List of Abbreviations

ACI Asia Competitiveness Institute

AHC Advanced Cruise-Assist Highway System

BOD Biochemical Oxygen Demand

CASS Chinese Academy of Social Sciences

CFC Chlorofluorocarbon

COD Chemical Oxygen Demand

CoE Certificate of Entitlement

CPI Consumer Price Index

EIU Economist Intelligence Unit

ERP Electronic Road Pricing

ETC Electronic Toll Collection

EU European Union

FRAND Fair Reasonable and Non-Discriminatory

FY Fiscal Year

GBP Pound sterling

CLCI China Liveable Cities Index

GINI Gini coefficient

GLCI Global Liveable City Index

Gov.UK Government of the United Kingdom

GovHK Government of Hong Kong Special Administrative Region

GPCI Global Power City Index

GPS Global Positioning System

GRDP Gross Regional Domestic Product

ICT Information and Communications Technology

IPCC Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change

ITS Intelligent Transport System

JR Japan Rail

NA Not Applicable

OECD Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development

PBCLCI Perception-Based China Liveable Cities Index

PM Particulate Matters

RMB Renminbi

RSVI “Ranked” Standardised Value of Indicator

SASS Shanghai Academy of Social Sciences

SCATS Sydney Coordinated Adaptive Traffic System

SCOOT Split Cycle Offset Optimisation Technique

SD Standard Deviation

SGD Singapore Dollar

SVI Standardised Value of Indicator

TCE Tons of Standard Coal Equivalent

TOD Transport-Oriented Development

UK United Kingdom

UMTA Urban Mass Transportation Act

UN United Nations

UNESCO United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization

US United States

USD United States Dollar

VICS Vehicle Information and Communication System

WHO World Health Organization