2 Terms
2.0.1 Mining geology
Mining geology is the generic term of work including exploration and research as well as reserves management of the ore deposit in order to ensure the successful proceeding of production，to guarantee reasonable development and utilization of mineral resources and to prolong the mine service years during mine production.
Mining geology is also the general term of work including establishing deposit geologic model and raising requirements on capital construction exploration and productive exploration and meeting the demands of mining design in order to ensure the successful proceeding of production and reasonable development and utilization of mineral resources during mining production.
2.0.2 Cut-off grade
Cut-off grade is the minimum requirement on useful composition contents in mono ore sample or mono engineering ore sample when the orebody is delineated in calculation of resources/reserves，it is the limit for ore and rock，and it is also called margin grade.
2.0.3 Construction exploration
Exploration for capital construction（prospecting of construction）is the exploration prepared for threelevel ore reserves（developed reserves，prepared reserves and blocked-out reserves）or two-level ore reserves（developed reserves and prepared reserves）as required by mine commissioning and it is based on early developed ore block determined by the mine design during capital construction of mine.
2.0.4 Water inrush
Water inrush means the phenomenon of a large amount of underground water suddenly flooding into the mine shaft and drift when the roadway exposes the aquifer，water-diversion breakage，cave and seeper aged area during tunneling or mining.
2.0.5 Mineral deposit dewatering
Water draining of mineral deposit is the process of reducing the water level or pressure of aquifer by artificial drainage method in order to drain part of or all the underground water in a certain mining level（stage）and to make the water head of confined aquifer in ore bed floor lower than the safety water head.
2.0.6 Rock mass
Rock mass is the native geological body with structural surface.
2.0.7 Shearing strength The shearing strength is the ultimate shearing stress on the shearing surface when the rock（body）is sheared along the shearing stress direction under the action of normal stress.
2.0.8 Structural plane The structure plane is the facet-discontinuousgeological interface of various sizes and with relative lower mechanical strength in rockbody；it is also called structural surface.
2.0.9 Open-pit limit
The pit limit is the boundary of the mineable space delineated by bottom and side of the open pit.
2.0.10 Mining by stages
Mining by stages means mining the open pit in certain sequences according to the different zones divided by mining depth or scope during mining.
2.0.11 Steep slope mining Steep slope mining is the generic term of stope elements，technical measures and stripping procedures used for steepening the side slope angle（over 18°）of open pit stripping.
2.0.12 Surface development Surface development is the generic term of establishing haulage corridor for ore and rock from earth surface to the excavating working surface.
2.0.13 Safety berm
The safety berm is the berm provided on the side slope to intercept the rolling stones.
2.0.14 Cleaning berm The cleaning berm is the berm provided on the side slope to intercept the rolling stones and meet the requirement of cleaning the rolling stones.
2.0.15 Haulage berm
The haulage berm is the berm provided on the side slop for transportation equipment to pass.
2.0.16 Trench
The cut is the transportation corridor from the earth surface to the excavating surface and working surface.
2.0.17 Minimum working bench width
The minimum working bench width is required by normal production in order to facilitate the drilling，blasting，excavating and transportation equipment to operate.
2.0.18 Chamber blasting
The chamber blasting is the method of concentrated charging in the special roadway or chamber for blasting.
2.0.19 Horizon
Horizons（level）are some ore blocks of the underground mine divided according to the selected ore level height along vertical direction of orebody，and it is also called level.
2.0.20 Block
Block means the ore block of the deposit divided by heading and open yard etc.in order to facilitate stoping.
2.0.21 Mine development
Mine development means tunneling a series of shaft sinking and drifting from earth surface to the ore body，in order to form an integrated system of elevating，transportation，ventilation，drainage，water supply，power supply and compressed air systems etc.
2.0.22 Development
Development means the mining preparation conducted for creating conditions in the ore block for passengers，ventilation，materials-transportation，rock-drilling and ore drawing etc.and obtaining the prepared reserves by tunneling a series of roadway to divide the level into ore blocks based on accomplishment of development engineering.
2.0.23 Cutting
Cutting means mining preparation conducted for creating conditions for ore breaking down and ore removal on the stope face and for obtaining blocked-out ore reserve in the ore block where development has been accomplished.
2.0.24 Under cutting
Under cutting means the bottom space formed by expanding the stope drift wall to the boundary of ore block，it is also called under cutting layer.
2.0.25 Open-stope mining method
Open-stope mining method（open stoping）means a kind of mining method for maintaining stabilization of goaf mainly based on self stability of wall rock or supporting capacity of a few amount of ore pillars during the course of stopping.
2.0.26 Caving mining method
Caving mining method means a kind of mining method of forcefully or naturally caving rock covering the orebody top and the gob area filled by wall rock of top and bottom bed plate along with the proceeding of stopping in order to control the earth pressure of the stope and treat the goaf.
2.0.27 Cut and fill method
Cut and fill method is a kind of mining method using filling materials to fill the goaf in order to control the stope ground pressure along with the working face being advanced to a certain distance.
2.0.28 Length-height ratio
The length-height ratio is the specific value between total length of cut & fill pipeline and the vertical elevation difference from thefilling pipeline feed inlet to the feed slurry outlet，and it is also called transportation ratio.
2.0.29 Grade
The grade refers to the particle size of filling materials.
2.0.30 Underground mine ventilation system
Mine ventilation system is a system composed of ventilation facilities including air shaft，ventilator，ventilation roadway and ventilation pipeline etc.set up for underground mine ventilation.
2.0.31 Central ventilation
The central ventilation system is the ventilation system of air-intake shaft and air-return shaft centralized at the center or one side of mining area.
2.0.32 Regional ventilation system
The regional ventilation system is the ventilation system with independent air-intake shaft or air-return shaft of each operating area in the pit.
2.0.33 Forced ventilation
The forced ventilation is a kind of ventilation method that the ventilator is installed at the air inlet to press the fresh air into the pit and to enable the air to pass the shaft sinking and drifting and each operating area under positive pressure.
2.0.34 Exhaust ventilation
The exhaust ventilation is a kind of ventilation method that the ventilator is installed at the air outlet to enable the air to pass through the shaft sinking and drifting and each operating area under negative pressure to exhaust the foul air.
2.0.35 Forced and exhaust system of ventilation on multistage fan station
The forced and exhaust system of ventilation on multistage fan station is a kind of ventilation system by multistage fan stations relay to press the fresh air on earth surface to the operating place in the pit via the air-intake roadway and to exhaust the foul air via the air-return shaft to the earth surface.
2.0.36 Mine ventilation reversal
The mine ventilation reversal is emergency measures to make the air flow reversely in order to rescue the operating persons in the pit and to prevent disasters from expansion.
2.0.37 Ventilation structures
The ventilation structures are facilities to guide and intercept air flow and control air amount.
2.0.38 Air door
Air door is the door for obstructing the air flow provided at the roadway for personnel and vehicle to pass.
2.0.39 Hoisting distance
The hoisting distance is the traveling distance of the hoisting container between the loading point and unloading point.
2.0.40 Maximum static load of rope
The maximum static load of rope is the sum of maximum hanging weight and the terminal load of the steel rope.
2.0.41 Shaft sinking and drifting
The Shaft sinking and drifting is the generic name of structures including vertical shaft，inclined shaft，roadway and chamber set up for mining.
2.0.42 Ingate
Ingate is the roadway with a certain angle of elevation between vertical shaft and the junction of each level.
2.0.43 Ramp
Ramp is road-type inclined roadway for trackless self-moving equipment or trackless vehicle to pass.
2.0.44 Vertical shaft
Vertical shaft is plumb shaft directly to the earth surface for hoisting or ventilating.
2.0.45 Chamber Chamber is underground structure drilled inside the ore and rock with special purposes for placing equipment or keeping materials etc.
2.0.46 Water sump Water sump is a group of water catching roadways for storing and settling the underground inrush and matching with drainage pump chamber.
2.0.47 Shaft guide
Guide is a guiding device for hoisting container and balance weight in traveling.
2.0.48 Mine safety
Mine safety is the generic name of various kinds of laws，rules and measures established for eliminating the hidden threat of injury，illness，death of people，or loss of property，damage of environment，as well as protecting mine employees'safety and health and promoting the development of mining industry.
2.0.49 Emergency exit
Emergency exit is the exit set up to earth surface for evacuating the operators underground in case disasters happen in the pit.