Others
Decision of the Standing Committee of the National People's Congress on Revising the State Compensation Law of the People's Republic of China
(Adopted at the 14th Meeting of the Standing Committee of the Eleventh National People's Congress on April 29，2010，promulgated by Order No．29 of the President of the People's Republic of China on April 29，2010，and effective as of December 1，2010)
At its 14th Meeting，the Standing Committee of the Eleventh National People's Congress decided to make the following amendments to the State Compensation Law of the People's Republic of China:
1．Article 2 is revised to read，“Where State organs or State functionaries，in exercising their functions and powers，infringe upon the legitimate rights and interests of citizens，legal persons and other organizations，thereby causing damage to them，the victims shall have the right to State compensation in accordance with this Law．
“The organs liable for compensation，as stipulated by this Law，shall pay compensation in accordance with this Law in a timely manner．”
2．Subparagraph (3) of Article 3 is revised to read，“(3) Using or instigating or allowing others to use violence or abuse，thereby causing bodily injury or death to a citizen”．
3．Subparagraph (3) of Article 4 is revised to read，“(3) Illegally expropriating or acquisitioning property”．
4．The third paragraph of Article 6 is revised to read，“In the case of closure of an injured legal person or other organization，the party that succeeds to the former's rights shall have the right to demand compensation．”
5．Article 9 is revised to read，“An organ liable for compensation shall provide compensation in the event of any of the circumstances stipulated in Articles 3 and 4 of this Law．
“A claimant who demands compensation shall first apply to the organ liable for the compensation，or may make demands for it simultaneously when applying for administrative reconsideration of the case or when bringing an administrative action．”
6．One paragraph is added as the third paragraph of Article 12，which reads，“If the claimant is not the victim himself，he shall explain his relationship with the victim and provide corresponding evidence．”
One paragraph is added as the fourth paragraph，which reads，“If a claimant submits an application in person，the organ liable for compensation shall issue a written proof on site affixed with the special seal of the administrative organ and marked with the date of receipt．If the application materials are incomplete，the organ liable for compensation shall，either on site or within five days，inform the claimant in a single notice of all the contents to be supplemented or corrected．”
7．Article 13 is divided into Article 13 and Article 14，which are revised to read，Article 13:“The organ liable for compensation shall，within two months from the date of receiving the application，make a decision on whether or not to make compensation．To make such a decision，the organ liable for compensation shall listen to the opinions of the claimant and negotiate with him in accordance with the provisions of Chapter Ⅳ of this Law regarding the form of compensation，items to be compensated，and amount of compensation．
“Where an organ liable for compensation decides to make compensation，it shall prepare a written compensation decision and deliver the same to the claimant within ten days from the date the decision is made．
“Where the organ liable for compensation decides to reject the compensation claim，it shall notify the claimant in writing and explain the reasons within ten days from the date the decision is made．”
Article 14:“If the organ liable for compensation fails to make a decision on whether or not to make compensation within the prescribed time limit，the claimant may initiate legal proceedings against the organ in a people's court within three months from the date the prescribed time limit is expired．
“If the claimant opposes the form，items or amount of compensation，or the organ liable for compensation makes a decision to reject the compensation claim，the claimant may initiate legal proceedings in a people's court within three months from the date the decision is made．”
8．One article is added as Article 15，which reads，“Where a people's court tries an administrative compensation case，the claimant and organ liable for compensation shall provide evidence for their cases．
“During the period when the organ liable for compensation adopts administrative detainment or other compulsory measures involving the restriction of freedom of person，and the person subject to restriction of freedom dies or is incapacitated，the organ liable for compensation shall provide evidence proving whether or not a cause and effect relationship exists between the act of the organ and the said person's death or loss of capacity．”
9．Article 14 is changed to be Article 16，and the second paragraph is revised to read，“Those who are responsible due to intention or gross negligence shall be given sanctions by the relevant organ in accordance with the law; if a crime has been constituted，they shall be investigated for criminal responsibility in accordance with the law．”
10．Article 15 is changed to be Article 17 and revised to read，“The victim shall have the right to compensation if an organ in charge of investigatory，procuratorial or judicial duties and powers or an organ in charge of detention house or prison administration work，or its functionaries，infringes personal rights in the exercise of functions and powers in any of the following circumstances:
“(1) Detaining a citizen in violation of the provisions of the Criminal Procedure Law，or detaining a citizen in accordance with the conditions and procedures stipulated by the Criminal Procedure Law but for a period longer than the time limit prescribed by the Criminal Procedure Law and then deciding to withdraw the case，waive the suit，or declare the citizen innocent and terminating the pursuance of criminal liabilities;
“(2) After arresting a citizen，deciding to withdraw the case，waive the suit or declare the citizen innocent and terminating the pursuance of criminal liabilities;
“(3) Innocence is found in a retrial held in accordance with the procedure of adjudication supervision，but the original sentence has already been executed;
“(4) Extortion of a confession by torture，or causing bodily injury or death to a citizen by using or instigating and allowing others to use violence，such as assault or abuse; or
“(5) Causing bodily injury or death to a citizen by the unlawful use of a weapon or police restraining equipment．”
11．Article 16 is changed to be Article 18 and revised to read，“The victim shall have the right to compensation if an organ in charge of investigatory，procuratorial and judicial duties and powers or an organ in charge of detention house or prison administration work，or its functionaries，infringes property rights in any of the following circumstances:
“(1) Unlawfully taking measures such as sealing up，seizing，freezing or recovering property; or
“(2) Innocence is found in a retrial held in accordance with the procedure of adjudication supervision，but the fine or confiscation of property in the original sentence has already been executed．”
12．Article 17 is changed to be Article 19，and subparagraph (3) is revised to read，“(3) The person taken into custody cannot be investigated for criminal responsibility in accordance with Article 15 and Paragraph 2 of Article 142 of the Criminal Procedure Law”．
Subparagraph (4) is revised to read，“(4) Individual acts of functionaries of organs in charge of investigatory，procuratorial and judicial duties and powers or an organ in charge of detention house or prison administration work，which have nothing to do with the exercise of their functions and powers”．
13．Article 19 is changed to be Article 21 and revised to read，“If an organ in charge of investigatory，procuratorial and judicial duties and powers or an organ in charge of detention house or prison administration work，or its functionaries，infringes upon the rights and interests of a citizen，a legal person or other organization，in the exercise of its functions and powers，thereby causing damage，that organ shall be liable for compensation．
“If State compensation is to be made to a person for being detained in accordance with the provisions of this Law，the detaining organ shall be liable for compensation．
“If，after a citizen is arrested，a decision is made to withdraw the case，waive the suit，or declare the citizen innocent，the organ that made the arrest decision shall be liable for compensation．
“If a person is adjudged not guilty in a retrial，the people's court passing the original legally effective judgment shall be liable for compensation．If a person is adjudged not guilty by a court in the second instance，or adjudged not guilty after the second-instance case is remanded for retrial，the court passing the original first-instance sentence shall be liable for compensation．”
14．Article 20 is changed to be Article 22 and revised to read，“An organ liable for compensation shall pay compensation if it is involved in any of the circumstances stipulated in the provisions of Articles 17 and 18 of this Law．
“A claimant to compensation shall first apply to the organ liable for compensation．
“The provisions of Articles 11 and 12 of this Law shall be applicable to the compensation claim filed by a claimant．”
15．Article 21 is divided into Article 23 and Article 24，which are revised to read，Article 23:“The organ liable for compensation shall，within two months from the date of receiving the application，make a decision on whether or not to make compensation．To make such a decision，the organ liable for compensation shall listen to the opinions of the claimant and negotiate with him in accordance with the provisions of Chapter Ⅳ of this Law regarding the form of compensation，items of compensation and amount of compensation．
“Where an organ liable for compensation decides to make compensation，it shall prepare a written compensation decision and deliver the same to the claimant within ten days from the date the decision is made．
“Where the organ liable for compensation decides to reject the compensation claim，it shall notify the claimant in writing and explain the reasons within ten days from the date the decision is made．”
Article 24:“If the organ liable for compensation fails to make a decision on whether or not to make compensation within the prescribed time limit，the claimant may apply for reconsideration to an organ at the next higher level within thirty days from the date the prescribed time limit is expired．
“If the claimant opposes the form，items or amount of compensation，or the organ liable for compensation decides to reject the compensation claim，the claimant may apply for reconsideration to an organ at the next higher level within thirty days from the date the decision is made．
“If the organ liable for compensation is a people's court，the claimant to compensation may，in accordance with the provisions of this Article，apply to the compensation commission of a people's court at the next higher level for a decision on compensation．”
16．Article 22 is changed to be Article 25，and the second paragraph is revised to read，“A claimant to compensation who refuses to accept the outcome of the reconsideration，may，within thirty days from the date of receiving the decision，apply for a decision on compensation to the compensation commission of the people's court at the same level in the locality where the administrative reconsideration organ is situated; if the administrative reconsideration organ fails to make a decision within the prescribed time limit，the claimant to compensation may，within thirty days from the date the prescribed time limit is expired， apply for a decision to the compensation commission of the people's court at the same level in the locality where the administrative reconsideration organ is situated．”
17．One article is added as Article 26，which reads，“Where the compensation commission of the people's court handles a compensation claim，the claimant and organ liable for compensation shall provide evidence proving their allegations．
“Where the detainee dies or is incapacitated during the period of detainment，the organ liable for compensation shall provide evidence proving whether or not a cause and effect relationship exists between the acts of the organ and the said person's death or loss of capacity．”
18．One article is added as Article 27，which reads，“The compensation commission of the people's court shall handle compensation claims by examining the written applications．When necessary，it may conduct investigations with and collect evidence from the relevant entities and persons．If there is any disagreement between the claimant and the organ liable for compensation regarding the facts of damage and the cause and effect relationship，the compensation commission may listen to the statements and arguments made by both the claimant and the organ liable for compensation，and may also conduct cross-examinations．”
19．One article is added as Article 28，which reads，“The compensation commission of the people's court shall make a decision within three months of receiving the application for compensation．If the case is of a difficult or complex nature or major significance，an extension of three months shall be granted，subject to the approval of the president of the concerned court．”
20．Article 23 is changed to be Article 29，and the first paragraph is revised to read，“People's courts at or above the intermediate level shall establish a compensation commission which is composed of three or more judges and is in an odd number．”
21．One article is added as Article 30，which reads，“If the claimant or organ liable for compensation believes that a decision made by the compensation commission is incorrect，the claimant or the organ may file a petition with the compensation commission of the people's court at the next higher level．
“After the compensation decision made by the compensation commission becomes effective，if it is discovered that the compensation decision violates the provisions of this Law，the aforesaid commission shall，subject to a decision of the president of the court or the instructions given by the people's court at a higher level，reexamine the case within two months and make a decision in accordance with the law，or the compensation commission of the people's court at the next higher level may directly examine the case and make a decision．
“If the Supreme People's Procuratorate discovers that any decision made by the compensation commission of the people's court at any level violates this Law，or the people's procuratorate discovers such a violation in the decision made by the compensation commission of the people's court at a lower level，the procuratorial organ shall advise the compensation commission of the people's court at the same level，which shall reexamine the case within two months and make a decision．”
22．Article 24 is changed to be Article 31，and the second paragraph is revised to read，“Persons responsible for their involvement in the circumstances as prescribed in the preceding paragraph shall be given disciplinary sanctions by the relevant organ in accordance with the law; if a crime is constituted，criminal responsibility shall be investigated in accordance with the law．”
23．Article 27 is changed to be Article 34，and subparagraph (1) of the first paragraph is revised to read，“(1) In the case of bodily injury，medical expenses，nursing expenses as well as compensation for loss of income due to missed working time shall be paid．Daily compensation for the loss of income shall be assessed in accordance with the national average daily pay of staff and workers the previous year and the maximum amount shall be five times the national average yearly pay of staff and workers the previous year”．
Subparagraph (2) of the first paragraph is revised to read，“(2) In the case of the loss of part or whole of a person's working capability，medical expenses，nursing expenses，fees for ancillary equipment for the disabled，rehabilitation fees and other necessary expenses caused due to disability，the expenses required for continued treatment，and disability compensation shall be paid．The disability compensation shall be determined in accordance with the degree of working capability lost and the level of injury or disability as stipulated by the State，and the maximum amount shall be no more than twenty times the national average yearly pay of staff and workers the previous year．With regard to persons who suffer from complete loss of working capability，living expenses shall be paid to their dependants who are incapable of work”．
The second paragraph is revised to read，“The standard for payment of living expenses provided in Subparagraphs (2) and (3) in the preceding paragraph shall be handled by using，for reference，the minimum indemnification standards of the local area．If the dependants are minors，their living expenses shall be paid until they reach the age of 18; other dependants incapable of work shall have their living expenses paid until their death．”
24．Article 30 is changed to be Article 35 and revised to read，“If mental harm is caused to the victim under any one of the circumstances prescribed in Article 3 or Article 17 of this Law，the organ liable for compensation shall，within the scope of influence caused by the act of tort，eliminate the ill effects for the victim，rehabilitate his or her reputation，and offer an apology．If serious consequences are caused，a corresponding amount of mental injury compensation shall be paid．”
25．Article 28 is changed to be Article 36，and subparagraph (1) is revised to read，“(1) If a fine has been imposed or the recovery or confiscation of property has been ordered，or property has been expropriated or appropriated illegally，such property shall be returned”．
Subparagraph (1) is revised to read，“(5) If the property has been sold or has been sold by auction，the proceeds of the auction or sale shall be paid; if such proceeds are obviously lower than the value of the property，a corresponding amount of compensation shall be made”．
One subparagraph is added as subparagraph (7)，which reads，“(7) In the case of returning the fines that have been executed or money that has been recovered or confiscated，or in the case of unfreezing deposits or remittance，interest shall be paid according to the corresponding interest rate for bank deposits”．
26．Article 29 is changed to be Article 37 and revised to read，“The compensation expenses shall be incorporated in the financial budget at various levels．
“The claimant shall request the compensation payment from the organ liable for compensation，by presenting a valid written judgment，written reconsideration decision，written compensation decision or mediation statement．
“The organ liable for compensation shall，according to its limit of budgetary management authority，file an application for payment with the relevant financial department within seven days of receiving the request for compensation payment．The financial department shall make a compensation payment within 15 days of receiving such an application．
“The specific measures for management of compensation budgets and payments shall be provided by the State Council．”
27．Article 32 is changed to be Article 39，and the first paragraph is revised to read，“The limitation for claiming State compensation is two years，calculated from the day when the claimant is aware or should be aware of the fact that the exercise of the functions and powers by a State organ and its functionaries has violated his or her rights of person or property，however，the period of detention of the victim shall not be counted．If the compensation claim is filed while applying for administrative reconsideration or filing for administrative action，the statutes of limitations provided in the Administrative Reconsideration Law and the Administrative Procedure Law shall apply．”
This Decision shall go into effect as of October 1，2010．
The State Compensation Law of the People's Republic of China shall be revised in accordance with this Decision and the order of articles rearranged correspondingly，and the Law shall be promulgated anew．
中华人民共和国国家赔偿法
(1994年5月12日第八届全国人民代表大会常务委员会第七次会议通过 根据2010年4月29日第十一届全国人民代表大会常务委员会第十四次会议《关于修改〈中华人民共和国国家赔偿法〉的决定》修正)
目 录
第一章 总 则
第二章 行政赔偿
第一节 赔偿范围
第二节 赔偿请求人和赔偿义务机关
第三节 赔偿程序
第三章 刑事赔偿
第一节 赔偿范围
第二节 赔偿请求人和赔偿义务机关
第三节 赔偿程序
第四章 赔偿方式和计算标准
第五章 其他规定
第六章 附 则
第一章 总 则
第一条 为保障公民、法人和其他组织享有依法取得国家赔偿的权利，促进国家机关依法行使职权，根据宪法，制定本法。
第二条 国家机关和国家机关工作人员行使职权，有本法规定的侵犯公民、法人和其他组织合法权益的情形，造成损害的，受害人有依照本法取得国家赔偿的权利。
本法规定的赔偿义务机关，应当依照本法及时履行赔偿义务。
第二章 行政赔偿
第一节 赔偿范围
第三条 行政机关及其工作人员在行使行政职权时有下列侵犯人身权情形之一的，受害人有取得赔偿的权利:
(一)违法拘留或者违法采取限制公民人身自由的行政强制措施的;
(二)非法拘禁或者以其他方法非法剥夺公民人身自由的;
(三)以殴打、虐待等行为或者唆使、放纵他人以殴打、虐待等行为造成公民身体伤害或者死亡的;
(四)违法使用武器、警械造成公民身体伤害或者死亡的;
(五)造成公民身体伤害或者死亡的其他违法行为。
第四条 行政机关及其工作人员在行使行政职权时有下列侵犯财产权情形之一的，受害人有取得赔偿的权利:
(一)违法实施罚款、吊销许可证和执照、责令停产停业、没收财物等行政处罚的;
(二)违法对财产采取查封、扣押、冻结等行政强制措施的;
(三)违法征收、征用财产的;
(四)造成财产损害的其他违法行为。
第五条 属于下列情形之一的，国家不承担赔偿责任:
(一)行政机关工作人员与行使职权无关的个人行为;
(二)因公民、法人和其他组织自己的行为致使损害发生的;
(三)法律规定的其他情形。
第二节 赔偿请求人和赔偿义务机关
第六条 受害的公民、法人和其他组织有权要求赔偿。
受害的公民死亡，其继承人和其他有扶养关系的亲属有权要求赔偿。
受害的法人或者其他组织终止的，其权利承受人有权要求赔偿。
第七条 行政机关及其工作人员行使行政职权侵犯公民、法人和其他组织的合法权益造成损害的，该行政机关为赔偿义务机关。
两个以上行政机关共同行使行政职权时侵犯公民、法人和其他组织的合法权益造成损害的，共同行使行政职权的行政机关为共同赔偿义务机关。
法律、法规授权的组织在行使授予的行政权力时侵犯公民、法人和其他组织的合法权益造成损害的，被授权的组织为赔偿义务机关。
受行政机关委托的组织或者个人在行使受委托的行政权力时侵犯公民、法人和其他组织的合法权益造成损害的，委托的行政机关为赔偿义务机关。
赔偿义务机关被撤销的，继续行使其职权的行政机关为赔偿义务机关;没有继续行使其职权的行政机关的，撤销该赔偿义务机关的行政机关为赔偿义务机关。
第八条 经复议机关复议的，最初造成侵权行为的行政机关为赔偿义务机关，但复议机关的复议决定加重损害的，复议机关对加重的部分履行赔偿义务。
第三节 赔偿程序
第九条 赔偿义务机关有本法第三条、第四条规定情形之一的，应当给予赔偿。
赔偿请求人要求赔偿，应当先向赔偿义务机关提出，也可以在申请行政复议或者提起行政诉讼时一并提出。
第十条 赔偿请求人可以向共同赔偿义务机关中的任何一个赔偿义务机关要求赔偿，该赔偿义务机关应当先予赔偿。
第十一条 赔偿请求人根据受到的不同损害，可以同时提出数项赔偿要求。
第十二条 要求赔偿应当递交申请书，申请书应当载明下列事项:
(一)受害人的姓名、性别、年龄、工作单位和住所，法人或者其他组织的名称、住所和法定代表人或者主要负责人的姓名、职务;
(二)具体的要求、事实根据和理由;
(三)申请的年、月、日。
赔偿请求人书写申请书确有困难的，可以委托他人代书;也可以口头申请，由赔偿义务机关记入笔录。
赔偿请求人不是受害人本人的，应当说明与受害人的关系，并提供相应证明。
赔偿请求人当面递交申请书的，赔偿义务机关应当当场出具加盖本行政机关专用印章并注明收讫日期的书面凭证。申请材料不齐全的，赔偿义务机关应当当场或者在五日内一次性告知赔偿请求人需要补正的全部内容。
第十三条 赔偿义务机关应当自收到申请之日起两个月内，作出是否赔偿的决定。赔偿义务机关作出赔偿决定，应当充分听取赔偿请求人的意见，并可以与赔偿请求人就赔偿方式、赔偿项目和赔偿数额依照本法第四章的规定进行协商。
赔偿义务机关决定赔偿的，应当制作赔偿决定书，并自作出决定之日起十日内送达赔偿请求人。
赔偿义务机关决定不予赔偿的，应当自作出决定之日起十日内书面通知赔偿请求人，并说明不予赔偿的理由。
第十四条 赔偿义务机关在规定期限内未作出是否赔偿的决定，赔偿请求人可以自期限届满之日起三个月内，向人民法院提起诉讼。
赔偿请求人对赔偿的方式、项目、数额有异议的，或者赔偿义务机关作出不予赔偿决定的，赔偿请求人可以自赔偿义务机关作出赔偿或者不予赔偿决定之日起三个月内，向人民法院提起诉讼。
第十五条 人民法院审理行政赔偿案件，赔偿请求人和赔偿义务机关对自己提出的主张，应当提供证据。
赔偿义务机关采取行政拘留或者限制人身自由的强制措施期间，被限制人身自由的人死亡或者丧失行为能力的，赔偿义务机关的行为与被限制人身自由的人的死亡或者丧失行为能力是否存在因果关系，赔偿义务机关应当提供证据。
第十六条 赔偿义务机关赔偿损失后，应当责令有故意或者重大过失的工作人员或者受委托的组织或者个人承担部分或者全部赔偿费用。
对有故意或者重大过失的责任人员，有关机关应当依法给予处分;构成犯罪的，应当依法追究刑事责任。
第三章 刑事赔偿
第一节 赔偿范围
第十七条 行使侦查、检察、审判职权的机关以及看守所、监狱管理机关及其工作人员在行使职权时有下列侵犯人身权情形之一的，受害人有取得赔偿的权利:
(一)违反刑事诉讼法的规定对公民采取拘留措施的，或者依照刑事诉讼法规定的条件和程序对公民采取拘留措施，但是拘留时间超过刑事诉讼法规定的时限，其后决定撤销案件、不起诉或者判决宣告无罪终止追究刑事责任的;
(二)对公民采取逮捕措施后，决定撤销案件、不起诉或者判决宣告无罪终止追究刑事责任的;
(三)依照审判监督程序再审改判无罪，原判刑罚已经执行的;
(四)刑讯逼供或者以殴打、虐待等行为或者唆使、放纵他人以殴打、虐待等行为造成公民身体伤害或者死亡的;
(五)违法使用武器、警械造成公民身体伤害或者死亡的。
第十八条 行使侦查、检察、审判职权的机关以及看守所、监狱管理机关及其工作人员在行使职权时有下列侵犯财产权情形之一的，受害人有取得赔偿的权利:
(一)违法对财产采取查封、扣押、冻结、追缴等措施的;
(二)依照审判监督程序再审改判无罪，原判罚金、没收财产已经执行的。
第十九条 属于下列情形之一的，国家不承担赔偿责任:
(一)因公民自己故意作虚伪供述，或者伪造其他有罪证据被羁押或者被判处刑罚的;
(二)依照刑法第十七条、第十八条规定不负刑事责任的人被羁押的;
(三)依照刑事诉讼法第十五条、第一百四十二条第二款规定不追究刑事责任的人被羁押的;
(四)行使侦查、检察、审判职权的机关以及看守所、监狱管理机关的工作人员与行使职权无关的个人行为;
(五)因公民自伤、自残等故意行为致使损害发生的;
(六)法律规定的其他情形。
第二节 赔偿请求人和赔偿义务机关
第二十条 赔偿请求人的确定依照本法第六条的规定。
第二十一条 行使侦查、检察、审判职权的机关以及看守所、监狱管理机关及其工作人员在行使职权时侵犯公民、法人和其他组织的合法权益造成损害的，该机关为赔偿义务机关。
对公民采取拘留措施，依照本法的规定应当给予国家赔偿的，作出拘留决定的机关为赔偿义务机关。
对公民采取逮捕措施后决定撤销案件、不起诉或者判决宣告无罪的，作出逮捕决定的机关为赔偿义务机关。
再审改判无罪的，作出原生效判决的人民法院为赔偿义务机关。二审改判无罪，以及二审发回重审后作无罪处理的，作出一审有罪判决的人民法院为赔偿义务机关。
第三节 赔偿程序
第二十二条 赔偿义务机关有本法第十七条、第十八条规定情形之一的，应当给予赔偿。
赔偿请求人要求赔偿，应当先向赔偿义务机关提出。
赔偿请求人提出赔偿请求，适用本法第十一条、第十二条的规定。
第二十三条 赔偿义务机关应当自收到申请之日起两个月内，作出是否赔偿的决定。赔偿义务机关作出赔偿决定，应当充分听取赔偿请求人的意见，并可以与赔偿请求人就赔偿方式、赔偿项目和赔偿数额依照本法第四章的规定进行协商。
赔偿义务机关决定赔偿的，应当制作赔偿决定书，并自作出决定之日起十日内送达赔偿请求人。
赔偿义务机关决定不予赔偿的，应当自作出决定之日起十日内书面通知赔偿请求人，并说明不予赔偿的理由。
第二十四条 赔偿义务机关在规定期限内未作出是否赔偿的决定，赔偿请求人可以自期限届满之日起三十日内向赔偿义务机关的上一级机关申请复议。
赔偿请求人对赔偿的方式、项目、数额有异议的，或者赔偿义务机关作出不予赔偿决定的，赔偿请求人可以自赔偿义务机关作出赔偿或者不予赔偿决定之日起三十日内，向赔偿义务机关的上一级机关申请复议。
赔偿义务机关是人民法院的，赔偿请求人可以依照本条规定向其上一级人民法院赔偿委员会申请作出赔偿决定。
第二十五条 复议机关应当自收到申请之日起两个月内作出决定。
赔偿请求人不服复议决定的，可以在收到复议决定之日起三十日内向复议机关所在地的同级人民法院赔偿委员会申请作出赔偿决定;复议机关逾期不作决定的，赔偿请求人可以自期限届满之日起三十日内向复议机关所在地的同级人民法院赔偿委员会申请作出赔偿决定。
第二十六条 人民法院赔偿委员会处理赔偿请求，赔偿请求人和赔偿义务机关对自己提出的主张，应当提供证据。
被羁押人在羁押期间死亡或者丧失行为能力的，赔偿义务机关的行为与被羁押人的死亡或者丧失行为能力是否存在因果关系，赔偿义务机关应当提供证据。
第二十七条 人民法院赔偿委员会处理赔偿请求，采取书面审查的办法。必要时，可以向有关单位和人员调查情况、收集证据。赔偿请求人与赔偿义务机关对损害事实及因果关系有争议的，赔偿委员会可以听取赔偿请求人和赔偿义务机关的陈述和申辩，并可以进行质证。
第二十八条 人民法院赔偿委员会应当自收到赔偿申请之日起三个月内作出决定;属于疑难、复杂、重大案件的，经本院院长批准，可以延长三个月。
第二十九条 中级以上的人民法院设立赔偿委员会，由人民法院三名以上审判员组成，组成人员的人数应当为单数。
赔偿委员会作赔偿决定，实行少数服从多数的原则。
赔偿委员会作出的赔偿决定，是发生法律效力的决定，必须执行。
第三十条 赔偿请求人或者赔偿义务机关对赔偿委员会作出的决定，认为确有错误的，可以向上一级人民法院赔偿委员会提出申诉。
赔偿委员会作出的赔偿决定生效后，如发现赔偿决定违反本法规定的，经本院院长决定或者上级人民法院指令，赔偿委员会应当在两个月内重新审查并依法作出决定，上一级人民法院赔偿委员会也可以直接审查并作出决定。
最高人民检察院对各级人民法院赔偿委员会作出的决定，上级人民检察院对下级人民法院赔偿委员会作出的决定，发现违反本法规定的，应当向同级人民法院赔偿委员会提出意见，同级人民法院赔偿委员会应当在两个月内重新审查并依法作出决定。
第三十一条 赔偿义务机关赔偿后，应当向有下列情形之一的工作人员追偿部分或者全部赔偿费用:
(一)有本法第十七条第四项、第五项规定情形的;
(二)在处理案件中有贪污受贿，徇私舞弊，枉法裁判行为的。
对有前款规定情形的责任人员，有关机关应当依法给予处分;构成犯罪的，应当依法追究刑事责任。
第四章 赔偿方式和计算标准
第三十二条 国家赔偿以支付赔偿金为主要方式。
能够返还财产或者恢复原状的，予以返还财产或者恢复原状。
第三十三条 侵犯公民人身自由的，每日赔偿金按照国家上年度职工日平均工资计算。
第三十四条 侵犯公民生命健康权的，赔偿金按照下列规定计算:
(一)造成身体伤害的，应当支付医疗费、护理费，以及赔偿因误工减少的收入。减少的收入每日的赔偿金按照国家上年度职工日平均工资计算，最高额为国家上年度职工年平均工资的五倍;
(二)造成部分或者全部丧失劳动能力的，应当支付医疗费、护理费、残疾生活辅助具费、康复费等因残疾而增加的必要支出和继续治疗所必需的费用，以及残疾赔偿金。残疾赔偿金根据丧失劳动能力的程度，按照国家规定的伤残等级确定，最高不超过国家上年度职工年平均工资的二十倍。造成全部丧失劳动能力的，对其扶养的无劳动能力的人，还应当支付生活费;
(三)造成死亡的，应当支付死亡赔偿金、丧葬费，总额为国家上年度职工年平均工资的二十倍。对死者生前扶养的无劳动能力的人，还应当支付生活费。
前款第二项、第三项规定的生活费的发放标准，参照当地最低生活保障标准执行。被扶养的人是未成年人的，生活费给付至十八周岁止;其他无劳动能力的人，生活费给付至死亡时止。
第三十五条 有本法第三条或者第十七条规定情形之一，致人精神损害的，应当在侵权行为影响的范围内，为受害人消除影响，恢复名誉，赔礼道歉;造成严重后果的，应当支付相应的精神损害抚慰金。
第三十六条 侵犯公民、法人和其他组织的财产权造成损害的，按照下列规定处理:
(一)处罚款、罚金、追缴、没收财产或者违法征收、征用财产的，返还财产;
(二)查封、扣押、冻结财产的，解除对财产的查封、扣押、冻结，造成财产损坏或者灭失的，依照本条第三项、第四项的规定赔偿;
(三)应当返还的财产损坏的，能够恢复原状的恢复原状，不能恢复原状的，按照损害程度给付相应的赔偿金;
(四)应当返还的财产灭失的，给付相应的赔偿金;
(五)财产已经拍卖或者变卖的，给付拍卖或者变卖所得的价款;变卖的价款明显低于财产价值的，应当支付相应的赔偿金;
(六)吊销许可证和执照、责令停产停业的，赔偿停产停业期间必要的经常性费用开支;
(七)返还执行的罚款或者罚金、追缴或者没收的金钱，解除冻结的存款或者汇款的，应当支付银行同期存款利息;
(八)对财产权造成其他损害的，按照直接损失给予赔偿。
第三十七条 赔偿费用列入各级财政预算。
赔偿请求人凭生效的判决书、复议决定书、赔偿决定书或者调解书，向赔偿义务机关申请支付赔偿金。
赔偿义务机关应当自收到支付赔偿金申请之日起七日内，依照预算管理权限向有关的财政部门提出支付申请。财政部门应当自收到支付申请之日起十五日内支付赔偿金。
赔偿费用预算与支付管理的具体办法由国务院规定。
第五章 其他规定
第三十八条 人民法院在民事诉讼、行政诉讼过程中，违法采取对妨害诉讼的强制措施、保全措施或者对判决、裁定及其他生效法律文书执行错误，造成损害的，赔偿请求人要求赔偿的程序，适用本法刑事赔偿程序的规定。
第三十九条 赔偿请求人请求国家赔偿的时效为两年，自其知道或者应当知道国家机关及其工作人员行使职权时的行为侵犯其人身权、财产权之日起计算，但被羁押等限制人身自由期间不计算在内。在申请行政复议或者提起行政诉讼时一并提出赔偿请求的，适用行政复议法、行政诉讼法有关时效的规定。
赔偿请求人在赔偿请求时效的最后六个月内，因不可抗力或者其他障碍不能行使请求权的，时效中止。从中止时效的原因消除之日起，赔偿请求时效期间继续计算。
第四十条 外国人、外国企业和组织在中华人民共和国领域内要求中华人民共和国国家赔偿的，适用本法。
外国人、外国企业和组织的所属国对中华人民共和国公民、法人和其他组织要求该国国家赔偿的权利不予保护或者限制的，中华人民共和国与该外国人、外国企业和组织的所属国实行对等原则。
第六章 附 则
第四十一条 赔偿请求人要求国家赔偿的，赔偿义务机关、复议机关和人民法院不得向赔偿请求人收取任何费用。
对赔偿请求人取得的赔偿金不予征税。
第四十二条 本法自1995年1月1日起施行。
State Compensation Law of the People's Republic of China
(Adopted at the 7th Meeting of the Standing Committee of the Eighth National People's Congress on May 12，1994; revised in accordance with the Decision on Revising the State Compensation Law of the People's Republic of China adopted at the 14th Meeting of the Standing Committee of the EleventhNational People's Congress on April 29，2010)
Contents
Chapter Ⅰ General Provisions
Chapter Ⅱ Administrative Compensation
Section 1 Scope of Compensation
Section 2 Claimants to Compensation and Organs Liable for Compensation
Section 3 Compensation Procedures
Chapter Ⅲ Criminal Compensation
Section 1 Scope of Compensation
Section 2 Claimants to Compensation and Organs Liable for Compensation
Section 3 Compensation Procedures
Chapter Ⅳ Forms and Assessment of Compensation
Chapter Ⅴ Other Provisions
Chapter Ⅵ Supplementary Provisions
Chapter Ⅰ General Provisions
Article 1 This Law is formulated in accordance with the Constitution for the purposes of safeguarding the right of citizens，legal persons and other organizations to State compensation in accordance with the law，and promoting State Organs to exercise their functions and powers in accordance with the law．
Article 2 Where State organs or State functionaries，in exercising their functions and powers，infringe upon the legitimate rights and interests of citizens，legal persons and other organizations，thereby causing damage to them，the victims shall have the right to State compensation in accordance with this Law．
The organs liable for compensation，as stipulated by this Law，shall pay compensation in accordance with this Law in a timely manner．
Chapter Ⅱ Administrative Compensation
Section 1 Scope of Compensation
Article 3 A victim shall have the right to compensation if an administrative organ or its functionaries，in exercising their administrative functions and powers，commit any of the following acts which infringe on personal rights:
(1) Unlawfully detaining a citizen or unlawfully taking compulsory administrative measures to restrain his or her personal freedom;
(2) Unlawfully taking a citizen into custody or depriving him or her of personal freedom by other unlawful means;
(3) Using or instigating or allowing others to use violence or abuse，thereby causing bodily injury or death to a citizen;
(4) Unlawfully using weapons or police restraining equipment，thereby causing bodily injury or death to a citizen; or
(5) Other unlawful acts causing bodily injury or death to a citizen．
Article 4 The victim shall have the right to compensation if an administrative organ or its functionaries，in exercising their functions and powers，commit any of the following acts which infringe on property rights:
(1) Illegally inflicting administrative sanctions such as imposing fines，revoking certificates and licenses，ordering the suspension of production or operations，or confiscating property;
(2) Illegally implementing compulsory administrative measures such as sealing up，seizing or freezing property;
(3) Illegally expropriating or acquisitioning property; or
(4) Other illegal acts causing damage to property．
Article 5 The State shall not be liable for compensation for any of the following:
(1) Individual acts of a functionary of an administrative organ which have nothing to do with the exercise of his or her functions and powers;
(2) Damage which arises from acts of citizens，legal persons or other organizations; or
(3) Other circumstances provided by the law．
Section 2 Claimants to Compensation andOrgans Liable for Compensation
Article 6 Injured citizens，legal persons or other organizations shall have the right to demand compensation．
In the case of death of a citizen，his or her heirs or other dependents shall have the right to demand compensation．
In the case of closure of an injured legal person or other organization，the party that succeeds to the former's rights shall have the right to demand compensation．
Article 7 Where an administrative organ and its functionaries，in exercising their administrative functions and powers，infringe upon the legitimate rights and interests of a citizen，legal person or other organization，thereby causing damage，the administrative organ shall be liable for compensation．
Where two or more administrative organs，in jointly exercising their administrative functions and powers，infringe upon the legitimate rights and interests of a citizen，legal person or other organization，thereby causing damage，the administrative organs jointly exercising their administrative functions and powers shall be jointly liable for compensation．
Where an organization，in exercising the administrative powers conferred on it by law，rules and regulations，infringes upon the legitimate rights and interests of a citizen，legal person or other organization，thereby causing damage，the empowered organization shall be liable for compensation．
Where an organization or individual，in exercising the administrative powers entrusted to them by an administrative organ，infringes upon the legitimate rights and interests of a citizen，legal person or other organization，thereby causing damage，the administrative organ that entrusts such powers shall be liable for compensation．
Where an organ liable for compensation has been abolished，the administrative organ that continues to exercise the former's functions and powers shall be liable for compensation．If no administrative organ continues to exercise the former's functions and powers，the administrative organ that abolished the former organ shall be liable for compensation．
Article 8 If a case is reconsidered，the administrative organ that first caused the infringement shall be liable for compensation; however，if the outcome of the reconsideration aggravates the damage，the organ reconsidering the case shall pay compensation for the increased portion of damage．
Section 3 Compensation Procedures
Article 9 An organ liable for compensation shall provide compensation in the event of any of the circumstances stipulated in Articles 3 and 4 of this Law．
A claimant who demands compensation shall first apply to the organ liable for the compensation，or may make demands for it simultaneously when applying for administrative reconsideration of the case or when bringing an administrative action．
Article 10 A claimant to compensation may demand compensation from any of the organs jointly liable，and the organ approached shall first pay the compensation．
Article 11 A claimant to compensation may，in light of the difference in nature of the damage suffered，make separate claims simultaneously for compensation．
Article 12 For the purpose of claiming damages，an application in writing shall be made specifying the following matters:
(1) Name，gender，age，work unit and address of the victim; if the victim is a legal person or other organization，its name and address，as well as name of its legal representative or name and post of the person chiefly responsible for the entity;
(2) Concrete statement of the claim，factual grounds and reasons; and
(3) Date，month and year of the application．
If the claimant has genuine difficulty writing an application，he may entrust another person to write it，or may make the application orally，which shall be transcribed and put on record by the organ liable for compensation．
If the claimant is not the victim himself，he shall explain his relationship with the victim and provide corresponding evidence．
If a claimant submits an application in person，the organ liable for compensation shall issue a written proof on site affixed with the special seal of the administrative organ and marked with the date of receipt．If the application materials are incomplete，the organ liable for compensation shall，either on site or within five days，inform the claimant in a single notice of all the contents to be supplemented or corrected．
Article 13 The organ liable for compensation shall，within two months from the date of receiving the application，make a decision on whether or not to make compensation．To make such a decision，the organ liable for compensation shall listen to the opinions of the claimant and negotiate with him in accordance with the provisions of Chapter Ⅳ of this Law regarding the form of compensation，items to be compensated，and amount of compensation．
Where an organ liable for compensation decides to make compensation，it shall prepare a written compensation decision and deliver the same to the claimant within ten days from the date the decision is made．
Where the organ liable for compensation decides to reject the compensation claim，it shall notify the claimant in writing and explain the reasons within ten days from the date the decision is made．
Article 14 If the organ liable for compensation fails to make a decision on whether or not to make compensation within the prescribed time limit，the claimant may initiate legal proceedings against the organ in a people's court within three months from the date the prescribed time limit is expired．
If the claimant opposes the form，items or amount of compensation，or the organ liable for compensation makes a decision to reject the compensation claim，the claimant may initiate legal proceedings in a people's court within three months from the date the decision is made．
Article 15 Where a people's court tries an administrative compensation case，the claimant and organ liable for compensation shall provide evidence for their cases．
During the period when the organ liable for compensation adopts administrative detainment or other compulsory measures involving the restriction of freedom of person，and the person subject to restriction of freedom dies or is incapacitated，the organ liable for compensation shall provide evidence proving whether or not a cause and effect relationship exists between the act of the organ and the said person's death or loss of capacity．
Article 16 The organ liable for compensation shall，after making the compensation，charge its functionaries，entrusted organizations or individuals who are responsible due to intention or gross negligence，to bear part or all of the compensation expenses．
Those who are responsible due to intention or gross negligence shall be given sanctions by the relevant organ in accordance with the law; if a crime has been constituted，they shall be investigated for criminal responsibility in accordance with the law．
Chapter Ⅲ Criminal Compensation
Section 1 Scope of Compensation
Article 17 The victim shall have the right to compensation if an organ in charge of investigatory，procuratorial or judicial duties and powers or an organ in charge of detention house or prison administration work，or its functionaries，infringes personal rights in the exercise of functions and powers in any of the following circumstances:
(1) Detaining a citizen in violation of the provisions of the Criminal Procedure Law，or detaining a citizen in accordance with the conditions and procedures stipulated by the Criminal Procedure Law but for a period longer than the time limit prescribed by the Criminal Procedure Law and then deciding to withdraw the case，waive the suit，or declare the citizen innocent and terminating the pursuance of criminal liabilities;
(2) After arresting a citizen，deciding to withdraw the case，waive the suit or declare the citizen innocent and terminating the pursuance of criminal liabilities;
(3 ) Innocence is found in a retrial held in accordance with the procedure of adjudication supervision，but the original sentence has already been executed;
(4) Extortion of a confession by torture，or causing bodily injury or death to a citizen by using or instigating and allowing others to use violence，such as assault or abuse; or
(5) Causing bodily injury or death to a citizen by the unlawful use of a weapon or police restraining equipment．
Article 18 The victim shall have the right to compensation if an organ in charge of investigatory，procuratorial and judicial duties and powers or an organ in charge of detention house or prison administration work，or its functionaries，infringes property rights in any of the following circumstances:
(1) Unlawfully taking measures such as sealing up，seizing，freezing or recovering property; or
(2 ) Innocence is found in a retrial held in accordance with the procedure of adjudication supervision，but the fine or confiscation of property in the original sentence has already been executed．
Article 19 The State shall not be liable for compensation in any of the following circumstances:
(1) The citizen is taken into custody or sentenced due to him or her intentionally making false statements or fabricating evidence of guilt;
(2) The person taken into custody is not liable for criminal responsibility in accordance with Articles 14 and 15 of the Criminal Law;
(3) The person taken into custody cannot be investigated for criminal responsibility in accordance with Article 15 and Paragraph 2 of Article 142 of the Criminal Procedure Law;
(4) Individual acts of functionaries of organs in charge of investigatory，procuratorial and judicial duties and powers or an organ in charge of detention house or prison administration work，which have nothing to do with the exercise of their functions and powers;
(5) Damage being caused by intentional acts of a citizen such as self-wounding and self-mutilation; or
(6) Other circumstances as stipulated by the law．
Section 2 Claimants to Compensation andOrgans Liable for Compensation
Article 20 Claimants to compensation shall be determined in accordance with the provisions of Article 6 of this Law．
Article 21 If an organ in charge of investigatory，procuratorial and judicial duties and powers or an organ in charge of detention house or prison administration work，or its functionaries，infringes upon the rights and interests of a citizen，a legal person or other organization，in the exercise of its functions and powers，thereby causing damage，that organ shall be liable for compensation．
If State compensation is to be made to a person for being detained in accordance with the provisions of this Law，the detaining organ shall be liable for compensation．
If，after a citizen is arrested，a decision is made to withdraw the case，waive the suit，or declare the citizen innocent，the organ that made the arrest decision shall be liable for compensation．
If a person is adjudged not guilty in a retrial，the people's court passing the original legally effective judgment shall be liable for compensation．If a person is adjudged not guilty by a court in the second instance，or adjudged not guilty after the second-instance case is remanded for retrial，the court passing the original first-instance sentence shall be liable for compensation．
Section 3 Compensation Procedure
Article 22 An organ liable for compensation shall pay compensation if it is involved in any of the circumstances stipulated in the provisions of Articles 17 and 18 of this Law．
A claimant to compensation shall first apply to the organ liable for compensation．
The provisions of Articles 11 and 12 of this Law shall be applicable to the compensation claim filed by a claimant．
Article 23 The organ liable for compensation shall，within two months from the date of receiving the application，make a decision on whether or not to make compensation．To make such a decision，the organ liable for compensation shall listen to the opinions of the claimant and negotiate with him in accordance with the provisions of Chapter Ⅳ of this Law regarding the form of compensation，items of compensation and amount of compensation．
Where an organ liable for compensation decides to make compensation，it shall prepare a written compensation decision and deliver the same to the claimant within ten days from the date the decision is made．
Where the organ liable for compensation decides to reject the compensation claim，it shall notify the claimant in writing and explain the reasons within ten days from the date the decision is made．
Article 24 If the organ liable for compensation fails to make a decision on whether or not to make compensation within the prescribed time limit，the claimant may apply for reconsideration to an organ at the next higher level within thirty days from the date the prescribed time limit is expired．
If the claimant opposes the form，items or amount of compensation，or the organ liable for compensation decides to reject the compensation claim，the claimant may apply for reconsideration to an organ at the next higher level within thirty days from the date the decision is made．
If the organ liable for compensation is a people's court，the claimant to compensation may，in accordance with the provisions of this Article，apply to the compensation commission of a people's court at the next higher level for a decision on compensation．
Article 25 An administrative reconsideration organ shall decide the matter within two months from the date of receiving the application．
A claimant to compensation who refuses to accept the outcome of the reconsideration，may，within thirty days from the date of receiving the decision，apply for a decision on compensation to the compensation commission of the people's court at the same level in the locality where the administrative reconsideration organ is situated; if the administrative reconsideration organ fails to make a decision within the prescribed time limit，the claimant to compensation may，within thirty days from the date the prescribed time limit is expired，apply for a decision to the compensation commission of the people's court at the same level in the locality where the administrative reconsideration organ is situated．
Article 26 Where the compensation commission of the people's court handles a compensation claim，the claimant and organ liable for compensation shall provide evidence proving their allegations．
Where the detainee dies or is incapacitated during the period of detainment，the organ liable for compensation shall provide evidence proving whether or not a cause and effect relationship exists between the acts of the organ and the said person's death or loss of capacity．
Article 27 The compensation commission of the people's court shall handle compensation claims by examining the written applications．When necessary，it may conduct investigations with and collect evidence from the relevant entities and persons．If there is any disagreement between the claimant and the organ liable for compensation regarding the facts of damage and the cause and effect relationship，the compensation commission may listen to the statements and arguments made by both the claimant and the organ liable for compensation，and may also conduct cross-examinations．
Article 28 The compensation commission of the people's court shall make a decision within three months of receiving the application for compensation．If the case is of a difficult or complex nature or major significance，an extension of three months shall be granted，subject to the approval of the president of the concerned court．
Article 29 People's courts at or above the intermediate level shall establish a compensation commission which is composed of three or more judges and is in an odd number．
When making decisions on compensation，compensation commissions shall implement the principle of majority rule．
Decisions made by a compensation commission are legally effective，and must be implemented．
Article 30 If the claimant or organ liable for compensation believes that a decision made by the compensation commission is incorrect，the claimant or the organ may file a petition with the compensation commission of the people's court at the next higher level．
After the compensation decision made by the compensation commission becomes effective，if it is discovered that the compensation decision violates the provisions of this Law，the aforesaid commission shall，subject to a decision of the president of the court or the instructions given by the people's court at a higher level，reexamine the case within two months and make a decision in accordance with the law，or the compensation commission of the people's court at the next higher level may directly examine the case and make a decision．
If the Supreme People's Procuratorate discovers that any decision made by the compensation commission of the people's court at any level violates this Law，or the people's procuratorate discovers such a violation in the decision made by the compensation commission of the people's court at a lower level，the procuratorial organ shall advise the compensation commission of the people's court at the same level，which shall reexamine the case within two months and make a decision．
Article 31 An organ liable for compensation shall，after compensating the damage，recover part，or the whole of the compensation expenses from its functionaries who are involved in any of the following circumstances:
(1) Circumstances prescribed in Subparagraphs (4) and (5) of Article 17 of this Law; or
(2) Engaging in embezzlement and bribe-taking，breaking the law for personal gain，or misusing the law in the handling of cases．
Persons responsible for their involvement in the circumstances as prescribed in the preceding paragraph shall be given disciplinary sanctions by the relevant organ in accordance with the law; if a crime is constituted，criminal responsibility shall be investigated in accordance with the law．
Chapter Ⅳ Forms and Assessment of Compensation
Article 32 Payment of damages shall be the main form of State compensation．
If the property is able to be returned or restored to its original condition，the property shall be returned or its original condition restored．
Article 33 If the personal freedom of a citizen is infringed，compensation for each day shall be assessed in accordance with the national average daily pay of staff and workers the previous year．
Article 34 If a citizen's right to life and health is infringed upon，compensation shall be assessed in accordance with the following provisions:
(1) In the case of bodily injury，medical expenses，nursing expenses as well as compensation for loss of income due to missed working time shall be paid．Daily compensation for the loss of income shall be assessed in accordance with the national average daily pay of staff and workers the previous year and the maximum amount shall be five times the national average yearly pay of staff and workers the previous year;
(2) In the case of the loss of part or whole of a person's working capability，medical expenses，nursing expenses，fees for ancillary equipment for the disabled，rehabilitation fees and other necessary expenses caused due to disability，the expenses required for continued treatment，and disability compensation shall be paid．The disability compensation shall be determined in accordance with the degree of working capability lost and the level of injury or disability as stipulated by the State，and the maximum amount shall be no more than twenty times the national average yearly pay of staff and workers the previous year．With regard to persons who suffer from complete loss of working capability，living expenses shall be paid to their dependants who are incapable of work; and
(3) If death results，compensation for death and funeral expenses shall be paid，and the total amount shall be twenty times the national average yearly pay of staff and workers the previous year．Living expenses shall also be paid to the dependants of the deceased who are incapable of work．
The standard for payment of living expenses provided in Subparagraphs (2) and (3) in the preceding paragraph shall be handled by using，for reference，the minimum indemnification standards of the local area．If the dependants are minors，their living expenses shall be paid until they reach the age of 18; other dependants incapable of work shall have their living expenses paid until their death．
Article 35 If mental harm is caused to the victim under any one of the circumstances prescribed in Article 3 or Article 17 of this Law，the organ liable for compensation shall，within the scope of influence caused by the act of tort，eliminate the ill effects for the victim，rehabilitate his or her reputation，and offer an apology．If serious consequences are caused，a corresponding amount of mental injury compensation shall be paid．
Article 36 Infringement of the property rights of a citizen，a legal person or other organization，resulting in damage，shall be dealt with in accordance with the following provisions:
(1) If a fine has been imposed or the recovery or confiscation of property has been ordered，or property has been expropriated or appropriated illegally，such property shall be returned;
(2) If property has been sealed up，seized or frozen，the restraints shall be lifted; for property thus damaged or missing，compensation shall be paid in accordance with the provisions of Subparagraphs 3 and 4 of this Article;
(3) If the property to be returned is damaged，it shall be restored to its original condition if such restoration can be done; if not，corresponding compensation shall be paid according to the extent of the damage;
(4) If the property to be returned is missing，corresponding compensation shall be paid;
(5) If the property has been sold or has been sold by auction，the proceeds of the auction or sale shall be paid; if such proceeds are obviously lower than the value of the property，a corresponding amount of compensation shall be made;
(6) If the certificate and license have been revoked and suspension of production and business has been ordered，compensation shall be paid for necessary overhead expenses for the period of such suspension;
(7) In the case of returning the fines that have been executed or money that has been recovered or confiscated，or in the case of unfreezing deposits or remittance，interest shall be paid according to the corresponding interest rate for bank deposits; and
(8) If other damage is done to property rights，compensation shall be paid for direct losses．
Article 37 The compensation expenses shall be incorporated in the financial budget at various levels．
The claimant shall request the compensation payment from the organ liable for compensation，by presenting a valid written judgment，written reconsideration decision，written compensation decision or mediation statement．
The organ liable for compensation shall，according to its limit of budgetary management authority，file an application for payment with the relevant financial department within seven days of receiving the request for compensation payment．The financial department shall make a compensation payment within 15 days of receiving such an application．
The specific measures for management of compensation budgets and payments shall be provided by the State Council．
Chapter Ⅴ Other Provisions
Article 38 If，in civil or administrative proceedings，a people's court unlawfully adopts compulsory measures or protective measures which impair the proceedings，or incorrectly executes a judgment，ruling or any other effective legal document，thereby resulting in damage being done，the criminal compensation procedures of this Law shall be applicable to the procedure for making claims for compensation by the claimant．
Article 39 The limitation for claiming State compensation is two years，calculated from the day when the claimant is aware or should be aware of the fact that the exercise of the functions and powers by a State organ and its functionaries has violated his or her rights of person or property，however，the period of detention of the victim shall not be counted．If the compensation claim is filed while applying for administrative reconsideration or filing for administrative action，the statutes of limitations provided in the Administrative Reconsideration Law and the Administrative Procedure Law shall apply．
The limitation of action for claims for State compensation shall be suspended if the claimant has been unable to exercise his rights in the last six months due to force majeure or other obstacles．The limitation shall resume from the day the grounds for suspension are eliminated．
Article 40 This Law shall apply if a foreigner，a foreign enterprise，or a foreign organization within the territory of the People's Republic of China demands compensation to be made by the People's Republic of China．
If a State to which a foreigner，a foreign enterprise or a foreign organization belongs gives no protection to or limits the right of a citizen，a legal person or other organization of the People's Republic of China to claim compensation from that State，the People's Republic of China shall implement the principle of reciprocity with the State to which the foreigner，the foreign enterprise or the foreign organization belongs．
Chapter Ⅵ Supplementary Provisions
Article 41 No organs liable for compensation or undertaking the reconsideration of a case，or the people's courts may collect any expenses from a claimant to State compensation．
No tax shall be levied as regards the compensation a claimant has obtained．
Article 42 This Law shall go into effect as of January 1，1995．
中华人民共和国村民委员会组织法
(1998年11月4日第九届全国人民代表大会常务委员会第五次会议通过 2010年10月28日第十一届全国人民代表大会常务委员会第十七次会议修订通过 2010年10月28日中华人民共和国主席令第37号公布 自公布之日起施行)
目 录
第一章 总 则
第二章 村民委员会的组成和职责
第三章 村民委员会的选举
第四章 村民会议和村民代表会议
第五章 民主管理和民主监督
第六章 附 则
第一章 总 则
第一条 为了保障农村村民实行自治，由村民依法办理自己的事情，发展农村基层民主，维护村民的合法权益，促进社会主义新农村建设，根据宪法，制定本法。
第二条 村民委员会是村民自我管理、自我教育、自我服务的基层群众性自治组织，实行民主选举、民主决策、民主管理、民主监督。
村民委员会办理本村的公共事务和公益事业，调解民间纠纷，协助维护社会治安，向人民政府反映村民的意见、要求和提出建议。
村民委员会向村民会议、村民代表会议负责并报告工作。
第三条 村民委员会根据村民居住状况、人口多少，按照便于群众自治，有利于经济发展和社会管理的原则设立。
村民委员会的设立、撤销、范围调整，由乡、民族乡、镇的人民政府提出，经村民会议讨论同意，报县级人民政府批准。
村民委员会可以根据村民居住状况、集体土地所有权关系等分设若干村民小组。
第四条 中国共产党在农村的基层组织，按照中国共产党章程进行工作，发挥领导核心作用，领导和支持村民委员会行使职权;依照宪法和法律，支持和保障村民开展自治活动、直接行使民主权利。
第五条 乡、民族乡、镇的人民政府对村民委员会的工作给予指导、支持和帮助，但是不得干预依法属于村民自治范围内的事项。
村民委员会协助乡、民族乡、镇的人民政府开展工作。
第二章 村民委员会的组成和职责
第六条 村民委员会由主任、副主任和委员共三至七人组成。
村民委员会成员中，应当有妇女成员，多民族村民居住的村应当有人数较少的民族的成员。
对村民委员会成员，根据工作情况，给予适当补贴。
第七条 村民委员会根据需要设人民调解、治安保卫、公共卫生与计划生育等委员会。村民委员会成员可以兼任下属委员会的成员。人口少的村的村民委员会可以不设下属委员会，由村民委员会成员分工负责人民调解、治安保卫、公共卫生与计划生育等工作。
第八条 村民委员会应当支持和组织村民依法发展各种形式的合作经济和其他经济，承担本村生产的服务和协调工作，促进农村生产建设和经济发展。
村民委员会依照法律规定，管理本村属于村农民集体所有的土地和其他财产，引导村民合理利用自然资源，保护和改善生态环境。
村民委员会应当尊重并支持集体经济组织依法独立进行经济活动的自主权，维护以家庭承包经营为基础、统分结合的双层经营体制，保障集体经济组织和村民、承包经营户、联户或者合伙的合法财产权和其他合法权益。
第九条 村民委员会应当宣传宪法、法律、法规和国家的政策，教育和推动村民履行法律规定的义务、爱护公共财产，维护村民的合法权益，发展文化教育，普及科技知识，促进男女平等，做好计划生育工作，促进村与村之间的团结、互助，开展多种形式的社会主义精神文明建设活动。
村民委员会应当支持服务性、公益性、互助性社会组织依法开展活动，推动农村社区建设。
多民族村民居住的村，村民委员会应当教育和引导各民族村民增进团结、互相尊重、互相帮助。
第十条 村民委员会及其成员应当遵守宪法、法律、法规和国家的政策，遵守并组织实施村民自治章程、村规民约，执行村民会议、村民代表会议的决定、决议，办事公道，廉洁奉公，热心为村民服务，接受村民监督。
第三章 村民委员会的选举
第十一条 村民委员会主任、副主任和委员，由村民直接选举产生。任何组织或者个人不得指定、委派或者撤换村民委员会成员。
村民委员会每届任期三年，届满应当及时举行换届选举。村民委员会成员可以连选连任。
第十二条 村民委员会的选举，由村民选举委员会主持。
村民选举委员会由主任和委员组成，由村民会议、村民代表会议或者各村民小组会议推选产生。
村民选举委员会成员被提名为村民委员会成员候选人，应当退出村民选举委员会。
村民选举委员会成员退出村民选举委员会或者因其他原因出缺的，按照原推选结果依次递补，也可以另行推选。
第十三条 年满十八周岁的村民，不分民族、种族、性别、职业、家庭出身、宗教信仰、教育程度、财产状况、居住期限，都有选举权和被选举权;但是，依照法律被剥夺政治权利的人除外。
村民委员会选举前，应当对下列人员进行登记，列入参加选举的村民名单:
(一)户籍在本村并且在本村居住的村民;
(二)户籍在本村，不在本村居住，本人表示参加选举的村民;
(三)户籍不在本村，在本村居住一年以上，本人申请参加选举，并且经村民会议或者村民代表会议同意参加选举的公民。
已在户籍所在村或者居住村登记参加选举的村民，不得再参加其他地方村民委员会的选举。
第十四条 登记参加选举的村民名单应当在选举日的二十日前由村民选举委员会公布。
对登记参加选举的村民名单有异议的，应当自名单公布之日起五日内向村民选举委员会申诉，村民选举委员会应当自收到申诉之日起三日内作出处理决定，并公布处理结果。
第十五条 选举村民委员会，由登记参加选举的村民直接提名候选人。村民提名候选人，应当从全体村民利益出发，推荐奉公守法、品行良好、公道正派、热心公益、具有一定文化水平和工作能力的村民为候选人。候选人的名额应当多于应选名额。村民选举委员会应当组织候选人与村民见面，由候选人介绍履行职责的设想，回答村民提出的问题。
选举村民委员会，有登记参加选举的村民过半数投票，选举有效;候选人获得参加投票的村民过半数的选票，始得当选。当选人数不足应选名额的，不足的名额另行选举。另行选举的，第一次投票未当选的人员得票多的为候选人，候选人以得票多的当选，但是所得票数不得少于已投选票总数的三分之一。
选举实行无记名投票、公开计票的方法，选举结果应当当场公布。选举时，应当设立秘密写票处。
登记参加选举的村民，选举期间外出不能参加投票的，可以书面委托本村有选举权的近亲属代为投票。村民选举委员会应当公布委托人和受委托人的名单。
具体选举办法由省、自治区、直辖市的人民代表大会常务委员会规定。
第十六条 本村五分之一以上有选举权的村民或者三分之一以上的村民代表联名，可以提出罢免村民委员会成员的要求，并说明要求罢免的理由。被提出罢免的村民委员会成员有权提出申辩意见。
罢免村民委员会成员，须有登记参加选举的村民过半数投票，并须经投票的村民过半数通过。
第十七条 以暴力、威胁、欺骗、贿赂、伪造选票、虚报选举票数等不正当手段当选村民委员会成员的，当选无效。
对以暴力、威胁、欺骗、贿赂、伪造选票、虚报选举票数等不正当手段，妨害村民行使选举权、被选举权，破坏村民委员会选举的行为，村民有权向乡、民族乡、镇的人民代表大会和人民政府或者县级人民代表大会常务委员会和人民政府及其有关主管部门举报，由乡级或者县级人民政府负责调查并依法处理。
第十八条 村民委员会成员丧失行为能力或者被判处刑罚的，其职务自行终止。
第十九条 村民委员会成员出缺，可以由村民会议或者村民代表会议进行补选。补选程序参照本法第十五条的规定办理。补选的村民委员会成员的任期到本届村民委员会任期届满时止。
第二十条 村民委员会应当自新一届村民委员会产生之日起十日内完成工作移交。工作移交由村民选举委员会主持，由乡、民族乡、镇的人民政府监督。
第四章 村民会议和村民代表会议
第二十一条 村民会议由本村十八周岁以上的村民组成。
村民会议由村民委员会召集。有十分之一以上的村民或者三分之一以上的村民代表提议，应当召集村民会议。召集村民会议，应当提前十天通知村民。
第二十二条 召开村民会议，应当有本村十八周岁以上村民的过半数，或者本村三分之二以上的户的代表参加，村民会议所作决定应当经到会人员的过半数通过。法律对召开村民会议及作出决定另有规定的，依照其规定。
召开村民会议，根据需要可以邀请驻本村的企业、事业单位和群众组织派代表列席。
第二十三条 村民会议审议村民委员会的年度工作报告，评议村民委员会成员的工作;有权撤销或者变更村民委员会不适当的决定;有权撤销或者变更村民代表会议不适当的决定。
村民会议可以授权村民代表会议审议村民委员会的年度工作报告，评议村民委员会成员的工作，撤销或者变更村民委员会不适当的决定。
第二十四条 涉及村民利益的下列事项，经村民会议讨论决定方可办理:
(一)本村享受误工补贴的人员及补贴标准;
(二)从村集体经济所得收益的使用;
(三)本村公益事业的兴办和筹资筹劳方案及建设承包方案;
(四)土地承包经营方案;
(五)村集体经济项目的立项、承包方案;
(六)宅基地的使用方案;
(七)征地补偿费的使用、分配方案;
(八)以借贷、租赁或者其他方式处分村集体财产;
(九)村民会议认为应当由村民会议讨论决定的涉及村民利益的其他事项。
村民会议可以授权村民代表会议讨论决定前款规定的事项。
法律对讨论决定村集体经济组织财产和成员权益的事项另有规定的，依照其规定。
第二十五条 人数较多或者居住分散的村，可以设立村民代表会议，讨论决定村民会议授权的事项。村民代表会议由村民委员会成员和村民代表组成，村民代表应当占村民代表会议组成人员的五分之四以上，妇女村民代表应当占村民代表会议组成人员的三分之一以上。
村民代表由村民按每五户至十五户推选一人，或者由各村民小组推选若干人。村民代表的任期与村民委员会的任期相同。村民代表可以连选连任。
村民代表应当向其推选户或者村民小组负责，接受村民监督。
第二十六条 村民代表会议由村民委员会召集。村民代表会议每季度召开一次。有五分之一以上的村民代表提议，应当召集村民代表会议。
村民代表会议有三分之二以上的组成人员参加方可召开，所作决定应当经到会人员的过半数同意。
第二十七条 村民会议可以制定和修改村民自治章程、村规民约，并报乡、民族乡、镇的人民政府备案。
村民自治章程、村规民约以及村民会议或者村民代表会议的决定不得与宪法、法律、法规和国家的政策相抵触，不得有侵犯村民的人身权利、民主权利和合法财产权利的内容。
村民自治章程、村规民约以及村民会议或者村民代表会议的决定违反前款规定的，由乡、民族乡、镇的人民政府责令改正。
第二十八条 召开村民小组会议，应当有本村民小组十八周岁以上的村民三分之二以上，或者本村民小组三分之二以上的户的代表参加，所作决定应当经到会人员的过半数同意。
村民小组组长由村民小组会议推选。村民小组组长任期与村民委员会的任期相同，可以连选连任。
属于村民小组的集体所有的土地、企业和其他财产的经营管理以及公益事项的办理，由村民小组会议依照有关法律的规定讨论决定，所作决定及实施情况应当及时向本村民小组的村民公布。
第五章 民主管理和民主监督
第二十九条 村民委员会应当实行少数服从多数的民主决策机制和公开透明的工作原则，建立健全各种工作制度。
第三十条 村民委员会实行村务公开制度。
村民委员会应当及时公布下列事项，接受村民的监督:
(一)本法第二十三条、第二十四条规定的由村民会议、村民代表会议讨论决定的事项及其实施情况;
(二)国家计划生育政策的落实方案;
(三)政府拨付和接受社会捐赠的救灾救助、补贴补助等资金、物资的管理使用情况;
(四)村民委员会协助人民政府开展工作的情况;
(五)涉及本村村民利益，村民普遍关心的其他事项。
前款规定事项中，一般事项至少每季度公布一次;集体财务往来较多的，财务收支情况应当每月公布一次;涉及村民利益的重大事项应当随时公布。
村民委员会应当保证所公布事项的真实性，并接受村民的查询。
第三十一条 村民委员会不及时公布应当公布的事项或者公布的事项不真实的，村民有权向乡、民族乡、镇的人民政府或者县级人民政府及其有关主管部门反映，有关人民政府或者主管部门应当负责调查核实，责令依法公布;经查证确有违法行为的，有关人员应当依法承担责任。
第三十二条 村应当建立村务监督委员会或者其他形式的村务监督机构，负责村民民主理财，监督村务公开等制度的落实，其成员由村民会议或者村民代表会议在村民中推选产生，其中应有具备财会、管理知识的人员。村民委员会成员及其近亲属不得担任村务监督机构成员。村务监督机构成员向村民会议和村民代表会议负责，可以列席村民委员会会议。
第三十三条 村民委员会成员以及由村民或者村集体承担误工补贴的聘用人员，应当接受村民会议或者村民代表会议对其履行职责情况的民主评议。民主评议每年至少进行一次，由村务监督机构主持。
村民委员会成员连续两次被评议不称职的，其职务终止。
第三十四条 村民委员会和村务监督机构应当建立村务档案。村务档案包括:选举文件和选票，会议记录，土地发包方案和承包合同，经济合同，集体财务账目，集体资产登记文件，公益设施基本资料，基本建设资料，宅基地使用方案，征地补偿费使用及分配方案等。村务档案应当真实、准确、完整、规范。
第三十五条 村民委员会成员实行任期和离任经济责任审计，审计包括下列事项:
(一)本村财务收支情况;
(二)本村债权债务情况;
(三)政府拨付和接受社会捐赠的资金、物资管理使用情况;
(四)本村生产经营和建设项目的发包管理以及公益事业建设项目招标投标情况;
(五)本村资金管理使用以及本村集体资产、资源的承包、租赁、担保、出让情况，征地补偿费的使用、分配情况;
(六)本村五分之一以上的村民要求审计的其他事项。
村民委员会成员的任期和离任经济责任审计，由县级人民政府农业部门、财政部门或者乡、民族乡、镇的人民政府负责组织，审计结果应当公布，其中离任经济责任审计结果应当在下一届村民委员会选举之前公布。
第三十六条 村民委员会或者村民委员会成员作出的决定侵害村民合法权益的，受侵害的村民可以申请人民法院予以撤销，责任人依法承担法律责任。
村民委员会不依照法律、法规的规定履行法定义务的，由乡、民族乡、镇的人民政府责令改正。
乡、民族乡、镇的人民政府干预依法属于村民自治范围事项的，由上一级人民政府责令改正。
第六章 附 则
第三十七条 人民政府对村民委员会协助政府开展工作应当提供必要的条件;人民政府有关部门委托村民委员会开展工作需要经费的，由委托部门承担。
村民委员会办理本村公益事业所需的经费，由村民会议通过筹资筹劳解决;经费确有困难的，由地方人民政府给予适当支持。
第三十八条 驻在农村的机关、团体、部队、国有及国有控股企业、事业单位及其人员不参加村民委员会组织，但应当通过多种形式参与农村社区建设，并遵守有关村规民约。
村民委员会、村民会议或者村民代表会议讨论决定与前款规定的单位有关的事项，应当与其协商。
第三十九条 地方各级人民代表大会和县级以上地方各级人民代表大会常务委员会在本行政区域内保证本法的实施，保障村民依法行使自治权利。
第四十条 省、自治区、直辖市的人民代表大会常务委员会根据本法，结合本行政区域的实际情况，制定实施办法。
第四十一条 本法自公布之日起施行。
Organic Law on Villagers' Committees of the People's Republic of China
(Adopted at the 5th Meeting of the Standing Committee of the Ninth National People's Congress on November 4，1998，revised at the 17th Meeting of the Standing Committee of the Eleventh National People's Congress on October 28，2010，promulgated by Order No．37 of the President of the People's Republic of China on October 28，2010，and effective as of the date of promulgation)
Contents
Chapter Ⅰ General Provisions
Chapter Ⅱ Composition and Duties of Villagers' Committees
Chapter Ⅲ Election of Villagers' Committees
Chapter Ⅳ Villagers' Assemblies and Meetings of Villagers' Representatives
Chapter Ⅴ Democratic Management and Supervision
Chapter Ⅵ Supplementary Provisions
Chapter Ⅰ General Provisions
Article 1 This Law is formulated in accordance with the Constitution for the purposes of guaranteeing self-governance by rural villagers，allowing villagers to handle their own matters in accordance with the law，developing democracy at the grassroots level in the countryside，safeguarding villagers' legitimate rights and interests，and promoting the development of a new socialist countryside．
Article 2 Villagers' committees are grassroots，mass organizations of self-governance that are self-managed，self-educated and self-serviced by villagers，and that carry out democratic elections，democratic decision making，democratic management and democratic oversight．
Villagers' committees shall handle the public affairs and public welfare projects of their own villages，mediate disputes between villagers，help maintain order in communities，and convey villagers' opinions and requests and put forward their suggestions to people's governments．
Villagers' committees shall be responsible to villagers' assemblies and meetings of villagers' representatives and report to them．
Article 3 Villagers' committees shall be set up based on the size and distribution of a village's population so as to facilitate self-governance by villagers and promote economic development and community management．
The establishment，abolishment or adjustment of a villagers' committee shall be proposed by a people's government of a township，ethnic township or town and reported to a county level government for approval following discussion and approval at a villagers' assembly．
Villagers' committees may set up several groups of villagers based on the distribution of the villagers and the village's land ownership rights．
Article 4 Rural primary-level organizations of the Chinese Communist Party shall operate in accordance with the Constitution of the Chinese Communist Party，play a leading role in guiding and supporting villagers' committees in fulfilling their duties，and support and ensure villagers to carry out self-governance and to exercise their right to democracy in accordance with the Constitution and laws．
Article 5 People's governments of townships，ethnic townships and towns shall provide guidance，support and assistance to villagers' committees in their work，but shall not interfere with matters within the scope of villagers' self-governance as prescribed by law．
Villagers' committees shall assist people's governments of townships，ethnic townships and towns in their work．
Chapter Ⅱ Composition and Duties of Villagers' Committees
Article 6 Villagers' committees shall comprise three to seven members，including a director，a vice director and other members．
Villagers' committees shall include female members，and the committees of villages composed of inhabitants of different nationalities shall include ethnic minority members．
Appropriate compensation shall be provided to members of villagers' committees for their work．
Article 7 Villagers' committees shall set up subcommittees for people's mediation，public security and defense，health care and birth control in accordance with their actual needs．Members of villagers' committees may also be members of subcommittees．In villages with small populations，villagers' committees need not set up subcommittees，and the work of people's mediation，public security and defense，health care and birth control may be divided among committee members．
Article 8 Villagers' committees shall support and organize the development of various cooperative and other economic undertakings among villagers in accordance with the law，and take responsibility for facilitating and coordinating the village's production in order to promote rural production and economic development．
Villagers' committees shall，in accordance with the provisions of laws，manage the land and other properties collectively owned by the inhabitants of a village，and guide villagers in rationally utilizing natural resources and protecting and improving the ecological environment．
Villagers' committees shall respect and support the rights of collective economic organizations to independently conduct economic activities in accordance with the law; uphold the dual-layer management system that combines unified and separate operations on the basis of the household contract system; and ensure legitimate property rights and other rights and interests of collective economic organizations，villagers，contracted households，cooperative households and partnerships．
Article 9 Villagers' committees shall propagate the Constitution，laws，regulations and government policies; educate villagers about and promote the fulfillment of obligations as stipulated by laws and the protection of public property; safeguard villagers' legitimate rights and interests; develop cultural and educational undertakings; promote scientific and technological knowledge; advocate gender equality; undertake birth control work; foster solidarity and collaboration between villages; and conduct various activities to develop a spirit and culture of socialism．
Villagers' committees shall support cooperative，public service and public welfare organizations in carrying out activities in accordance with the law in order to promote the development of rural communities．
Villagers' committees in villages composed of inhabitants of different nationalities shall educate and guide villagers in how to promote solidarity，mutual respect and collaboration．
Article 10 Villagers' committees and their members shall abide by the Constitution，laws，regulations and government policies; comply with and implement villagers' rules of selfgovernance and village regulations; and execute the decisions and resolutions of villagers' assemblies and meetings of villagers' representatives．Villagers' committees shall also handle the issues within its jurisdiction in a fair and impartial manner，be dedicated to serving the villagers and accept villagers' oversight．
Chapter Ⅲ Election of Villagers' Committees
Article 11 Directors，vice directors and members of villagers' committees shall be elected by villagers，and no organization or individual may appoint，assign or replace any member of a villagers' committee．
The term of villagers' committees is three years，and an election shall promptly be held at the end of each term．A committee member may serve consecutive terms．
Article 12 Elections of villagers' committees shall be presided over by villagers' electoral committees．
A villagers' electoral committee，comprised of a director and members，shall be elected at a villagers' assembly，meeting of villagers' representatives or meetings of groups of villagers．
Where a member of a villagers' electoral committee is nominated as a candidate for a villagers' committee，he/she shall step down from the villagers' electoral committee．
Where a member steps down from villagers' electoral committees or a position falls vacant for other reasons，the vacancy shall be filled based on the results of the original election，or a new election may be held．
Article 13 Any villager aged 18 or above shall have the right to vote and stand for election，regardless of his/her ethnicity，race，gender，profession，family background，religious beliefs，education，assets and years of residence in the village，with the exception of those deprived of political rights in accordance with the law．
Prior to the election of a villagers' committee，the following personnel shall be registered and included in the list of voters:
(1) Villagers who live and have their registered permanent residence in the village;
(2) Villagers whose registered permanent residence is in the village but do not live in the village and have expressed a desire to take part in the election; and
(3) Citizens whose registered permanent residence is not in the village but who have lived in the village for more than one year and whose application to participate in the election has been approved at a villagers' assembly or meeting of villagers' representatives．
Villagers who have registered for an election in the village of their registered permanent residence or where they live shall not participate in the election of villagers' committees in other places．
Article 14 The list of villagers registered to vote shall be announced by a villagers' electoral committee 20 days before the election date．
Objections to registered voters shall be raised with villagers' electoral committees within five days from the date the list of registered voters is announced．Villagers' electoral committees shall make their decisions regarding objections and announce the handling results within three days of receiving an objection．
Article 15 Villagers registered to vote shall directly nominate candidates for villagers' committees．Villagers shall nominate，based on the interests of the village，dedicated，lawabiding，decent and impartial villagers who have a passion for public service and possess a certain standard of literacy and work ability．The number of candidates shall be greater than the number of electable positions．Villagers' electoral committees shall arrange meetings between candidates and villagers where candidates present their plans for fulfilling their prospective duties and answer villagers' questions．
Elections of villagers' committees shall be valid if more than half of registered voters have cast their votes．A candidate shall be elected if he/she receives more than half of the votes．If too few members are elected，another election shall be held for the vacant positions．In such a case，the unelected persons with the most votes in the first election will stand as candidates in the second election，and the candidate who receives the most votes in the second election shall be elected，provided that they receive more than one third of the votes．
Elections of villagers' committees shall be by secret ballot and open count，with election results announced at the election site．During elections，booths shall be provided for voters to write their vote in secrecy．
Where a registered voter cannot vote due to his/her absence from an election，he/she may authorize in writing one of his/her close relatives who has the right to vote and who lives in the village to vote on his/her behalf．The villagers' electoral committee shall announce the names of these villagers and their authorized voters．
Specific measures for electing villagers' committees shall be provided by the standing committees of people's congresses of provinces，autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the central government．
Article 16 A request to remove a member of a villagers' committee from office may be raised collectively by at least one fifth of villagers with voting rights or one third of villagers' representatives，provided that grounds for the removal are given．A villagers' committee member subject to such a request shall have the right to argue his/her case．
Any request to remove a member of a villagers' committee must be voted on by more than half of registered voters，and shall be approved only if the motion receives more than half of the votes．
Article 17 The use of improper means，including violence，threats，fraud，bribes，vote fixing or tally manipulation，to gain election to a villagers' committee shall render the nomination invalid．
Where the use of improper means，including violence，threats，fraud，bribes，vote fixing and tally manipulation，undermines villagers' rights to vote and to be elected and disrupts the election of a villagers' committee，the villagers may report the matter to the people's congress and people's government of a township，ethnic township or town，or the standing committee of a people's congress and people's government and its competent authorities at the county level，and such acts shall be investigated and handled by the people's government at the township or county level in accordance with the law．
Article 18 The position of a villagers' committee member shall automatically be terminated should he/she lose the ability to perform his/her duties or be subject to criminal punishment．
Article 19 Vacancies in villagers' committees may be filled through special elections at villagers' assemblies or meetings of villagers' representatives．Procedures for special elections shall be handled mutatis mutandis in accordance with the provisions of Article 15 of this Law．The term of a committee member elected for filling vacancies shall expire at the end of the term of the serving villagers' committee．
Article 20 A villagers' committee shall handover its duties within 10 days from the date a new villagers' committee is elected．The handover of duties shall be organized by the villagers' electoral committee and supervised by the people's government of a township，ethnic township or town．
Chapter Ⅳ Villagers' Assemblies and Meetings of Villagers' Representatives
Article 21 Villagers' assemblies shall be composed of all villagers aged 18 and over．
Villagers' assemblies shall be convened by villagers' committees．A villagers' assembly shall be convened upon the request of more than one tenth of villagers or one third of villagers' representatives．The villagers shall be informed of a villagers' assembly no less than 10 days before it is convened．
Article 22 Villagers' assemblies must be attended by more than half of the villagers aged 18 and over or representatives from over two thirds of the households．Any decision at such a meeting shall be subject to a simple majority vote．Notwithstanding the foregoing，the law shall prevail if it otherwise provides．
Enterprises，institutions and nongovernmental organizations located in villages may be invited to sit in on villagers' assemblies．
Article 23 Villagers' assemblies shall review the annual work reports of villagers' committees and appraise the work of members of villagers' committees，and shall have the power to withdraw or change decisions of villagers' committees or meetings of villagers' representatives that they deem inappropriate．
Villagers' assemblies may authorize meetings of villagers' representatives to review the annual work reports of villagers' committees，appraise the work of members of villagers' committees，or to withdraw or change the decisions of villagers' committees that they deem inappropriate．
Article 24 The following matters involving villagers' interests shall be subject to the approval of villagers' assemblies:
(1) Villagers entitled to compensation for lost working hours and the rates for such compensation;
(2) Use of profits from village collective economic organizations;
(3) Labor recruitment and raising funds plans and construction contracting plans for developing village public welfare projects;
(4) Plans for contracting and managing village land;
(5 ) Plans for initiating and contracting projects of village collective economic organizations;
(6) Plans for the use of residential land;
(7) Plans for using and allocating compensation for expropriated land;
(8) Disposal of collective assets of a village，such as lending or renting; and
(9) Other matters that involve the interests of villagers and on which a villagers' assembly deems it necessary to make decisions through discussion at villagers' assemblies．
Villagers' assemblies may authorize meetings of villagers' representatives to discuss and make decisions on matters set forth in the preceding paragraph．
Notwithstanding the foregoing matters involving the property of collective economic organizations or the interests of members，the law shall prevail if it otherwise provides．
Article 25 Villages with large or widely dispersed populations may set up meetings of villagers' representatives to discuss and decide on matters authorized by villagers' assemblies．Meeting of villagers' representatives shall be comprised of members of villagers' committee and villagers' representatives，with the latter accounting for more than four fifths of the total component members of the meeting of villagers' representatives．Female villagers' representatives shall constitute more than one third of the total component members．
One villagers' representative shall be elected for every five to fifteen households，or each group of villagers shall elect a certain number of villagers' representatives．The term of a villagers' representative is the same as a villagers' committee．A villagers' representative is allowed to serve consecutive terms．
A villagers' representative shall be responsible for the households or group of villagers he/she represents，and he/she shall accept villagers' oversight．
Article 26 Meetings of villagers' representatives shall be convened by villagers' committees．Meetings of villagers' representatives shall be held quarterly．Meetings of villagers' representatives shall be convened upon the request of more than one fifth of villagers' representatives．
Meeting of villagers' representatives are valid only when more than two thirds of component members are present．Decisions at such meetings shall be adopted by a simple majority vote of those present．
Article 27 Villagers' assemblies may formulate and amend villagers' rules of selfgovernance or village regulations，and submit the same to the people's government of a township，ethnic township or town for the record．
Rules of self-governance，village regulations or any decisions of a villagers' assembly or meeting of villagers' representatives shall not conflict with the Constitution or any law，regulation or government policy，and shall not contain anything which infringes villagers' personal rights，right to democracy or property rights．
Where rules of self-governance，village regulations or any decisions of a villagers' assembly or meeting of villagers' representatives violate the provisions of the preceding paragraph，the people's government of a township，ethnic township or town shall order rectification．
Article 28 Meetings of groups of villagers shall be attended by more than two thirds of group members aged 18 and above or representatives from more than two thirds of the households of the group．Decisions at such meetings shall be adopted by a simple majority vote of those present．
The leader of a group of villagers shall be nominated by a meeting of the group of villagers．The term of the leader of a group of villagers shall be the same as that of a villagers' committee．The leader of a group of villagers may serve consecutive terms．
The operation and management of the land，enterprises or other property collectively owned by a group of villagers，and the handling of matters concerning public welfare projects shall be discussed and decided upon at meetings of the group of villagers in accordance with relevant provisions of the law，and the decisions made at such meetings and their execution shall be announced to group members in a timely manner．
Chapter Ⅴ Democratic Management and Supervision
Article 29 Villagers' committees shall implement the democratic decision-making mechanism that the majority rules，adopt the working principle of openness and transparency，and establish and improve various work systems．
Article 30 Villagers' committees shall implement an open system for village affairs．
Villagers' committees shall accept villagers' oversight and publicize the following matters in a timely manner:
(1) Matters that should be discussed and decided upon at villagers' assemblies or meetings of villagers' representatives in accordance with Article 23 and Article 24 of this Law and their implementation;
(2) Plans for implementing the government's birth control policy;
(3) Management and use of government allocations，and funds and materials received through public donations for disaster relief as well as allowances and subsidies;
(4 ) Situation concerning villagers' committees assisting the work of people's governments; and
(5) Other matters of common concern that involve the interests of villagers．
The matters set forth in the preceding paragraph shall usually be announced quarterly．Where a village conducts frequent financial transactions，revenues and expenditures shall be announced monthly．Important matters involving the interests of villagers shall be announced as they arise．
Villagers' committees shall ensure the truthfulness of matters announced and respond to inquiries of villagers．
Article 31 Where a villagers' committee fails to announce the matters so required in a timely manner or provides false information about such matters，villagers may report the violation to the people's government of a township，ethnic township or town，or the people's government at the county level and its competent authorities．The people's government or its competent authorities shall，upon receiving such a report，conduct an investigation to verify the reported violation and order the announcement in accordance with the law．Where offenses are confirmed through investigation，related personnel shall be held responsible in accordance with the law．
Article 32 A village shall establish a village affairs supervision committee or other village affairs supervision organization responsible for democratically managing villagers' financial affairs and supervising the implementation of the openness of village affairs as well as other systems．Members of supervision organizations shall be elected from among villagers by villagers' assemblies or meetings of villagers' representatives，and shall include personnel with expertise in finance and management．Members of villagers' committees or their close relatives shall not serve as members of village affairs supervision organizations．Members of village affairs supervision organizations shall be responsible for villagers' assemblies and meetings of villagers' representatives，and may sit in on meetings of villagers' committees．
Article 33 Members of villagers' committees and employees who are compensated for lost working time by villagers or the village shall accept a public review by a villagers' assembly or meeting of villagers' representatives on the fulfillment of their duties．Public reviews，conducted at least once each year，shall be organized by the village affairs supervision organization．
Where a member of a villagers' committee receives an“incompetent”rating in two consecutive public reviews，his/her position shall be terminated．
Article 34 Villagers' committees and village affairs supervision organizations shall establish village archives，which shall include election documents and votes，meeting memos，land contracting plans and land contracts，economic contracts，collective financial accounts，collective asset registration documents，basic information about public welfare facilities，basic construction information，plans for the use of residential land，and plans for the use and allocation of compensation for expropriated land．Village archives shall be faithful，accurate，complete and standardized．
Article 35 Economic accountability audits containing the following shall be conducted on members of villagers' committees during and after their term of office:
(1) Revenues and expenditures of the village;
(2) Credits and debts of the village;
(3) The management and use of government allocations，and funds and materials received as public donations;
(4) Contract management for the production，operation and construction projects of the village，and tenders and bids for the construction of public welfare projects;
(5) The use and management of village funds and the contracting，lease，guarantee and transfer of a village's collective assets and resources，as well as the use and allocation of compensation for expropriated land; and
(6) Other matters that more than one fifth of villagers have requested to be audited．
Economic accountability audits of villagers' committee members during and after their term of office shall be organized by the agricultural or finance department of a county level people's government or by the people's government of a township，ethnic township or town．Audit results shall be made public，and the audit results for departing members shall be made public before the election of succeeding villagers' committee．
Article 36 Where a decision made by a villagers' committee or its members undermine the rights or interests of villagers，the victim may file with a people's court an application for dismissing such a decision，the committee and the persons responsible shall bear legal liability in accordance with the law．
Where a villagers' committee fails to fulfill its specified obligations in accordance with relevant laws or regulations，the people's government of a township，ethnic township or town shall order it to make rectifications．
Where the people's government of a township，ethnic township or town interferes with matters within the scope of self-governance of villagers according to the law，the people's government at a higher level shall order the former to make rectifications．
Chapter Ⅵ Supplementary Provisions
Article 37 People's governments shall provide necessary support to villagers' committees in assisting government work．The funds required to complete work entrusted to a villagers' committee by a department of the people's government shall be borne by the authorizing department．
The funds required for villagers' committees to handle village public welfare projects shall be provided by villagers' assemblies through fundraising or labor recruitment．Where there are difficulties with funds，local people's governments shall provide necessary support．
Article 38 Government organs，organizations，army units，state-owned and statecontrolled enterprises，and public institutions and their employees shall not attend villagers' committees，but shall participate in the building of the rural community through various means and abide by village regulations．
Where a villagers' committee，villagers' assembly or meeting of villagers' representatives discusses and makes decisions on matters relating to any entity set forth in the preceding paragraph，it shall consult the entity concerned．
Article 39 Local people's congresses at all levels and the standing committees of people's congresses at or above the county level shall guarantee the implementation of this Law within their respective administrative areas and ensure that villagers exercise the right to self-governance in accordance with the law．
Article 40 Standing committees of people's congresses of provinces，autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the central government shall formulate measures for the implementation of this Law based on the particular conditions in their respective administrative areas．
Article 41 This Law shall come into effect as of the date of promulgation．