 则
第五十七条 省、自治区、直辖市的人民代表大会及其常务委员会根据本法可以制定选举实施细则，报全国人民代表大会常务委员会备案。
Electoral Law of the National People's Congress and Local People's Congresses of the People's Republic of China
(Adopted at the Second Session of the Fifth National People's Congress on July 1，1979; revised for the first time in accordance with the Resolution on the Revision of Certain Provisions in the Electoral Law of the National People's Congress and Local People's Congresses of the People's Republic of China，adopted at the Fifth Session of the Fifth National People's Congress on December 10，1982; revised for the second time in accordance with the Decision on the Revision of the Electoral Law of the National People's Congress and Local People's Congresses of the People's Republic of China at the 18th Meeting of the Standing Committee of the Sixth National People's Congress on December 2，1986; revised for the third time in accordance with the Decision on Revision of the Electoral Law of the National People's Congress and Local People's Congresses of the People's Republic of China at the 12th Meeting of the Standing Committee of the Eighth National People's Congress on February 28，1995; revised for the fourth time in accordance with the Decision on Revision of the Electoral Law of the National People's Congress and Local People's Congresses of the People's Republic of China at the 12th Meeting of the Standing Committee of the Tenth National People's Congress on October 27，2004; revised for the fifth time in accordance with the Decision on Revision of the Electoral Law of the National People's Congress and Local People's Congresses of the People's Republic of China at the Third Session of the Eleventh National People's Congress on March 14，2010)
Contents
Chapter Ⅰ General Provisions
Chapter Ⅱ Election Institutions
Chapter Ⅲ Number of Deputies to Local People's Congresses at Various Levels
Chapter Ⅳ Number of Deputies to the National People's Congress
Chapter Ⅴ Elections Among Minority Nationalities
Chapter Ⅵ Zoning of Electoral Districts
Chapter Ⅶ Registration of Voters
Chapter Ⅷ Nomination of Candidates for Deputies
Chapter Ⅸ Election Procedure
Chapter Ⅹ Supervision，Dismissal，Resignation，and By-Elections of Deputies
Chapter Ⅹ Sanctions Against Disruption of Elections
Chapter Ⅻ Supplementary Provisions
Chapter Ⅰ General Provisions
Article 1 The Electoral Law of the National People's Congress and Local People's Congresses is formulated in accordance with the Constitution of the People's Republic of China．
Article 2 Deputies to the National People's Congress and to people's congresses of provinces，autonomous regions，municipalities directly under the Central Government，cities divided into districts，and autonomous prefectures shall be elected by people's congresses at the next lower level．
Deputies to people's congresses of cities not divided into districts，municipal districts，counties，autonomous counties，townships，nationality townships，and towns shall be elected directly by their constituencies．
Article 3 All citizens of the People's Republic of China who have reached the age of 18 shall have the right to vote and stand for election，regardless of ethnicity，race，sex，occupation，family background，religious belief，education，property status or length of residence．
Persons who have been deprived of political rights according to the law shall not have the right to vote and stand for election．
Article 4 Each voter shall have the right to vote only once in an election．
Article 5 Separate elections shall be conducted for the People's Liberation Army，and the procedures for such elections shall be formulated separately．
Article 6 Deputies to the National People's Congress and local people's congresses shall be broad-based and shall comprise an appropriate number of grass-roots deputies，especially workers，farmers and intellectuals; deputies shall comprise of an appropriate number of women，who shall account for an increasingly larger percentage．
The National People's Congress and the local people's congresses of areas with a relatively large number of returned overseas Chinese shall have an appropriate number of deputies who are returned overseas Chinese．
Citizens of the People's Republic of China who reside abroad but who are in China during the election of deputies to people's congresses at or below the county level may take part in such elections conducted in their ancestral home town or place of domicile before they went abroad．
Article 7 The electoral expense of the National People's Congress and local people's congresses shall be included in the fiscal budget and shall be borne by the National Treasury．
Chapter Ⅱ Election Institutions
Article 8 The Standing Committee of the National People's Congress shall conduct elections of deputies to the National People's Congress．The standing committees of people's congresses of provinces，autonomous regions，municipalities directly under the Central Government，cities divided into districts，and autonomous prefectures shall conduct the election of deputies to people's congresses at the corresponding level．
In cities divided into districts，municipal districts，counties，autonomous counties，townships，nationality townships，and towns，election committees shall be established to conduct the election of deputies to people's congresses at the corresponding levels．The election committees of cities not divided into districts，municipal districts，counties and autonomous counties shall be under the leadership of the standing committees of the people's congresses at the corresponding level．The election committees of townships，nationality townships and towns shall be under the leadership of the standing committees of people's congresses of cities not divided into districts，municipal districts，counties and autonomous counties．
The standing committees of people's congresses of provinces，autonomous regions，municipalities directly under the Central Government，cities divided into districts，and autonomous prefectures shall direct the work of electing deputies to people's congresses at or below the county level in their administrative areas．
Article 9 Members of the election committees of cities not divided into districts，municipal districts，counties and autonomous counties shall be appointed by the Standing Committee of the People's Congress at the same level．Members of the election committees of townships，ethnic townships and towns shall be appointed by the Standing Committee of the People's Congress of the cities not divided into districts，municipal districts，counties and autonomous counties．
Election committee members who are deputy candidates shall resign from the election committee．
Article 10 Election committees shall perform the following duties:
(1) Dividing electoral districts where deputies to people's congress at the same level are to be elected，and allocating the number of deputies for each electoral district;
(2) Administering voter registration，examining voters' qualifications and releasing voter lists; and receiving and handling claims of different opinions on the voter lists and making decisions accordingly;
(3) Determining election dates;
(4 ) Seeking and verifying information on deputy candidates and arranging for candidates to introduce themselves; determining and releasing formally the lists of deputy candidates;
(5) Presiding over the voting;
(6) Determining the validity of elections and releasing lists of deputies elected; and
(7) Other duties as provided for by the Law．
The election committee shall release election information in a timely manner．
Chapter Ⅲ Number of Deputies to Local People's Congressesat VariousLevels
Article 11 The number of deputies to local people's congresses at various levels shall be determined in accordance with the following provisions:
(1) The base number of deputies to the people's congress of a province，an autonomous region or a municipality directly under the Central Government is 350．For a province or an autonomous region，one more deputy may be added for every 150 000 people，and for a municipality directly under the Central Government，one more deputy may be added for every 25 000 people; however，the total number of deputies shall not exceed 1 000．
(2) The base number of deputies to the people's congress of a city divided into districts or an autonomous prefecture is 240．One more deputy may be determined for every 25 000 people; however，if the population of the city or autonomous prefecture exceeds 10 million，the total number of its deputies shall not exceed 650．
(3) The base number of deputies to the people's congress of a city not divided into districts，a municipal district，a county or an autonomous county is 120．One more deputy may be added for every 5 000 people; however，if the population exceeds 1．65 million，the total number of deputies shall not exceed 450; if the population is less than 50 000 people，the total number of deputies may be less than 120．
(4) The basic number of deputies for townships，ethnic townships and towns is 40 and an additional deputy may be added for every 1 500 people; however，the total number of deputies shall be no more than 160．The number of deputies may be less than 40 for those administrative jurisdictions with a population of less than 2 000．
The base number of deputies to a local people's congress plus the number of deputies added according to the size of the local population as stipulated in the preceding paragraph shall be the total number of deputies to the local people's congress．
The number of deputies to the people's congress of an autonomous region or a province where many minority nationalities inhabit in concentrated communities may，upon the decision of the Standing Committee of the National People's Congress，be increased by five percent．The number of deputies to the people's congress of a county，an autonomous county，a township or a nationality township where many minority nationalities inhabit in concentrated communities or where people inhabit in scattered groups may，upon the decision of the standing committee of the people's congress of a province，an autonomous region，or a municipality directly under the Central Government，be increased by five percent．
Article 12 The specific number of deputies to the people's congress of a province，an autonomous region，or a municipality directly under the Central Government shall be determined by the Standing Committee of the National People's Congress according to this Law．The specific number of deputies to the people's congress of a city divided into districts，an autonomous prefecture or a county shall be determined by the standing committee of the people's congress of a province，an autonomous region，or a municipality directly under the Central Government according to this Law and be reported to the Standing Committee of the National People's Congress for the record．The specific number of deputies to a people's congress at the township level shall be determined by the standing committee of the people's congress at the county level according to this Law and be reported to the standing committee of the people's congress at the next higher level for the record．
Article 13 Once the total number of deputies to a local people's congress at any level is determined，it shall not thereafter be changed．If the size of the population changes considerably due to a change in the division of administrative regions or the construction of major projects or for other reasons，the total number of deputies to the people's congress at the corresponding level shall be re-determined according to the provisions of this Law．
Article 14 The standing committee of a people's congress or the election committee at the same level shall determine the distribution of the number of deputies of local people's congresses according to the population of lower administrative divisions or electoral districts in its jurisdiction based on the principle that each deputy represents the same number of urban and rural residents and ensuring that each region，ethic group，and body of people has an appropriate number of deputies．Townships，ethnic townships and towns with extremely small populations shall have at least one deputy in the people's congress of a county or autonomous county．
The method for distributing the number of deputies of a local people's congress shall be decided by the standing committee of the people's congress of a province，autonomous region，or municipality directly under the Central Government by referring to the method for distributing the number of deputies of the National People's Congress and in light of the particular local conditions．
Chapter Ⅳ Number of Deputies to the National People's Congress
Article 15 Deputies to the National People's Congress shall be elected by people's congresses of provinces，autonomous regions，and municipalities directly under the Central Government and by the People's Liberation Army．
The number of deputies to the National People's Congress shall not exceed 3 000．
The number of deputies to the National People's Congress to be elected by the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region and the Macao Special Administrative Region and the methods for their elections shall be prescribed separately by the National People's Congress．
Article 16 The Standing Committee of the National People's Congress shall determine the distribution of the number of deputies according to the population of each province，autonomous region，and municipality directly under the Central Government based on the principle that each deputy represents the same number of urban and rural residents and ensuring that each region，ethic group，and body of people has an appropriate number of deputies．
The number of National People's Congress deputies of a province，autonomous region，or municipality directly under the Central Government to be elected shall comprise the number calculated based on the population，the equal base number and other numbers of deputies to be elected．
The Standing Committee of the National People's Congress shall determine specifically the distribution of the number of National People's Congress deputies．
Article 17 The number of deputies to the National People's Congress to be elected from among minority nationalities shall be allocated to the various people's congresses of the provinces，autonomous regions，and municipalities directly under the Central Government，which shall elect them accordingly，by the Standing Committee of the National People's Congress in light of the population and distribution of each minority nationality．Nationalities with exceptionally small populations shall each have at least one deputy．
Chapter Ⅴ Elections Among Minority Nationalities
Article 18 In areas where minority nationalities inhabit in concentrated communities，each minority nationality shall have its deputy or deputies sit in the local people's congress．
Where the total population of a minority nationality in such an area exceeds 30 percent of the total local population，the number of people represented by each deputy of that minority nationality shall be equal to the number of people represented by each of the other deputies to the local people's congress．
Where the total population of a minority nationality in such an area is less than 15 percent of the total local population，the number of people represented by each deputy of that minority nationality may be appropriately smaller，but shall not be less than half the number of people represented by each of the other deputies to the local people's congress．In autonomous counties where the population of the minority nationality practising regional autonomy is exceptionally small，the number of people represented by each deputy of this minority nationality may，upon a decision made by the standing committee of the people's congress of the province or autonomous region，be less than half the number of people represented by each of the other deputies．Other nationalities with exceptionally small populations inhabiting in concentrated communities shall each have at least one deputy．
Where the total population of a minority nationality in such an area accounts for not less than 15 percent but not more than 30 percent of the total local population，the number of people represented by each deputy of that minority nationality may be appropriately smaller than the number of people represented by each of the other deputies to the local people's congress，but the allocated number of deputies to be elected by that minority nationality shall not exceed 30 percent of the total number of deputies．
Article 19 In autonomous regions，autonomous prefectures and autonomous counties，and in townships，nationality townships and towns where a certain minority nationality inhabits in a concentrated community，the provisions of Article 18 of this Law shall be applicable to the election of deputies to local people's congresses from among other minority nationalities and the Han nationality who also inhabit in concentrated communities in such areas．
Article 20 With respect to minority nationalities inhabiting in scattered groups，the number of people represented by each deputy to the local people's congresses may be less than the number of people represented by each of the other deputies to such congresses．
In autonomous regions，autonomous prefectures and autonomous counties，and in townships，nationality townships and towns where a certain minority nationality inhabits in a concentrated community，the provisions of the preceding paragraph shall be applicable to the election of deputies to local people's congresses from among other minority nationalities and the Han nationality inhabiting in scattered groups in such areas．
Article 21 In cities not divided into districts，municipal districts，counties，townships，nationality townships and towns where various minority nationalities inhabit in concentrated communities，minority nationality electorates may vote separately or jointly in the election of deputies to the local people's congresses，depending on the relations between the nationalities and their residential situation in such areas．
In autonomous counties and in townships，nationality townships and towns where a certain minority nationality inhabits in a concentrated community，the provisions of the preceding paragraph shall be applicable to the election of deputies to people's congresses from among other minority nationalities and the Han nationality inhabiting in such areas．
Article 22 Electoral documents，rolls of voters，voter registration cards，lists of candidates for deputies，deputies' election certificates and seals of election committees which are made or published by autonomous regions，autonomous prefectures and autonomous counties shall be in the commonly used written languages of the nationalities in the localities．
Article 23 Other matters concerning elections among minority nationalities shall be handled with reference to the provisions of the relevant articles of this Law．
Chapter Ⅵ Zoning of Electoral Districts
Article 24 The number of deputies to people's congresses of cities not divided into districts，municipal districts，counties，autonomous counties，townships，nationality townships and towns shall be allocated to electoral districts，and elections shall be held in electoral districts．Electoral districts may be zoned based on voters' residences or on production units，institutions and work units．
The size of electoral districts shall be decided on the basis of one to three deputies being elected from each electoral district．
Article 25 Each deputy of an electoral district in the same administrative region shall represent an approximately equal number of people．
Chapter Ⅶ Registration of Voters
Article 26 The registration of voters shall be conducted on the basis of electoral districts，and voters' qualifications confirmed through registration shall have long-term validity．Prior to each election，voters who have reached the age of 18 since the last registration of voters or who have had their political rights restored after a period of deprivation of political rights has expired shall be registered．Voters who have moved out of the electoral district where they originally registered shall be included in the roll of voters in the electoral district to which they have newly moved; those who are deceased or have been deprived of political rights in accordance with the law shall be removed from the roll．
Citizens who suffer from mental illness and are incapable of exercising their electoral rights shall，upon determination by the election committee，not be included in the roll of voters．
Article 27 The roll of voters shall be made public 20 days prior to the Election Day．Where voters take part in elections and cast their votes by using voter registration cards，voter registration cards shall be issued．
Article 28 Those who disagree with the voter list released may file a claim with the election committee within five days from the date the voter list is released．The election committee shall make a decision as to how to deal with a claim within three days．If an appellant disagrees with the decision，he or she may file a claim with the people's court five days prior to the Election Day，and the people's court shall produce a ruling before the Election Day．The ruling of the people's court is final．
Chapter Ⅷ Nomination of Candidates for Deputies
Article 29 Candidates for deputies to the national and local people's congresses shall be nominated on the basis of electoral districts or electoral units．
Each party or people's organization may jointly or individually recommend deputy candidates．More than ten voters or deputies may also jointly recommend deputy candidates．Recommenders shall introduce the deputy candidates to the election committee or the presidium of the people's congress．Deputy candidates who accept the recommendation shall provide the election committee or the presidium of the people's congress with his or her true identification，CV and other basic information．If the information provided is untruthful，the election committee or the presidium of the people's congress shall circulate the matter among the voters or deputies．
The number of deputy candidates recommended jointly or individually by parties and people's organizations or the number of deputy candidates recommended jointly by voters or deputies shall not exceed the number of deputies to be elected for the electoral district or electoral unit．
Article 30 The national and local people's congresses shall adopt a multi-candidate election practice，i．e．the number of deputy candidates shall be greater than the number of deputies to be elected．
Where electors directly elect deputies for the people's congress，the number of deputy candidates shall be 1．3 or two times the number of deputies to be elected．Where the people's congress at or above the county level elects deputies for the people's congress at the next higher level，the number of deputy candidates shall be 1．2 or 1．5 times the number of deputies to be elected．
Article 31 Where voters directly elect deputies for a people's congress，the deputy candidates shall be recommended through nomination by voters，parties，and people's organizations．After consolidation，the election committee shall，15 days prior to the Election Day，release the list of deputy candidates and their profiles and pass the list over to the electors in the electoral district for discussion and negotiation to determine the final deputy candidate list．If the number of nominated deputy candidates exceeds the maximum difference ratio as provided in Article 30 of this Law，the election committee shall present the matter to the groups of electors of various electoral districts for discussion and negotiation．The final deputy candidate list shall be determined based on the opinions of the majority of electors．If consensus fails to be reached on the final deputy candidate list，a primary election shall be held．The final deputy candidate list shall be determined according to the number of votes they each receive．The final deputy candidate list and their profiles shall be released seven days prior to the Election Day．
When local people's congresses at or above the county level elects deputies for the people's congress at the next higher level，the time spent on nomination and deliberation of the deputies shall be no less than two days．The presidiums of the said local people's congresses shall distribute printouts of the lawfully proposed deputy list and their profiles to all deputies for deliberation and discussion．If the number of proposed deputy candidates conforms to the difference ratio as provided in Article 30 of this Law，election may be held directly．If the number of nominated deputy candidates exceeds the maximum difference ratio as provided in Article 30 of this Law，a primary election shall be held．The final deputy candidate list shall be determined according to the number of votes they each receives during the primary election，in accordance with the election measures of the people's congress at that level and based on the specific difference ratio as provided by this Law．An election shall then be held．
Article 32 When a local people's congress at or above the county level elect deputies for the people's congress at the next higher level，the nominees for deputies shall not be limited to the current deputies to the said local people's congress．
Article 33 The election committee or the presidium of a people's congress shall introduce deputy candidates to electors or deputies．Those parties，people's organizations or deputies that have recommended deputy candidates may introduce the recommended deputy candidates at elector group or deputy group meetings．Upon the request of electors，the election committee shall arrange deputy candidates to meet with electors，and deputy candidates shall introduce themselves and answer questions from electors．However，the introduction of deputy candidates must cease on the Election Day．
Chapter Ⅸ Election Procedure
Article 34 The election of deputies to the National People's Congress and local people's congresses shall strictly follow statutory procedures and be subject to supervision．No organization or individual shall，by any means，interfere with electors or deputies in freely exercising their rights to vote．
Article 35 When electors directly elect deputies for a people's congress，they shall collect their ballots by presenting their identification cards or elector certificates in accordance with the provisions of the election committee．
Article 36 The election committee shall set up voting stations according to voter distribution and based on the principle of allowing voters to vote with ease and proceed with the election．In places where electors are concentrated，election conventions may be held．Those electors who are disabled due to illness or inhabit in remote areas with limited access to transportation facilities may cast their ballots at mobile voting boxes．
Article 37 Where a local people's congress at or above the county level elects deputies to the people's congress at the next higher level，the election shall be presided over by the presidium of the said local people's congress．
Article 38 The election of deputies to the National People's Congress and local people's congresses shall be carried out using secret ballots with no exceptions．Facilities for confidential ballot writing shall be provided during the election．
If a voter is illiterate or handicapped and is therefore unable to write his or her ballot，he or she may entrust another person to write it on his or her behalf．
Article 39 A voter may vote for or against a deputy candidate and may vote instead for any other voter or abstain．
Article 40 If an elector is not available during the election，he or she may entrust in writing another elector to vote on his or her behalf upon approval of the election committee．Each elector may be entrusted to vote for no more than three people and shall vote according to the intention of the entrusting elector．
Article 41 When balloting has been concluded，scrutineers and vote-counters elected by voters or deputies and members of the election committee or members of the presidium of the people's congress shall check the number of people who voted against the number of votes cast and make a record of it; the record shall be signed by the scrutineers．
Family members of deputy candidates shall not serve as scrutineers or counters of ballots．
Article 42 An election shall be null and void if the number of votes cast is greater than the number of people who voted; it shall be valid if the number of votes cast is equal to or less than the number of people who voted．
A ballot shall be null and void if more candidates are voted for than the number of deputies to be elected; it shall be valid if fewer candidates are voted for than the number of deputies to be elected or the same number of candidates is voted for．
Article 43 In a direct election of deputies to people's congresses，the election shall be valid if more than half of all voters in an electoral district cast their votes．Candidates for deputies shall be elected only if they have obtained more than half of the votes cast by the voters that take part in the election．
When a local people's congress at or above the county level elects deputies to a people's congress at the next higher level，candidates for deputies shall be elected only if they have obtained more than half of the votes of all deputies．
Where the number of candidates who have obtained more than half of the votes exceeds the number of deputies to be elected，the ones who have obtained the most votes shall be elected．Where the number of votes for some candidates is tied，making it impossible to determine the ones to be elected，another election shall be held for these candidates to resolve the tie，and the ones who obtain more votes shall be elected．
If the number of elected deputies who have obtained more than half of the votes is less than the number of deputies to be elected，another election shall be held to make up the difference．When another election is held，the list of candidates shall be determined by order of the number of votes they have obtained in the first balloting and in accordance with the proportion for competitive elections as provided in Article 30 of this Law．If only one deputy is to be elected，the number of candidates shall be two．
When another election is held to elect deputies to a people's congress at the county or township level in accordance with the provisions in the preceding paragraph，the candidates who have obtained more votes than the others shall be elected; however，the number of the votes they have obtained shall not be less than one-third of the votes cast．When another election is held by the local people's congress at or above the county level to elect deputies to a people's congress at the next higher level，the candidates shall be elected only when they have obtained a majority vote of all the deputies．
Article 44 The election committee or the presidium of the people's congress shall determine，in accordance with this Law，whether or not the result of an election is valid and shall announce it accordingly．
Article 45 No citizen may act simultaneously as a deputy for the people's congresses of two administrative divisions without affiliating relationships．
Chapter Ⅹ Supervision，Dismissal，Resignation，and By-Elections of Deputies
Article 46 All deputies to the national and local people's congresses shall be subject to the supervision of the voters and the electoral units which elect them．Both the voters and electoral units shall have the right to recall the deputies they elect．
Article 47 A group of fifty or more voters in an electoral district may recall a deputy they elected to the people's congress at the county level，and a group of thirty or more such voters may recall a deputy they elected to the people's congress at the township level，by jointly submitting a demand for the recall in writing to the standing committee of a people's congress at the county level．
In a demand for the recall of a deputy，the reasons for the recall shall be clearly stated．The deputy proposed to be recalled shall have the right to defend him or herself at a voters' meeting or may present a written statement in his or her own defense．
The standing committee of the people's congress at the county level shall print and distribute the demand for the recall of a deputy and the written defense of the deputy proposed to be recalled to the voters in the electoral district from which he or she was elected．
When the demand for the recall of a deputy is put to vote，the standing committee of the people's congress at the county level shall dispatch a relevant leading member to preside over it．
Article 48 When a local people's congress at or above the county level is in session，the presidium or a group of at least one-tenth of the deputies may submit a proposal for the recall of a deputy to the people's congress at the next higher level who was elected by the said local people's congress．When the people's congress is not in session，the council of chairmen of the standing committee of the local people's congress at or above the county level or a group of at least one-fifth of the component members of the standing committee may submit a proposal for the recall of a deputy to the people's congress at the next higher level who was elected by the said local people's congress．In the proposal for the recall of a deputy，the reasons for the recall shall be clearly stated．
When a local people's congress at or above the county level is in session，the deputy proposed to be recalled shall have the right to defend him or herself or to submit a written defense at the meeting of the presidium or at the plenary meeting of the congress; the presidium shall have the written defense printed and distributed to the deputies．After the proposal for the recall of the deputy is deliberated by the deputies at the meeting，it shall be submitted by the presidium to the plenary for voting．
When the standing committee of a local people's congress at or above the county level meets，the deputy proposed to be recalled shall have the right to defend him or herself or submit a written defense at the council of chairmen or the plenary meeting of the standing committee; the council of chairmen shall print and distribute the written defense to the members of the standing committee．After the proposal for the recall of the deputy is deliberated by the members of the standing committee，it shall be submitted by the council of chairmen to the plenary meeting for voting．
Article 49 Secret ballots shall be adopted for dismissing a deputy．
Article 50 The recall of a deputy to the people's congress at the county or township level shall be adopted by a majority vote of all the voters in the electoral district from which the deputy was elected．
The dismissal of a deputy elected by a local people's congress above the county level shall be passed by more than half of the deputies to the people's congress．When the people's congress is not in session，it shall be passed by more than half of the members of the standing committee．The dismissing resolution shall be submitted to the standing committee of the people's congress at the next higher level for the record and be announced．
Article 51 When a deputy serving on the standing committee of a people's congress at or above the county level or on a special committee of the National People's Congress，or of the people's congress of a province，autonomous region，municipality directly under the Central Government，of a city divided into districts or of an autonomous prefecture is recalled，he or she shall be dismissed accordingly from membership on the standing committee or special committee，and the same shall be announced by the presidium or the standing committee．
When a deputy serving as chairman or vice-chairman of the people's congress of a township，a nationality township or a town is recalled，he or she shall be dismissed accordingly from chairmanship or vice-chairmanship，and the same shall be announced by the presidium．
Article 52 Deputies to the National People's Congress or the people's congress of a province，autonomous region，or municipality directly under the central government，a city divided into districts or autonomous prefecture may submit a letter of resignation in writing to the standing committee of the people's congress that elected the deputy．If the standing committee is to accept the resignation，it shall be passed by more than half of the standing committee members．The resolution accepting the resignation shall be submitted to the standing committee of the people's congress at the next higher level for the record and be announced．
A deputy to a people's congress at the county level may submit a letter of resignation in writing to the standing committee of the people's congress at the same level; a deputy to a people's congress at the township level may submit a letter of resignation in writing to the people's congress at the same level．If the standing committee of a people's congress at the county level is to accept the resignation，it shall be passed by more than half of the standing committee members．If the people's congress of the township level is to accept the resignation，it shall be passed by more than half of the deputies to the people's congress．If the resignation is accepted，it shall be announced．
Article 53 When the request of a deputy for resignation is granted，his or her membership on the standing committee of the peoples' congress at or above the county level or on the special committee of the National People's Congress，or the people's congress of a province，autonomous region，municipality directly under the Central Government，a city divided into districts or an autonomous prefecture shall be terminated accordingly，which shall be announced by the standing committee．
When the request of a deputy for resignation is granted，his or her chairmanship or vicechairmanship of the people's congress of a township，nationality township or town shall be terminated accordingly，which shall be announced by the presidium．
Article 54 If a deputy's post becomes vacant for some reason during his or her term of office，the electoral district or electoral unit which elected him or her shall hold a byelection to fill the vacancy．
If a deputy to a local people's congress at any level is transferred or moves out of his or her administrative region during his or her term of office，he or she shall automatically be disqualified as a deputy and a by-election shall be held to fill the vacancy．
When a local people's congress at or above the county level is not in session，its standing committee may conduct a by-election to fill the vacancy left by a deputy to the people's congress at the next higher level．
When by-elections are conducted to fill the vacant posts of deputies，the number of candidates may be greater than the number of deputies to be elected or may be equal to the number of deputies to be elected．The specific methods for conducting by-elections shall be stipulated by the standing committees of people's congresses of provinces，autonomous regions，and municipalities directly under the Central Government．
Chapter Ⅹ Sanctions Against Disruption of Elections
Article 55 In order to ensure that voters and deputies freely exercise their right to vote and stand for election，administrative penalties for public security shall，in accordance with the law，be imposed on a person who commits any of the following acts that disrupts an election and violates the provisions on public security administration; if a crime is constituted，criminal responsibility shall be investigated in accordance with the law:
(1) Bribing a voter or deputy with money or other things of value to interfere with the voter or deputy freely exercising his or her right to vote and stand for election;
(2) Using violence，threat，deception or other illegal means to interfere with a voter or deputy in freely exercising his or her right to vote and stand for election;
(3) Forging electoral documents，falsifying vote tallies or committing other illegal acts; and
(4) Suppressing or retaliating against anyone who accuses or informs against the person committing illegal acts in an election or who demands the recall of a deputy．
Any State functionary who commits any of the acts prescribed in the preceding paragraph shall also be given administrative sanctions in accordance with the law．
Where anyone is elected by committing any of the acts prescribed in the preceding paragraph，the election result in his or her favor shall be null and void．
Article 56 In the event institutions presiding over an election discover disruptions to the election or receive a report on such disruptions，it shall investigate and deal with the disruptions in accordance with the law in a timely manner．If legal liability need be investigated，the relevant cases shall be handed over to the relevant authorities．
Chapter Ⅻ Supplementary Provisions
Article 57 The standing committees of the people's congresses of provinces，autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the Central government and their standing committees may formulate specific implementation provisions on elections in according with this Law and submit such provisions to the Standing Committee of the National People's Congress for the record．
全国人民代表大会常务委员会关于修改《中华人民共和国全国人民代表大会和地方各级人民代表大会代表法》的决定
(2010年10月28日第十一届全国人民代表大会常务委员会第十七次会议通过 2010年10月28日中华人民共和国主席令第38号公布 自公布之日起施行)
第十一届全国人民代表大会常务委员会第十七次会议决定对《中华人民共和国全国人民代表大会和地方各级人民代表大会代表法》作如下修改:
一、增加一条，作为第三条:“代表享有下列权利:
“(一)出席本级人民代表大会会议，参加审议各项议案、报告和其他议题，发表意见;
“(二)依法联名提出议案、质询案、罢免案等;
“(三)提出对各方面工作的建议、批评和意见;
“(四)参加本级人民代表大会的各项选举;
“(五)参加本级人民代表大会的各项表决;
“(六)获得依法执行代表职务所需的信息和各项保障;
“(七)法律规定的其他权利。”
二、将第三条、第四条改为第四条，修改为:“代表应当履行下列义务:
“(一)模范地遵守宪法和法律，保守国家秘密，在自己参加的生产、工作和社会活动中，协助宪法和法律的实施;
“(二)按时出席本级人民代表大会会议，认真审议各项议案、报告和其他议题，发表意见，做好会议期间的各项工作;
“(三)积极参加统一组织的视察、专题调研、执法检查等履职活动;
“(四)加强履职学习和调查研究，不断提高执行代表职务的能力;
“(五)与原选区选民或者原选举单位和人民群众保持密切联系，听取和反映他们的意见和要求，努力为人民服务;
“(六)自觉遵守社会公德，廉洁自律，公道正派，勤勉尽责;
“(七)法律规定的其他义务。”
三、将第六条改为第五条，增加一款，作为第三款:“代表不脱离各自的生产和工作。代表出席本级人民代表大会会议，参加闭会期间统一组织的履职活动，应当安排好本人的生产和工作，优先执行代表职务。”
四、将第五条改为第六条和第四十七条。第六条:“代表受原选区选民或者原选举单位的监督。”
第四十七条:“选民或者选举单位有权依法罢免自己选出的代表。被提出罢免的代表有权出席罢免该代表的会议提出申辩意见，或者书面提出申辩意见。”
五、将第七条修改为:“代表应当按时出席本级人民代表大会会议。代表因健康等特殊原因不能出席会议的，应当按照规定请假。
“代表在出席本级人民代表大会会议前，应当听取人民群众的意见和建议，为会议期间执行代表职务做好准备。”
六、将第八条第一款修改为:“代表参加大会全体会议、代表团全体会议、小组会议，审议列入会议议程的各项议案和报告。”
增加一款，作为第三款:“代表应当围绕会议议题发表意见，遵守议事规则。”
七、在第九条中增加一款，作为第二款:“代表依法提出的议案，由本级人民代表大会主席团决定是否列入会议议程，或者先交有关的专门委员会审议、提出是否列入会议议程的意见，再决定是否列入会议议程。”
八、将第十一条第四款修改为:“乡、民族乡、镇的人民代表大会代表有权依照法律规定的程序提出本级人民代表大会主席、副主席和人民政府领导人员的人选，并有权对本级人民代表大会主席团和代表依法提出的上述人员的人选提出意见。”
九、将第十五条第三款修改为:“乡、民族乡、镇的人民代表大会代表有权依照法律规定的程序提出对本级人民代表大会主席、副主席和人民政府领导人员的罢免案。”
十、将第十八条修改为:“代表有权向本级人民代表大会提出对各方面工作的建议、批评和意见。建议、批评和意见应当明确具体，注重反映实际情况和问题。”
十一、在第十九条中增加一款，作为第三款:“乡、民族乡、镇的人民代表大会主席、副主席负责组织本级人民代表大会代表开展闭会期间的活动。”
十二、增加一条，作为第二十条:“代表在闭会期间的活动以集体活动为主，以代表小组活动为基本形式。代表可以通过多种方式听取、反映原选区选民或者原选举单位的意见和要求。”
十三、增加一条，作为第二十三条:“县级以上的各级人民代表大会代表根据安排，围绕经济社会发展和关系人民群众切身利益、社会普遍关注的重大问题，开展专题调研。”
十四、增加一条，作为第二十四条:“代表参加视察、专题调研活动形成的报告，由本级人民代表大会常务委员会办事机构转交有关机关、组织。对报告中提出的意见和建议的研究处理情况应当向代表反馈。”
十五、将第二十三条改为第二十六条，修改为:“县级以上的各级人民代表大会代表可以应邀列席本级人民代表大会常务委员会会议，参加本级人民代表大会常务委员会组织的执法检查和其他活动。全国人民代表大会代表，省、自治区、直辖市、自治州、设区的市的人民代表大会代表可以应邀列席本级人民代表大会各专门委员会会议。”
十六、将第二十七条改为第二十九条，修改为:“县级以上的各级人民代表大会代表在本级人民代表大会闭会期间，有权向本级人民代表大会常务委员会提出对各方面工作的建议、批评和意见。建议、批评和意见应当明确具体，注重反映实际情况和问题。”
十七、将第二十八条改为第三十条，修改为:“乡、民族乡、镇的人民代表大会代表在本级人民代表大会闭会期间，根据统一安排，开展调研等活动;组成代表小组，分工联系选民，反映人民群众的意见和要求。”
十八、将第三十条改为第三十二条，增加一款，作为第三款:“人民代表大会主席团或者常务委员会受理有关机关依照本条规定提请许可的申请，应当审查是否存在对代表在人民代表大会各种会议上的发言和表决进行法律追究，或者对代表提出建议、批评和意见等其他执行职务行为打击报复的情形，并据此作出决定。”
十九、将第三十三条改为第三十五条，修改为:“代表的活动经费，应当列入本级财政预算予以保障，专款专用。”
二十、将第三十四条改为第三十六条，修改为:“县级以上的各级人民代表大会常务委员会应当采取多种方式同本级人民代表大会代表保持联系，扩大代表对本级人民代表大会常务委员会活动的参与。”
二十一、增加一条，作为第三十八条:“县级以上的各级人民代表大会常务委员会，各级人民政府和人民法院、人民检察院，应当及时向本级人民代表大会代表通报工作情况，提供信息资料，保障代表的知情权。”
二十二、增加一条，作为第三十九条:“县级以上的各级人民代表大会常务委员会应当有计划地组织代表参加履职学习，协助代表全面熟悉人民代表大会制度、掌握履行代表职务所需的法律知识和其他专业知识。
“乡、民族乡、镇的人民代表大会代表可以参加上级人民代表大会常务委员会组织的代表履职学习。”
二十三、将第三十六条改为第四十条，修改为:“县级以上的各级人民代表大会常务委员会的办事机构和工作机构是代表执行代表职务的集体服务机构，为代表执行代表职务提供服务保障。”
二十四、增加一条，作为第四十二条:“有关机关、组织应当认真研究办理代表建议、批评和意见，并自交办之日起三个月内答复。涉及面广、处理难度大的建议、批评和意见，应当自交办之日起六个月内答复。
“有关机关、组织在研究办理代表建议、批评和意见的过程中，应当与代表联系沟通，充分听取意见。
“代表建议、批评和意见的办理情况，应当向本级人民代表大会常务委员会报告，并印发下一次人民代表大会会议。”
二十五、将第二十五条改为第四十五条，修改为:“代表应当采取多种方式经常听取人民群众对代表履职的意见，回答原选区选民或者原选举单位对代表工作和代表活动的询问，接受监督。
“由选民直接选举的代表应当以多种方式向原选区选民报告履职情况。”
二十六、增加一条，作为第四十六条:“代表应当正确处理从事个人职业活动与执行代表职务的关系，不得利用执行代表职务干涉具体司法案件或者招标投标等经济活动牟取个人利益。”
二十七、将第四十条改为第四十八条，第一款修改为:“代表有下列情形之一的，暂时停止执行代表职务，由代表资格审查委员会向本级人民代表大会常务委员会或者乡、民族乡、镇的人民代表大会报告:
“(一)因刑事案件被羁押正在受侦查、起诉、审判的;
“(二)被依法判处管制、拘役或者有期徒刑而没有附加剥夺政治权利，正在服刑的。”
二十八、将第四十一条改为第四十九条，增加一项，作为第七项:“(七)丧失行为能力的”。
此外，将第五章的章名修改为“对代表的监督”，并对条文顺序作相应调整。
本决定自公布之日起施行。
《中华人民共和国全国人民代表大会和地方各级人民代表大会代表法》根据本决定作相应修改，重新公布。
Decision of the Standing Committee of the National People's Congress on Amending the Law of the People's Republic of China on Deputies
to the National People's Congress and to the Local People's Congresses at Various Levels
(Adopted at the 17th Meeting of the Standing Committee of the Eleventh National People's Congress on October 28，2010，promulgated by Order No.38 of the President of the People's Republic of China on October 28，2010，and effective as of the date of promulgation)
At its 17th Meeting，the Standing Committee of the Eleventh National People's Congress decided to make the following amendments to the Law of the People's Republic of China on Deputies to the National People's Congress and to the Local People's Congresses at Various Levels:
1．One article is added as the Article 3，which reads，“Deputies shall enjoy the following rights:
“(1) attend sessions of the people's congress at the corresponding level，as well as participate in the deliberations of all proposals，reports and other subject matters，and express their opinions;
“(2) jointly put forward proposals，inquiries，and proposals of removal from office in accordance with the law;
“(3) put forward recommendations，criticisms and opinions on various tasks;
“(4) participate in all elections of the people's congresses at the corresponding level;
“(5) participate in the casting of votes regarding all matters decided by the people's congresses at the corresponding level;
“(6) obtain information and various guarantees required for performing the duties of a deputy in accordance with the law; and
“(7) other rights stipulated by the law．”
2．Articles 3 and 4 are merged as Article 4 and is revised to read，“A deputy shall perform the following duties:
“(1) play an exemplary role in abiding by the Constitution and the law，and keep State secrets，as well as assist in the implementation of the Constitution and the law in the production，work and social activities in which he or she participates;
“(2) attend sessions of the people's congress at the corresponding level punctually，and conscientiously deliberate all proposals，reports and other subject matters，express opinions，and perform all tasks conscientiously during the sessions;
“(3) actively participate in the performance of duties that are unitarily organized，such as inspections，thematic investigation and research，and law enforcement inspections;
“(4) strengthen learning of duty performance as a deputy，enhance investigation and research，and continually improve the capability in carrying out the duties of a deputy;
“(5) maintain close contact with the voters of their home constituencies or electoral units as well as the people and the general public，listen to，and reflect their opinions and requests，and strive to serve the people;
“(6) consciously abide by social ethics，and be honest and self-disciplined，just and upright，as well as diligent and responsible; and
“(7) other duties stipulated by the law．”
3．Article 6 is changed to be Article 5，and one paragraph is added as the third paragraph，which reads，“Deputies shall not be removed from their respective production and work．Deputies shall properly arrange their production and work and give priority to the performance of duties as a deputy when attending sessions of the people's congress at the corresponding level，as well as participating in the performance of duties as a deputy that are unitarily organized during the period when the people's congresses are not in session．”
4．Article 5 is divided into Article 6 and Article 47，which are revised to read，Article 6:“Deputies shall be subject to supervision by the voters of their home constituencies or electoral units．”
Article 47:“The electorate or electoral unit shall have the right to remove from office the deputy they have elected．The deputy to be removed from office shall have the right to attend the meeting for the removal from office to defend himself or herself，or to present his or her self-defense in writing．”
5．Article 7 is revised to read，“Deputies shall attend sessions of the people's congress at the corresponding level on time．Deputies who are unable to attend the sessions due to special reasons such as health shall apply for leave of absence according to regulations．
“Prior to attending a session of the people's congress at the corresponding level，deputies shall listen to the opinions and recommendations of the people and the public，and shall be well-prepared to perform the duties of a deputy during the period when the people's congress is at session．”
6．The first paragraph of Article 8 is revised to read，“Deputies when attending plenary meetings of the general assembly，plenary sessions of a delegation，and small group sessions shall deliberate all proposals and reports listed in the agenda of the sessions．”
One paragraph is added as the third paragraph，which read，“Deputies shall express opinions pertaining to the theme of the session，and shall abide by the rules of procedures．”
7．One paragraph is added as the second paragraph of Article 9，which reads，“The Presidium of the people's congresses at the corresponding level shall decide whether to list proposals put forward according to the law by deputies in the agenda of the session，or to first hand them to the relevant special committees to be deliberated for opinions as to whether they shall be listed in the agenda of the session before deciding whether or not to do so．”
8．The fourth paragraph of Article 11 is revised to read，“Deputies to the people's congresses of townships，ethnic townships and towns shall have the right，in accordance with stipulated procedures，to nominate candidates for chairpersons，vice-chairpersons of the people's congresses and leading members of the people's governments at the corresponding level，and shall have the right to put forward opinions on the aforesaid candidates nominated according to the law by the Presidium and the deputies to the people's congresses at the corresponding level．”
9．The third paragraph of Article 15 is revised to read，“Deputies to people's congresses of townships，ethnic townships and towns shall have the right，in accordance with the procedures prescribed by the law，to put forward a proposal to remove from office the chairman，vice-chairman of the people's congresses and the leading members of the people's government at the corresponding level．”
10．Article 18 is revised to read，“Deputies shall have the right to put forward recommendations，criticisms and opinions as regards all aspects of tasks to the people's congresses at the corresponding level．Recommendations，criticisms and opinions shall be clear and specific，with an emphasis on reflecting actual situations and issues．”
11．One paragraph is added as the third paragraph of Article 19，which reads，“The chairman and vice-chairman of the people's congress of a township，ethnic township and town shall be responsible for organizing deputies to the people's congress at the corresponding level to carry out activities when the people's congress is not in session．”
12．One article is added as Article 20，which reads，“Activities of deputies when the people's congresses are not in session shall be dominated by group activities，with small group activities for deputies as the basic format．Deputies may listen and reflect the opinions and requests of the voters of their home constituencies or electoral units through numerous methods．”
13．One article is added as Article 23，which reads，“Deputies to people's congresses at or above the county level shall，according to arrangements，embark on thematic surveys and research on socio-economic development as well as important issues that concern the immediate interests of the masses of people as well as that to which the public generally pay close attention．”
14．One article is added as Article 24，which reads，“Reports that are formulated by deputies who have participated in inspection and thematic survey and research activities shall be handed to the relevant departments or organizations by the administrative bodies of standing committees of the people's congress at the corresponding level．Feedback shall be given to deputies as regards the results of research and handling of the opinions and recommendations put forward in the reports．”
15．Article 23 is changed to be Article 26 and revised to read，“The various deputies to the people's congresses at or above the county level may be invited to attend，as nonvoting participants，meetings of the standing committees of people's congresses at the corresponding level，as well as participate in the enforcement inspections and other activities organized by the standing committees of the people's congresses at the corresponding level．The deputies to the National People's Congress and the deputies to the people's congresses of provinces，autonomous regions，municipalities directly under the Central Government and cities with districts may be invited to attend，as nonvoting participants，various meetings of special committees of the people's congresses at the corresponding level．”
16．Article 27 is changed to be Article 29 and revised to read，“Deputies to the various people's congresses at or above the county level shall have the right to put forward recommendations，criticisms and opinions on all tasks to the standing committees of people's congresses at the corresponding level when the people's congresses at the corresponding level are not in session．The recommendations，criticisms and opinions shall be clear and specific，with an emphasis on reflecting actual situations and issues．”
17．Article 28 is changed to be Article 30 and revised to read，“Deputies of people's congresses at townships，ethnic townships and towns shall，according to centralized arrangements，embark on activities such as surveys and research when the people's congresses are not in session; deputies may form small groups，and contact the electorate by means of division of labor，and reflect the opinions and requests of the masses of people．”
18．Article 30 is changed to be Article 32，and one paragraph is added as the third paragraph，which reads，“The Presidium or the standing committees of people's congresses that receive applications for approval put forward by relevant departments in accordance with the provisions of this Article，shall review whether such applications contain investigations for legal liabilities against the speeches or voting made by a deputy at various meetings of the people's congresses，or whether these are retaliation against other duties performed by the deputy such as making recommendations，criticisms，and opinions，and shall make a decision based on the review．”
19．Article 33 is changed to be Article 35 and revised to read，“Funds for activities of deputies shall be listed under the financial budget of the governments at the corresponding level and shall be guaranteed，earmarked for specific purposes．”
20．Article 34 is changed to be Article 36 and revised to read，“Standing committees of all people's congresses at or above the county level shall adopt various methods to keep in contact with the deputies to the people's congresses at the corresponding level，expanding the participation of deputies in the activities of the standing committees of people's congresses at the corresponding level．”
21．One article is added as Article 38，which reads，“Standing committees of all people's congresses at or above the county level，and the people's governments，the people's courts and the people's procuratorates at all levels shall promptly report their work performance to the deputies to the people's congresses at the corresponding level，providing information，and ensuring the deputies' right to information．”
22．One article is added as Article 39，which reads，“Standing committees of all people's congresses at or above the county level shall systematically arrange for deputies to participate in learning the duties of a deputy，and assist deputies in becoming familiarized with the people's congress system，as well as an understanding of legal knowledge and other professional knowledge that are required in performing the duties of a deputy．
“Deputies to the people's congresses of townships，ethnic townships and towns may participate in the training to learn the duties of a deputy organized by the standing committees of people's congresses at the next higher level．”
23．Article 36 is changed to be Article 40 and revised to read，“Administrative entities and work entities of standing committees of all people's congresses at or above the county level are the collective service entities for deputies performing their duties and shall guarantee the provision of services for deputies in the performance of their duties．”
24．One article is added to be Article 42，which reads，“Relevant departments and organizations shall conscientiously study and handle the recommendations，criticisms and opinions of deputies，and shall respond within three months from the date such recommendations，criticisms and opinions are handed to them．Where the recommendations，criticism and opinions involve wide aspects or where there is a difficulty in handling the same，a response shall be given within six months from the date the recommendations，criticism and opinions are handed to them．
“In the process of studying and handling the recommendations，criticisms and opinions of deputies，the relevant departments and organizations shall contact and communicate with the deputies，and listen fully to their opinions．
“The handling of recommendations，criticisms and opinions of deputies shall be reported to the standing committees of people's congresses at the corresponding level，and shall be printed and distributed at the next session of people's congresses．”
25．Article 25 is changed to be Article 45 and revised to read，“Deputies shall employ a variety of methods to frequently listen to the opinions of the masses of people as regards the performance of duties of the deputies，as well as respond to the inquiries of voters of their home constituencies or electoral units as regards the work and activities of the deputies，and be subjected to supervision．
“Deputies that are directly elected by the electorate shall report the state of performance of duties to the voters of their home constituencies through various means．”
26．One article is added as Article 46，which reads，“Deputies shall properly handle the relationship between the personal profession activities in which they are engaged and the performance of their duties as deputies．They shall not take advantage of performance of functions as deputies to interfere with specific judicial cases or seek personal gains from such economic activities as tenders and biddings．”
27．Article 40 is changed to be Article 48，and the first paragraph is revised to read，“Where a deputy is involved in one of the following circumstances，he or she shall be suspended from performance of duties as deputy，and a report shall be made by the credential committee to the standing committee of the people's congress at the corresponding level or to the people's congress of the township，ethnic township and town:
“(1) who is held in custody and is under investigation，prosecution or tried for criminal cases; or
“(2) who has been sentenced to surveillance，criminal detention or fixed-term imprisonment，without additional punishment of being deprived of their political rights，and is currently serving his or her sentence．”
28．Article 41 is changed to be Article 49，and one subparagraph is added as subparagraph (7)，which reads，“(7) Loss of capacity for conduct．”
In addition，the title of Chapter Ⅴ is revised to read，“Supervision of Deputies”，and the order of the articles shall be rearranged accordingly．
This Decision shall go into effect as of the date of promulgation．
The Law of the People's Republic of China on Deputies to the National People's Congress and to the Local People's Congresses at Various Levels shall be revised in accordance with this Decision，and the Law shall be promulgated anew．
中华人民共和国全国人民代表大会和地方各级人民代表大会代表法
(1992年4月3日第七届全国人民代表大会第五次会议通过根据2009年8月27日第十一届全国人民代表大会常务委员会第十次会议《关于修改部分法律的决定》第一次修正 根据2010年10月28日第十一届全国人民代表大会常务委员会第十七次会议《关于修改〈中华人民共和国全国人民代表大会和地方各级人民代表大会代表法〉的决定》第二次修正)
目 录
第一章 总 则
第二章 代表在本级人民代表大会会议期间的工作
第三章 代表在本级人民代表大会闭会期间的活动
第四章 代表执行职务的保障
第五章 对代表的监督
第六章 附 则
第一章 总 则
第一条 为保证全国人民代表大会和地方各级人民代表大会代表依法行使代表的职权，履行代表的义务，发挥代表作用，根据宪法，制定本法。
第二条 全国人民代表大会和地方各级人民代表大会代表依照法律规定选举产生。
全国人民代表大会代表是最高国家权力机关组成人员，地方各级人民代表大会代表是地方各级国家权力机关组成人员。
全国人民代表大会和地方各级人民代表大会代表，代表人民的利益和意志，依照宪法和法律赋予本级人民代表大会的各项职权，参加行使国家权力。
第三条 代表享有下列权利:
(一)出席本级人民代表大会会议，参加审议各项议案、报告和其他议题，发表意见;
(二)依法联名提出议案、质询案、罢免案等;
(三)提出对各方面工作的建议、批评和意见;
(四)参加本级人民代表大会的各项选举;
(五)参加本级人民代表大会的各项表决;
(六)获得依法执行代表职务所需的信息和各项保障;
(七)法律规定的其他权利。
第四条 代表应当履行下列义务:
(一)模范地遵守宪法和法律，保守国家秘密，在自己参加的生产、工作和社会活动中，协助宪法和法律的实施;
(二)按时出席本级人民代表大会会议，认真审议各项议案、报告和其他议题，发表意见，做好会议期间的各项工作;
(三)积极参加统一组织的视察、专题调研、执法检查等履职活动;
(四)加强履职学习和调查研究，不断提高执行代表职务的能力;
(五)与原选区选民或者原选举单位和人民群众保持密切联系，听取和反映他们的意见和要求，努力为人民服务;
(六)自觉遵守社会公德，廉洁自律，公道正派，勤勉尽责;
(七)法律规定的其他义务。
第五条 代表依照本法的规定在本级人民代表大会会议期间的工作和在本级人民代表大会闭会期间的活动，都是执行代表职务。
国家和社会为代表执行代表职务提供保障。
代表不脱离各自的生产和工作。代表出席本级人民代表大会会议，参加闭会期间统一组织的履职活动，应当安排好本人的生产和工作，优先执行代表职务。
第六条 代表受原选区选民或者原选举单位的监督。
第二章 代表在本级人民代表大会会议期间的工作
第七条 代表应当按时出席本级人民代表大会会议。代表因健康等特殊原因不能出席会议的，应当按照规定请假。
代表在出席本级人民代表大会会议前，应当听取人民群众的意见和建议，为会议期间执行代表职务做好准备。
第八条 代表参加大会全体会议、代表团全体会议、小组会议，审议列入会议议程的各项议案和报告。
代表可以被推选或者受邀请列席主席团会议、专门委员会会议，发表意见。
代表应当围绕会议议题发表意见，遵守议事规则。
第九条 代表有权依照法律规定的程序向本级人民代表大会提出属于本级人民代表大会职权范围内的议案。议案应当有案由、案据和方案。
代表依法提出的议案，由本级人民代表大会主席团决定是否列入会议议程，或者先交有关的专门委员会审议、提出是否列入会议议程的意见，再决定是否列入会议议程。
列入会议议程的议案，在交付大会表决前，提出议案的代表要求撤回的，经主席团同意，会议对该项议案的审议即行终止。
第十条 全国人民代表大会代表，有权依照宪法规定的程序向全国人民代表大会提出修改宪法的议案。
第十一条 代表参加本级人民代表大会的各项选举。
全国人民代表大会代表有权对主席团提名的全国人民代表大会常务委员会组成人员的人选，中华人民共和国主席、副主席的人选，中央军事委员会主席的人选，最高人民法院院长和最高人民检察院检察长的人选，全国人民代表大会各专门委员会的人选，提出意见。
县级以上的地方各级人民代表大会代表有权依照法律规定的程序提出本级人民代表大会常务委员会的组成人员，人民政府领导人员，人民法院院长，人民检察院检察长以及上一级人民代表大会代表的人选，并有权对本级人民代表大会主席团和代表依法提出的上述人员的人选提出意见。
乡、民族乡、镇的人民代表大会代表有权依照法律规定的程序提出本级人民代表大会主席、副主席和人民政府领导人员的人选，并有权对本级人民代表大会主席团和代表依法提出的上述人员的人选提出意见。
各级人民代表大会代表有权对本级人民代表大会主席团的人选，提出意见。
代表对确定的候选人，可以投赞成票，可以投反对票，可以另选他人，也可以弃权。
第十二条 全国人民代表大会代表参加决定国务院组成人员和中央军事委员会副主席、委员的人选。
全国人民代表大会和省、自治区、直辖市、自治州、设区的市的人民代表大会代表参加表决通过本级人民代表大会各专门委员会组成人员的人选。
第十三条 代表在审议议案和报告时，可以向本级有关国家机关提出询问。有关国家机关应当派负责人或者负责人员回答询问。
第十四条 全国人民代表大会会议期间，一个代表团或者三十名以上的代表联名，有权书面提出对国务院和国务院各部、各委员会，最高人民法院，最高人民检察院的质询案。
县级以上的地方各级人民代表大会代表有权依照法律规定的程序提出对本级人民政府及其所属各部门，人民法院，人民检察院的质询案。
乡、民族乡、镇的人民代表大会代表有权依照法律规定的程序提出对本级人民政府的质询案。
质询案应当写明质询对象、质询的问题和内容。
质询案按照主席团的决定由受质询机关答复。提出质询案的代表半数以上对答复不满意的，可以要求受质询机关再作答复。
第十五条 全国人民代表大会代表有权依照法律规定的程序提出对全国人民代表大会常务委员会组成人员，中华人民共和国主席、副主席，国务院组成人员，中央军事委员会组成人员，最高人民法院院长，最高人民检察院检察长的罢免案。
县级以上的地方各级人民代表大会代表有权依照法律规定的程序提出对本级人民代表大会常务委员会组成人员，人民政府组成人员，人民法院院长，人民检察院检察长的罢免案。
乡、民族乡、镇的人民代表大会代表有权依照法律规定的程序提出对本级人民代表大会主席、副主席和人民政府领导人员的罢免案。
罢免案应当写明罢免的理由。
第十六条 县级以上的各级人民代表大会代表有权依法提议组织关于特定问题的调查委员会。
第十七条 代表参加本级人民代表大会表决，可以投赞成票，可以投反对票，也可以弃权。
第十八条 代表有权向本级人民代表大会提出对各方面工作的建议、批评和意见。建议、批评和意见应当明确具体，注重反映实际情况和问题。
第三章 代表在本级人民代表大会闭会期间的活动
第十九条 县级以上的各级人民代表大会常务委员会组织本级人民代表大会代表开展闭会期间的活动。
县级以上的地方各级人民代表大会常务委员会受上一级人民代表大会常务委员会的委托，组织本级人民代表大会选举产生的上一级人民代表大会代表开展闭会期间的活动。
乡、民族乡、镇的人民代表大会主席、副主席负责组织本级人民代表大会代表开展闭会期间的活动。
第二十条 代表在闭会期间的活动以集体活动为主，以代表小组活动为基本形式。代表可以通过多种方式听取、反映原选区选民或者原选举单位的意见和要求。
第二十一条 县级以上的各级人民代表大会代表，在本级或者下级人民代表大会常务委员会协助下，可以按照便于组织和开展活动的原则组成代表小组。
县级以上的各级人民代表大会代表，可以参加下级人民代表大会代表的代表小组活动。
第二十二条 县级以上的各级人民代表大会代表根据本级人民代表大会常务委员会的统一安排，对本级或者下级国家机关和有关单位的工作进行视察。
代表按前款规定进行视察，可以提出约见本级或者下级有关国家机关负责人。被约见的有关国家机关负责人或者由他委托的负责人员应当听取代表的建议、批评和意见。
代表可以持代表证就地进行视察。县级以上的地方各级人民代表大会常务委员会根据代表的要求，联系安排本级或者上级的代表持代表证就地进行视察。
代表视察时，可以向被视察单位提出建议、批评和意见，但不直接处理问题。
第二十三条 县级以上的各级人民代表大会代表根据安排，围绕经济社会发展和关系人民群众切身利益、社会普遍关注的重大问题，开展专题调研。
第二十四条 代表参加视察、专题调研活动形成的报告，由本级人民代表大会常务委员会办事机构转交有关机关、组织。对报告中提出的意见和建议的研究处理情况应当向代表反馈。
第二十五条 代表有权依照法律规定的程序提议临时召集本级人民代表大会会议。
第二十六条 县级以上的各级人民代表大会代表可以应邀列席本级人民代表大会常务委员会会议，参加本级人民代表大会常务委员会组织的执法检查和其他活动。全国人民代表大会代表，省、自治区、直辖市、自治州、设区的市的人民代表大会代表可以应邀列席本级人民代表大会各专门委员会会议。
第二十七条 全国人民代表大会代表，省、自治区、直辖市、自治州、设区的市的人民代表大会代表可以列席原选举单位的人民代表大会会议，并可以应邀列席原选举单位的人民代表大会常务委员会会议。
第二十八条 县级以上的各级人民代表大会代表根据本级人民代表大会或者本级人民代表大会常务委员会的决定，参加关于特定问题的调查委员会。
第二十九条 县级以上的各级人民代表大会代表在本级人民代表大会闭会期间，有权向本级人民代表大会常务委员会提出对各方面工作的建议、批评和意见。建议、批评和意见应当明确具体，注重反映实际情况和问题。
第三十条 乡、民族乡、镇的人民代表大会代表在本级人民代表大会闭会期间，根据统一安排，开展调研等活动;组成代表小组，分工联系选民，反映人民群众的意见和要求。
第四章 代表执行职务的保障
第三十一条 代表在人民代表大会各种会议上的发言和表决，不受法律追究。
第三十二条 县级以上的各级人民代表大会代表，非经本级人民代表大会主席团许可，在本级人民代表大会闭会期间，非经本级人民代表大会常务委员会许可，不受逮捕或者刑事审判。如果因为是现行犯被拘留，执行拘留的机关应当立即向该级人民代表大会主席团或者人民代表大会常务委员会报告。
对县级以上的各级人民代表大会代表，如果采取法律规定的其他限制人身自由的措施，应当经该级人民代表大会主席团或者人民代表大会常务委员会许可。
人民代表大会主席团或者常务委员会受理有关机关依照本条规定提请许可的申请，应当审查是否存在对代表在人民代表大会各种会议上的发言和表决进行法律追究，或者对代表提出建议、批评和意见等其他执行职务行为打击报复的情形，并据此作出决定。
乡、民族乡、镇的人民代表大会代表，如果被逮捕、受刑事审判、或者被采取法律规定的其他限制人身自由的措施，执行机关应当立即报告乡、民族乡、镇的人民代表大会。
第三十三条 代表在本级人民代表大会闭会期间，参加由本级人民代表大会或者其常务委员会安排的代表活动，代表所在单位必须给予时间保障。
第三十四条 代表按照本法第三十三条的规定执行代表职务，其所在单位按正常出勤对待，享受所在单位的工资和其他待遇。
无固定工资收入的代表执行代表职务，根据实际情况由本级财政给予适当补贴。
第三十五条 代表的活动经费，应当列入本级财政预算予以保障，专款专用。
第三十六条 县级以上的各级人民代表大会常务委员会应当采取多种方式同本级人民代表大会代表保持联系，扩大代表对本级人民代表大会常务委员会活动的参与。
第三十七条 县级以上的地方各级人民代表大会常务委员会，应当为本行政区域内的代表执行代表职务提供必要的条件。
第三十八条 县级以上的各级人民代表大会常务委员会，各级人民政府和人民法院、人民检察院，应当及时向本级人民代表大会代表通报工作情况，提供信息资料，保障代表的知情权。
第三十九条 县级以上的各级人民代表大会常务委员会应当有计划地组织代表参加履职学习，协助代表全面熟悉人民代表大会制度、掌握履行代表职务所需的法律知识和其他专业知识。
乡、民族乡、镇的人民代表大会代表可以参加上级人民代表大会常务委员会组织的代表履职学习。
第四十条 县级以上的各级人民代表大会常务委员会的办事机构和工作机构是代表执行代表职务的集体服务机构，为代表执行代表职务提供服务保障。
第四十一条 为了便于代表执行代表职务，各级人民代表大会可以为本级人民代表大会代表制发代表证。
第四十二条 有关机关、组织应当认真研究办理代表建议、批评和意见，并自交办之日起三个月内答复。涉及面广、处理难度大的建议、批评和意见，应当自交办之日起六个月内答复。
有关机关、组织在研究办理代表建议、批评和意见的过程中，应当与代表联系沟通，充分听取意见。
代表建议、批评和意见的办理情况，应当向本级人民代表大会常务委员会报告，并印发下一次人民代表大会会议。
第四十三条 少数民族代表执行代表职务时，有关部门应当在语言文字、生活习惯等方面给予必要的帮助和照顾。
第四十四条 一切组织和个人都必须尊重代表的权利，支持代表执行代表职务。
有义务协助代表执行代表职务而拒绝履行义务的，有关单位应当予以批评教育，直至给予行政处分。
阻碍代表依法执行代表职务的，根据情节，由所在单位或者上级机关给予行政处分，或者适用《中华人民共和国治安管理处罚法》第五十条的处罚规定;以暴力、威胁方法阻碍代表依法执行代表职务的，依照刑法有关规定追究刑事责任。
对代表依法执行代表职务进行打击报复的，由所在单位或者上级机关责令改正或者给予行政处分;国家工作人员进行打击报复构成犯罪的，依照刑法有关规定追究刑事责任。
第五章 对代表的监督
第四十五条 代表应当采取多种方式经常听取人民群众对代表履职的意见，回答原选区选民或者原选举单位对代表工作和代表活动的询问，接受监督。
由选民直接选举的代表应当以多种方式向原选区选民报告履职情况。
第四十六条 代表应当正确处理从事个人职业活动与执行代表职务的关系，不得利用执行代表职务干涉具体司法案件或者招标投标等经济活动牟取个人利益。
第四十七条 选民或者选举单位有权依法罢免自己选出的代表。被提出罢免的代表有权出席罢免该代表的会议提出申辩意见，或者书面提出申辩意见。
第四十八条 代表有下列情形之一的，暂时停止执行代表职务，由代表资格审查委员会向本级人民代表大会常务委员会或者乡、民族乡、镇的人民代表大会报告:
(一)因刑事案件被羁押正在受侦查、起诉、审判的;
(二)被依法判处管制、拘役或者有期徒刑而没有附加剥夺政治权利，正在服刑的。
前款所列情形在代表任期内消失后，恢复其执行代表职务，但代表资格终止者除外。
第四十九条 代表有下列情形之一的，其代表资格终止:
(一)地方各级人民代表大会代表迁出或者调离本行政区域的;
(二)辞职被接受的;
(三)未经批准两次不出席本级人民代表大会会议的;
(四)被罢免的;
(五)丧失中华人民共和国国籍的;
(六)依照法律被剥夺政治权利的;
(七)丧失行为能力的。
第五十条 县级以上的各级人民代表大会代表资格的终止，由代表资格审查委员会报本级人民代表大会常务委员会，由本级人民代表大会常务委员会予以公告。
乡、民族乡、镇的人民代表大会代表资格的终止，由代表资格审查委员会报本级人民代表大会，由本级人民代表大会予以公告。
第六章 附 则
第五十一条 省、自治区、直辖市的人民代表大会及其常务委员会可以根据本法和本行政区域的实际情况，制定实施办法。
第五十二条 本法自公布之日起施行。
Law of the People's Republic of China on Deputies to the National People's Congress and to the Local People's Congresses at Various Levels
(Adopted at the Fifth Session of the Seventh National People's Congress on April 3，1992; revised for the first time in accordance with the Decision on Revising Certain Laws adopted at the 10th Meeting of the Standing Committee of the Eleventh National People's Congress on August 27，2009; revised for the second time in accordance with the Decision on Amending the Law of the People's Republic of China on Deputies to the National People's Congress and to the Local People's Congresses at Various Levels adopted at the 17th Meeting of the Standing Committee of the Eleventh National People's Congress on October 28，2010)
Contents
Chapter Ⅰ General Provisions
Chapter Ⅱ Work of Deputies During a Session of the People's Congress at the Corresponding Level
Chapter Ⅲ Activities of Deputies When the People's Congress at the Corresponding Level Is Not in Session
Chapter Ⅳ Guarantees for the Performance of Functions as Deputies
Chapter Ⅴ Supervision of Deputies
Chapter Ⅵ Supplementary Provisions
Chapter Ⅰ General Provisions
Article 1 This Law is formulated in accordance with the Constitution to ensure that deputies to the National People's Congress and deputies to the local people's congresses at various levels exercise their functions and powers，fulfill their duties and play their roles according to the law and in their capacity as deputies．
Article 2 Deputies to the National People's Congress and to the local people's congresses at various levels shall be elected according to the law．
Deputies to the National People's Congress are component members of the highest organ of State power，and deputies to the local people's congresses at various levels are component members of the organs of State power at the corresponding levels．
Deputies to the National People's Congress and to the local people's congresses at various levels shall，representing the interests and will of the people，participate in the exercise of State power in accordance with the functions and powers vested in the people's congresses at the corresponding levels by the Constitution and relevant laws．
Article 3 Deputies shall enjoy the following rights:
(1) attend sessions of the people's congress at the corresponding level，as well as participate in the deliberations of all proposals，reports and other subject matters，and express their opinions;
(2) jointly put forward proposals，inquiries，and proposals of removal from office in accordance with the law;
(3) put forward recommendations，criticisms and opinions on various tasks;
(4) participate in all elections of the people's congresses at the corresponding level;
(5) participate in the casting of votes regarding all matters decided by the people's congresses at the corresponding level;
(6) obtain information and various guarantees required for performing the duties of a deputy in accordance with the law; and
(7) other rights stipulated by the law．
Article 4 A deputy shall perform the following duties:
(1) play an exemplary role in abiding by the Constitution and the law，and keep State secrets，as well as assist in the implementation of the Constitution and the law in the production，work and social activities in which he or she participates;
(2) attend sessions of the people's congress at the corresponding level punctually，and conscientiously deliberate all proposals，reports and other subject matters，express opinions，and perform all tasks conscientiously during the sessions;
(3) actively participate in the performance of duties that are unitarily organized，such as inspections，thematic investigation and research，and law enforcement inspections;
(4) strengthen learning of duty performance as a deputy，enhance investigation and research，and continually improve the capability in carrying out the duties of a deputy;
(5) maintain close contact with the voters of their home constituencies or electoral units as well as the people and the general public，listen to，and reflect their opinions and requests，and strive to serve the people;
(6) consciously abide by social ethics，and be honest and self-disciplined，just and upright，as well as diligent and responsible; and
(7) other duties stipulated by the law．
Article 5 Deputies' work carried out according to the provisions of this Law，when the people's congresses at the corresponding levels are in session，and their activities conducted according to the provisions of this Law，when the people's congresses at the corresponding levels are not in session，shall all constitute the performance of their duties as deputies．
The State and society shall provide guarantees for deputies in their performance of duties as deputies．
Deputies shall not be removed from their respective production and work．Deputies shall properly arrange their production and work and give priority to the performance of duties as a deputy when attending sessions of the people's congress at the corresponding level，as well as participating in the performance of duties as a deputy that are unitarily organized during the period when the people's congresses are not in session．
Article 6 Deputies shall be subject to supervision by the voters of their home constituencies or electoral units．
Chapter Ⅱ Work of Deputies During a Session of the People's Congressat the Corresponding Level
Article 7 Deputies shall attend sessions of the people's congress at the corresponding level on time．Deputies who are unable to attend the sessions due to special reasons such as health shall apply for leave of absence according to regulations．
Prior to attending a session of the people's congress at the corresponding level，deputies shall listen to the opinions and recommendations of the people and the public，and shall be well-prepared to perform the duties of a deputy during the period when the people's congress is at session．
Article 8 Deputies when attending plenary meetings of the general assembly，plenary sessions of a delegation，and small group sessions shall deliberate all proposals and reports listed in the agenda of the sessions．
Deputies may attend，upon recommendation or invitation，and as nonvoting participants，meetings of the Presidium or meetings of the special committees and advance their opinions．
Deputies shall express opinions pertaining to the theme of the session，and shall abide by the rules of procedures．
Article 9 Deputies shall have the right，in accordance with procedures prescribed by the law，to submit to the people's congress at the corresponding level proposals within the scope of its functions and powers．Proposals submitted shall consist of subjects，grounds and schemes．
The Presidium of the people's congresses at the corresponding level shall decide whether to list proposals put forward according to the law by deputies in the agenda of the session，or to first hand them to the relevant special committees to be deliberated for opinions as to whether they shall be listed in the agenda of the session before deciding whether or not to do so．
Deliberations on a proposal already placed on the agenda of a session shall be terminated subject to approval by the Presidium upon a request for its withdrawal made by the sponsor deputy before it is put to vote at the session．
Article 10 Deputies to the National People's Congress shall have the right，in accordance with the procedures prescribed by the Constitution，to submit to the National People's Congress bills on the amendment to the Constitution．
Article 11 Deputies shall participate in the elections conducted by the people's congress at the corresponding level．
Deputies to the National People's Congress shall have the right to advance opinions on candidates nominated by the Presidium for the component members of the Standing Committee of the National People's Congress，President and Vice-President of the People's Republic of China，Chairman of the Central Military Commission，President of the Supreme People's Court and Procurator-General of the Supreme People's Procuratorate and candidates for the various special committees of the National People's Congress．
Deputies to the local people's congresses at or above the county level shall have the right，in accordance with the procedures prescribed by the law，to nominate candidates for the component members of the standing committees of the people's congresses，leading members of the people's governments，presidents of the people's courts and procuratorsgeneral of the people's procuratorates at the corresponding levels，as well as candidates for the deputies to the people's congresses at the next higher levels，and shall have the right to advance opinions on the aforesaid candidates nominated according to the law by the presidiums and deputies to the people's congresses at the corresponding levels．
Deputies to the people's congresses of townships，ethnic townships and towns shall have the right，in accordance with stipulated procedures，to nominate candidates for chairpersons，vice-chairpersons of the people's congresses and leading members of the people's governments at the corresponding level，and shall have the right to put forward opinions on the aforesaid candidates nominated according to the law by the Presidium and the deputies to the people's congresses at the corresponding level．
Deputies to the people's congresses at various levels shall have the right to advance opinions on the candidates for the presidiums of the people's congresses at the corresponding levels．
With respect to a candidate that has been determined，deputies may vote for or against，or vote for another person instead，or abstain from voting．
Article 12 Deputies to the National People's Congress shall participate in deciding on the choice of the component members of the State Council，and Vice-Chairpersons and members of the Central Military Commission．
Deputies to the National People's Congress and to the people's congresses of provinces，autonomous regions，municipalities directly under the Central Government，autonomous prefectures and cities divided into districts shall participate in the vote for determining the component members of various special committees of the people's congresses at the corresponding levels．
Article 13 During deliberations on a proposal or report，deputies may make inquiries to the relevant State organs at the corresponding level，and such organs shall send their leading cadres or persons in charge to answer the inquiries．
Article 14 During a session of the National People's Congress，a delegation or a group of thirty or more deputies shall have the right to jointly make a proposal in writing for addressing inquiries to the State Council，the ministries and commissions under the State Council，the Supreme People's Court and the Supreme People's Procuratorate．
Deputies to the people's congresses at or above the county level shall have the right，in accordance with the procedures prescribed by the law，to make proposals for addressing inquiries to the people's governments and governmental departments，the people's courts and the people's procuratorates at the corresponding levels．
Deputies to the people's congresses of townships，nationality townships or towns shall have the right，in accordance with the procedures prescribed by the law，to make proposals for addressing inquiries to the people's governments at the corresponding levels．
In a written proposal for addressing inquiries，the person to be inquired and the subject and content to be inquired about shall be clearly stated．
A proposal for addressing inquiries shall，according to a decision of the Presidium，be replied by the State organ inquired．If half or more of the deputies who made the proposal for addressing inquiries are not satisfied with the reply，they may demand another reply from the organ in question．
Article 15 Deputies to the National People's Congress shall have the right，in accordance with the procedures prescribed by the law，to make a proposal for the removal from office of a member of the Standing Committee of the National People's Congress，the President or Vice-President of the People's Republic of China，a component member of the State Council，a component member of the Central Military Commission，the President of the Supreme People's Court or the Procurator-General of the Supreme People's Procuratorate．
Deputies to a local people's congress at or above the county level have the right，in accordance with the procedures prescribed by the law，to make a proposal for the removal from office of a component member of the standing committee of the people's congress，a component member of the people's government，the president of the people's court or the procurator-general of the people's procuratorate at the corresponding level．
Deputies to people's congresses of townships，ethnic townships and towns shall have the right，in accordance with the procedures prescribed by the law，to put forward a proposal to remove from office the chairman，vice-chairman of the people's congresses and the leading members of the people's government at the corresponding level．
In a proposal for removal from office，the reasons for the removal shall be clearly stated．
Article 16 Deputies to a people's congress at or above the county level shall have the right to put forward，according to the law，a proposal for setting up a committee for the investigation of a specific question．
Article 17 Deputies may，in a vote conducted by the people's congress at the corresponding level，cast an affirmative vote or a negative vote or abstain from voting．
Article 18 Deputies shall have the right to put forward recommendations，criticisms and opinions as regards all aspects of tasks to the people's congresses at the corresponding level．Recommendations，criticisms and opinions shall be clear and specific，with an emphasis on reflecting actual situations and issues．
Chapter Ⅲ Activities of Deputies When the People's Congress atthe Corresponding LevelIsNot in Session
Article 19 The standing committee of a people's congress at or above the county level shall organize deputies to the people's congress at the corresponding level to carry out activities when the people's congress at the corresponding level is not in session．
The standing committee of a local people's congress at or above the county level shall，upon the commission of the standing committee of the people's congress at the next higher level，organize the deputies to the people's congress at the next higher level who are elected by the people's congress at the corresponding level to carry out activities when the people's congress at the next higher level is not in session．
The chairman and vice-chairman of the people's congress of a township，ethnic township and town shall be responsible for organizing deputies to the people's congress at the corresponding level to carry out activities when the people's congress is not in session．
Article 20 Activities of deputies when the people's congresses are not in session shall be dominated by group activities，with small group activities for deputies as the basic format．Deputies may listen and reflect the opinions and requests of the voters of their home constituencies or electoral units through numerous methods．
Article 21 Deputies to the people's congresses at or above the county level may，with the assistance of the standing committees of the people's congresses at the corresponding levels or lower levels，form themselves into deputy groups in the light of the principle of facilitating the organization and conduct of their activities．
Deputies to the people's congresses at or above the county level may take part in the group activities of deputies to the people's congresses at lower levels．
Article 22 Deputies to the people's congresses at or above the county level may，in line with the unified arrangements made by the standing committees of the people's congresses at the corresponding levels，carry out inspections on the work of the State organs and relevant units at the corresponding levels or lower levels．
Deputies may，during inspections conducted in accordance with the provisions of the preceding paragraph，suggest an interview with the responsible personnel of the relevant State organs at the corresponding or lower levels．The responsible personnel to be interviewed of the State organs concerned or the persons in charge entrusted by such personnel shall listen to the proposals，criticisms or opinions of the deputies．
Deputies may conduct on-the-spot inspections in their respective localities on the strength of their deputy cards．The standing committees of the local people's congresses at or above the county level shall，upon requests by deputies，make arrangements for deputies to the people's congresses at the corresponding or higher levels to conduct on-the-spot inspections in their respective localities on the strength of their deputy cards．
Deputies may，during their inspections，put forward proposals，criticisms or opinions to the units inspected，but shall not deal with the problems directly．
Article 23 Deputies to people's congresses at or above the county level shall，according to arrangements，embark on thematic surveys and research on socio-economic development as well as important issues that concern the immediate interests of the masses of people as well as that to which the public generally pay close attention．
Article 24 Reports that are formulated by deputies who have participated in inspection and thematic survey and research activities shall be handed to the relevant departments or organizations by the administrative bodies of standing committees of the people's congress at the corresponding level．Feedback shall be given to deputies as regards the results of research and handling of the opinions and recommendations put forward in the reports．
Article 25 Deputies shall have the right，in accordance with the procedures prescribed by the law，to propose the convening of an interim session of the people's congress at the corresponding level．
Article 26 The various deputies to the people's congresses at or above the county level may be invited to attend，as nonvoting participants，meetings of the standing committees of people's congresses at the corresponding level，as well as participate in the enforcement inspections and other activities organized by the standing committees of the people's congresses at the corresponding level．The deputies to the National People's Congress and the deputies to the people's congresses of provinces，autonomous regions，municipalities directly under the Central Government and cities with districts may be invited to attend，as nonvoting participants，various meetings of special committees of the people's congresses at the corresponding level．
Article 27 Deputies to the National People's Congress and those to the people's congresses of provinces，autonomous regions，municipalities directly under the Central Government，autonomous prefectures or cities divided into districts may attend，as nonvoting participants，meetings of the people's congresses of the electoral units that elected them，and may also attend，upon invitation and as nonvoting participants，meetings of the standing committees of the people's congresses of the electoral units that elected them．
Article 28 Deputies to the people's congresses at or above the county level shall，according to decisions of the people's congresses at the corresponding levels or of their standing committees，join the committees for the investigation of specific questions．
Article 29 Deputies to the various people's congresses at or above the county level shall have the right to put forward recommendations，criticisms and opinions on all tasks to the standing committees of people's congresses at the corresponding level when the people's congresses at the corresponding level are not in session．The recommendations，criticisms and opinions shall be clear and specific，with an emphasis on reflecting actual situations and issues．
Article 30 Deputies of people's congresses at townships，ethnic townships and towns shall，according to centralized arrangements，embark on activities such as surveys and research when the people's congresses are not in session; deputies may form small groups，and contact the electorate by means of division of labor，and reflect the opinions and requests of the masses of people．
Chapter Ⅳ Guarantees for the Performance of Functions as Deputies
Article 31 Deputies shall hold no legal liability for their speeches or votes at various meetings of the people's congresses．
Article 32 No deputy to a people's congress at or above the county level may be arrested or placed on criminal trial without the approval of the Presidium of the people's congress at the corresponding level，or without the approval of its standing committee when the people's congress is not in session．If a deputy is caught in the act and detained，the organ executing the detention shall immediately report the matter to the Presidium or the standing committee of the people's congress at the corresponding level．
If any other measure restricting personal freedom as prescribed by the law is imposed on a deputy to a people's congress at or above the county level，it shall be subject to the approval of the Presidium or the standing committee of the people's congress at the corresponding level．
The Presidium or the standing committees of people's congresses that receive applications for approval put forward by relevant departments in accordance with the provisions of this Article，shall review whether such applications contain investigations for legal liabilities against the speeches or voting made by a deputy at various meetings of the people's congresses，or whether these are retaliation against other duties performed by the deputy such as making recommendations，criticisms，and opinions，and shall make a decision based on the review．
If a deputy to the people's congress of a township，nationality township or town is arrested or placed on criminal trial，or subjected to any other measures restricting personal freedom as prescribed by the law，the executing organ shall immediately report the matter to the people's congress of the township，nationality township or town．
Article 33 Where a deputy participates in activities as deputy arranged by the people's congress at the corresponding level or its standing committee when the people's congress is not in session，the unit where the deputy works must ensure him or her the needed time．
Article 34 The performance by a deputy of his or her functions as deputy in accordance with the provisions of Article 33 of this Law shall be regarded as normal attendance by his or her unit and the wage and other benefits of the unit shall be duly enjoyed by the deputy．
Deputies with no fixed income of wages or salaries shall，for the performance of their functions as deputies，be appropriately subsidized by the governmental finance at the corresponding level in light of the specific circumstances．
Article 35 Funds for activities of deputies shall be listed under the financial budget of the governments at the corresponding level and shall be guaranteed，earmarked for specific purposes．
Article 36 Standing committees of all people's congresses at or above the county level shall adopt various methods to keep in contact with the deputies to the people's congresses at the corresponding level，expanding the participation of deputies in the activities of the standing committees of people's congresses at the corresponding level．
Article 37 The standing committees of the local people's congresses at or above the county level shall provide necessary conditions for deputies within their respective administrative areas to perform their functions as deputies．
Article 38 Standing committees of all people's congresses at or above the county level，and the people's governments，the people's courts and the people's procuratorates at all levels shall promptly report their work performance to the deputies to the people's congresses at the corresponding level，providing information，and ensuring the deputies' right to information．
Article 39 Standing committees of all people's congresses at or above the county level shall systematically arrange for deputies to participate in learning the duties of a deputy，and assist deputies in becoming familiarized with the people's congress system，as well as an understanding of legal knowledge and other professional knowledge that are required in performing the duties of a deputy．
Deputies to the people's congresses of townships，ethnic townships and towns may participate in the training to learn the duties of a deputy organized by the standing committees of people's congresses at the next higher level．
Article 40 Administrative entities and work entities of standing committees of all people's congresses at or above the county level are the collective service entities for deputies performing their duties and shall guarantee the provision of services for deputies in the performance of their duties．
Article 41 For the convenience of deputies' performance of their functions as deputies，the people's congresses at various levels may make and issue deputy cards to deputies to the people's congresses at the corresponding levels．
Article 42 Relevant departments and organizations shall conscientiously study and handle the recommendations，criticisms and opinions of deputies，and shall respond within three months from the date such recommendations，criticisms and opinions are handed to them．Where the recommendations，criticism and opinions involve wide aspects or where there is a difficulty in handling the same，a response shall be given within six months from the date the recommendations，criticism and opinions are handed to them．
In the process of studying and handling the recommendations，criticisms and opinions of deputies，the relevant departments and organizations shall contact and communicate with the deputies，and listen fully to their opinions．
The handling of recommendations，criticisms and opinions of deputies shall be reported to the standing committees of people's congresses at the corresponding level，and shall be printed and distributed at the next session of people's congresses．
Article 43 When deputies of minority nationalities perform their functions as deputies，the departments concerned shall provide them with necessary help and give special considerations in such aspects as languages，both spoken and written，habits and customs．
Article 44 All organizations and individuals shall respect the rights of deputies and support them in their performance of functions as deputies．
Whoever is obligated to assist deputies in their performance of functions as deputies but refuses to do so shall be admonished，criticized，even subjected to administrative sanctions by the unit concerned．
Whoever obstructs deputies from performing their functions as deputies according to the law shall be subjected to administrative sanctions by the unit to which he or she belongs or by the department at the higher level，or shall be punished in accordance with the relevant provisions of Article 50 of the Law of the People's Republic of China on Penalties for Administration of Public Security．Whoever obstructs，by means of violence or threat，deputies from performing their functions as deputies according to the law shall be investigated for criminal responsibility in accordance with the relevant provisions of the Criminal Law．
Whoever retaliates against deputies in their performance of functions as deputies according to law shall be ordered to make corrections or be subjected to administrative sanctions by his or her unit of the department at the higher level．If a state functionary commits retaliation，which constitutes a crime，criminal liability shall be investigated for according to the relevant provisions of the Criminal Law．
Chapter Ⅴ Supervision of Deputies
Article 45 Deputies shall employ a variety of methods to frequently listen to the opinions of the masses of people as regards the performance of duties of the deputies，as well as respond to the inquiries of voters of their home constituencies or electoral units as regards the work and activities of the deputies，and be subjected to supervision．
Deputies that are directly elected by the electorate shall report the state of performance of duties to the voters of their home constituencies through various means．
Article 46 Deputies shall properly handle the relationship between the personal profession activities in which they are engaged and the performance of their duties as deputies．They shall not take advantage of performance of functions as deputies to interfere with specific judicial cases or seek personal gains from such economic activities as tenders and biddings．
Article 47 The electorate or electoral unit shall have the right to remove from office the deputy they have elected．The deputy to be removed from office shall have the right to attend the meeting for the removal from office to defend himself or herself，or to present his or her self-defense in writing．
Article 48 Where a deputy is involved in one of the following circumstances，he or she shall be suspended from performance of duties as deputy，and a report shall be made by the credential committee to the standing committee of the people's congress at the corresponding level or to the people's congress of the township，ethnic township and town:
(1) who is held in custody and is under investigation，prosecution or tried for criminal cases; or
(2) who has been sentenced to surveillance，criminal detention or fixed-term imprisonment，without additional punishment of being deprived of their political rights，and is currently serving his or her sentence．
As soon as the circumstances specified in the preceding paragraph no longer exist during the term of the deputy in question，the performance of his or her functions as deputy shall be restored，except for the one who is disqualified as a deputy．
Article 49 A deputy involved in any of the following circumstances shall be disqualified as a deputy:
(1) a deputy to a local people's congress at any level who has moved or is transferred away from the corresponding administrative area;
(2) his or her resignation as a deputy being accepted;
(3) being absent，without approval，from two sessions of the people's congress at the corresponding level;
(4) being removed from the office of deputy;
(5) having forfeited the nationality of the People's Republic of China;
(6) being deprived of political rights in accordance with the law; or
(7) Loss of capacity for conduct．
Article 50 The disqualification of a deputy to a people's congress at or above the county level shall be reported by the credential committee of the standing committee of the people's congress at the corresponding level and the said standing committed shall make an announcement therein．
The disqualification of a deputy to the people's congress of a township，nationality township or town shall be reported by the credential committee of the people's congress at the corresponding level and the said people's congress shall make an announcement therein．
Chapter Ⅵ Supplementary Provisions
Article 51 The people's congresses of provinces，autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the Central Government and their standing committees may，in accordance with this Law and in light of the actual conditions of their respective administrative areas，formulate measures for implementation．
Article 52 This Law shall go into effect as of the date of promulgation．