3.Reading
●Clothing（From Wikipedia）
Clothing（also called clothes and attire）is fiber（纱线）and textile（纺织）material worn on the body.The wearing of clothing is mostly restricted to human beings and is a feature of nearly all human societies.The amount and type of clothing worn depends on body type, social, and geographic considerations.Some clothing types can be gender-specific.
The most obvious function of clothing is to improve the comfort of the wearer（穿着者），by protecting the wearer from the elements.In hot climates, clothing pro-vides protection from sunburn or wind damage, while in cold climates its thermal insulation properties are generally more important.Shelter usually reduces the functional need for clothing.For example, coats（大衣），hats（帽子），gloves（手套），and other superficial layers are normally removed when entering a warm home, particularly if one is residing or sleeping there.Similarly, clothing has sea-sonal and regional aspects, so that thinner materials and fewer layers of clothing are generally worn in warmer seasons and regions than in colder ones.
Clothing performs a range of social and cultural functions, such as individual, oc-cupational and sexual differentiation, and social status. In many societies, norms about clothing reflect standards of modesty, religion, gender, and social sta-
tus. Clothing may also function as a form of adornment and an expression of per-sonal taste or style.
Clothing has in history been made from a very wide variety of materials. Materials have ranged from leather（皮革）and furs（毛皮），to woven materials（织物），to elaborate and exotic natural and synthetic fabrics（天然纤维面料与合成纤维面料）.Not all body coverings are regarded as clothing.Articles carried rather than worn（such as purses），worn on a single part of the body and easily removed scarves（围巾），worn purely for adornment jewelry（珠宝首饰），or those that serve a function other than protection eyeglasses（眼镜），are normally considered accessories rather than clothing, as are footwear（鞋靴）and hats.
Clothing protects against many things that might injure the uncovered human body. Clothes protect people from the elements, including rain, snow, wind, and other weather, as well as from the sun.However, clothing that is too sheer, thin, small, tight, etc.，offers less protection.Clothes also reduce risk during activities such as work or sport.Some clothing protects from specific environmental haz-ards, such as insects, noxious chemicals, weather, weapons, and contact with abrasive substances.Conversely, clothing may protect the environment from the clothing wearer, as with doctors wearing medical scrubs（手术服）.
Humans have shown extreme inventiveness in devising clothing solutions to envi-ronmental hazards. Examples include：space suits（太空服），air conditioned clothing（空调衣），armor（盔甲，防护服），diving suits（潜水服），swim-suits（泳衣），bee-keeper gear（养蜂服），motorcycle leathers（摩托车皮衣），high-visibility clothing（高亮度服装），and other pieces of protective clothing.Meanwhile, the distinction between clothing and protective equipment is not always clear-cut, since clothes designed to be fashionable often have protec-tive value and clothes designed for function often consider fashion in their de-sign.Wearing clothes also has social implications.They cover parts of the body that social norms require to be covered, act as a form of adornment, and serve other social purposes.
In most cultures, gender differentiation of clothing is considered appropriate for men and women. The differences are in styles, colors and fabrics.
In Western societies, skirts, dresses and high-heeled shoes（高跟鞋）are usual-ly seen as women's clothing, while neckties（领带）are usually seen as men's clothing.Trousers were once seen as exclusively male clothing, but are nowadays worn by both genders.Male clothes are often more practical（that is, they can function well under a wide variety of situations），but a wider range of clothing styles are available for females.Males are typically allowed to bare their chests in a greater variety of public places.It is generally acceptable for a woman to wear traditionally male clothing, while the converse is unusual.
In some cultures, sumptuary laws regulate what men and women are required to wear. Islam requires women to wear more modest forms of attire, usually hijab（穆斯林妇女戴的面纱或头巾）.What qualifies as“modest”varies in different Muslim societies.However, women are usually required to cover more of theirbodies than men are.Articles of clothing Muslim women wear for modesty range from the headscarf（头巾）to the burqa（布卡，伊斯兰妇女穿着的蒙面长袍）.
Men may sometimes choose to wear men's skirts such as togas（托加，古罗马男子服饰）or kilts（苏格兰褶裥短裙），especially on ceremonial occasions.Such garments were（in previous times）often worn as normal daily clothing by men.
●Description of Clothing
To make your description of clothing and accessories interesting, you need to be able to“paint a picture with words”. A picture can be painted by a string of ad-jectives.The following word order is recommended for arranging adjectives before a noun.Other descriptions may use a different order, but you will always be safe if you follow this pattern.——Put OPINIONS before FACTS.For example：
“Lovely”and“stylish”are OPINION adjectives. FACT adjectives give objec-tive information about size, shape, colour, etc.If more than two or more FACT adjectives are used, the normal word order follows this pattern.Other de-scriptions may use a different order.But you will always be safe if you follow this pattern.
Look at the pictures below and decide which of the categories each adjective be-longs to. Rewrite the description in the correct order.Don't forget the position of opinion adjectives.
Tie
Skirt
Coat
●Clothes Compositions
