Data link and physical protocols

Radio Frequency (RF) protocols such as Bluetooth Low Energy (BLE), ZWave, and ZigBee support communication between IoT devices or with gateways that then use protocols such as LTE or Ethernet to communicate with the cloud. Tjensvold, Jan Magne, Comparison of the IEEE 802.11, 802.15.1, 802.15.4, and 802.15.6 wireless standards, September 18, 2007. URL https://janmagnet.files.wordpress.com/2008/07/comparison-ieee-802-standards.pdf.

In the energy industry, WirelessHART and Power Line Communication (PLC) technologies such as Insteon are used for device connectivity. PLCs are routed directly over existing power lines, enabling power-connected devices to be controlled and monitored—refer to http://www.eetimes.com/document.asp?doc_id=1279014. PLC is implemented in support of both home and industrial use cases.