1.3 Material Purchasing 材料采购
1.3.1 Purchasing Function 采购功能
An important activity of the purchasing department is to monitor the perfor-mance of suppliers and track new orders, also to ensure timely delivery of the proper quantity and quality of goods or services at reasonable prices.15There are many ac-tivities in purchasing.
（1）The evaluation of alternative suppliers, and the use of a small but effective number of these suppliers for the more important goods and materials.16
（2）To provide the chance to buy effective materials with competitive prices.
（3）The rating or assessment of suppliers on delivery, service and quality, as well as price.
（4）The enhancement of the company reputation in the eyes of suppliers and competitors.
（5）Have an ability to select new materials by constant communication with the marketing department.
（6）The maintenance of adequate stock levels throughout the company, in con-junction with other departments.
It will be evident from these activities that the purchasing function could have an effect on the profitability of the company.
1.3.2 Purchase Order&Contract 采购订单与合同
The range of contracting services offered in apparel producing center spans all steps of production and design.17Whether a small or moderate-sized firm will be successful is determined by how much investment capital is available, the talent of the originator, and the age of the business.
The vendor has the authority to ship materials to firms, and the purchasing de-partment makes the purchase order out. The purchase order should contain the fol-lowing information：
（1）Order date.
（2）Order number.
（3）Delivery date.
（4）Firm's name.
（5）Full description on color, style, quantity and specification.
（6）Prices and terms.
（7）Where and how to be shipped along with packing instructions.
5 copies may be used with the following distributions.
（1）Purchasing Dept.：for keeping record and booking.
（2）Vendor Dept.：for the arrangement of the materials as the purchase order's specification.
（3）Finance Dept.：for accountability.
（4）Shipping Dept.：for applying the letter of credit if purchase order is needed.
（5）Sales Dept.：for reference and checking.
Advantages of this form are easy to follow up and complaint or claim according to the purchase orders specification. But if details are not clearly shown on purchase order, company will sometimes get loss（Table 1-1，Table 1-2）.
Table 1-1 Purchase Order
Table 1-2 Purchase Contract
1.3.3 Material Warehousing 原材料存储
Under the purchasing department, there is a stock-keeping section to ensure the operation processes would not run out of any needed items, never have more items in hand than needed, and do not pay excessive money because of small purchases.18In general, the following are those important functions of the stock keeping：
（1）To check all incoming and outgoing materials.
（2）To provide service information for stock management.
（3）To keep stock at an economic level.
（4）To provide enough stock to prevent production from stopping when sup-pliers do not deliver on time.
（5）To allocate storage space for incoming materials, and distribute materials to other departments when needed.
（6）To ensure materials usage with available financing capital.
（7）To plan accurate materials provision.
Regards to the above activities, the responsibility of stock-keeper is to minimize the cost associated with the inventory level.
1.3.4 Application of Control Chart 控制表的应用
Control Chart may include“Material Control Chart”and“Material Purchasing Sheet”etc.（Table 1-3，Table 1-4），and the purchasing department provides these data. It collects all sales orders to determine the total raw materials and accessories needed per style and color.It can enable the purchasing department to order the cor-rect amount of raw materials and accessories needed.A suggested distribution of 4 copies is：
（1）Purchasing Dept.：keeping records and estimation of materials used by col-lating with this chart.
（2）Sales Dept.：for reference on usage, re-checking on the quantity and for calculation of costs.
（3）Accounting Dept.：for reference and checking on bills.
（4）Production Dept.：for reference and checking on consumption. It is good for checking on consumption and calculation of costs.
Table 1-3 Material Control Chart
Table 1-4 Material Purchasing Sheet
Words and Expressions
evaluation[i, vælju'eiʃən]评定，估价
sample swatch['sæmpl swɔtʃ]样板
alternative[ɔ：l'tə：nətiv]选择性的
authorized signature['ɔ：Wəraizd'signitʃə]认可的签名
assessment[ə'sesmənt]估定，评定
reputation[repju（：）'teiʃən]名誉，信誉
enhancement[in'ha：nsmənt]增加，提高
conjunction with[kən'dʒʌŋkʃən wið]联接，结合
performance[pə'fɔ：məns]性能
competitive[kəm'petitiv]有竞争力的
marketing['ma：kitiŋ]市场
communication[kə'mju：nikeiʃən]沟通
yard/yardage[ja：d/'ja：didʒ]码数
supplier[sə'plaiə]供应商
profitability[，prɔfitə'biliti]收益性，利益率
purchase order['pə：tʃəs'ɔ：də]采购订单
purchase contract['pə：tʃəs'kɔntrækt，]采购合同
letter of credit/L/C['letə ɔv，'kredit]信用证
shipping department['ʃipiŋ di'pa：tmənt]船务部门
manufacturing process[，mænju'fæktʃəriŋ'prəuses]制作程序，生产过程
financial control[fai'nænʃəl, kən'trəul]财政控制
specification[，spesifi'keiʃən]规格
facility[fə'siliti]设备，工具
packing instructions['pækiŋ in'strʌkʃənz]包装指示
consolidate[kən'sɔlideit]结合，合并
apparel firm[ə'pærəl fə：m]服装公司
goods/articles[gudz/'a：tiklz]货品
approve[ə'pru：v]核准
commission[kə'miʃən]佣金
style[stail]款式
acceptable[ək'septəbl]可接受的
warehouse['wεəhaus]仓库
vendor['vendɔ：]客商
investment[in'vestmənt]投资
capital['kæpitl]资金
unit price['ju：nIt prais]单价
roll on tube[rəul ɔn'tju：b]卷装
talent['tælənt]人才，才干
instruction[in'strʌkʃən]指令
poly-bag[poli-bæg]包装袋，塑料袋
payment['peimənt]付款方式
salesperson[seilz'pə：sn]销售员
prompt[prɔmpt]迅速的
complaint[kəm'pleint]投诉
advantage[əd'va：ntidʒ]优点
stock-keeping[stɔk-'ki：piŋ]仓库保管，库房管理
fabric swatch['fæbrik swɔtʃ]布样
economic level[i：kə'nɔmik'lev（ə）l]经济水平
delivery/shipment date[di'livəri/'ʃipmənt'deit]交付期，船期
inventory['invəntri]存货
shipping quantity['ʃipiŋ'kwɔntiti]出货数量
control chart[kən'trəul tʃa：t]控制图
consumption[kən'sʌmpʃən]消费，消耗
enterprise['entəpraiz]企业
cotton chambray['kɔtn'ʃæmbrei]条纹棉布，钱布雷棉布
associated with[ə'səuʃieitid wið]联合
collate[kɔ'leit]对照，核对
initial sample[i'niʃəl'sæmpl]初样
sulfur dyed['sʌlfə daid]硫化染色
approval sample[ə'pru：vəl'sæmpl]核准样
bulk-production[bʌlk prə'dʌkʃən]大货生产
construction[kən'strʌkʃən]构造，结构
sizing&starched['saiziŋ&sta：tʃ]上浆加硬的
applicant['æplikənt]申请人
Exercises
1.List content points of purchase order.
Example：Order date.
2.Translate following Terms into Chinese.
（1）yardage
（2）supplier
（3）letter of credit
（4）shipping
（5）financial control
（6）apparel firm
（7）goods
（8）approved
（9）fabric swatch
（10）delivery date
（11）enterprise
（12）sizing&starched
（13）sample swatch
（14）signature
（15）marketing
（16）Purchase Order
（17）specification
（18）style
（19）warehouse
（20）vendor
（21）unit price
（22）poly-bag
（23）payment
（24）inventory
（25）initial sample
（26）approval sample
（27）bulk-production
（28）applicant
（29）manufacturing
（30）material
（31）accessory
（32）shell fabric
（33）chambray