第一篇 语法深度训练篇

Unit 1 名词

专题一 名词的分类和名词的数

一、名词的定义

名词是表示人、事物以及抽象概念的名称的词。

二、名词的分类

三、名词的数：可数名词有单数和复数两种形式

1．名词复数的规则变化列表如下。

2．少数名词复数的不规则变化列表如下。

四、两种复数形式意义不同的单词

五、仅以复数形式出现的名词

eg. glasses眼镜，clothes衣服，shorts短裤，pants裤子，trousers裤子，scissors剪刀

jeans牛仔裤，chopsticks筷子

基础训练

一、写出下列名词的复数形式。

1．dictionary→

2．e-mail→

3．flower→

4．room→

5．beach→

6．wish→

7．fish→

8．country→

9．tomato→

10．zero→

11．piano→

12．mouse→

13．means→

14．life→

二、根据汉语完成英语句子。

1．Jim的家人们在吃晚餐。

Jim's__________eating dinner now.

2．有两个小偷正躲在森林里。

There are two__________in the forests.

3．我的爷爷奶奶在农村养了很多鹅。

My grandparents keep__________in the countryside.

4．有两个“t”在单词tomato中。

There are two__________in the word "tomato".

5．在我们镇，有6，000个家庭。

There are 6, 000__________in our town.

6．广场上有许多人。

There are__________on the square.

7．我们有56个民族。

We have 56__________.

8．有10条鱼在篮子里。

There are 10__________in the basket.

专题二 特殊形式的名词、名词前的单位和名词的修饰语

一、不可数名词[U]

1．表示无生命的物质名词：air空气，gas煤气，smoke烟，steam蒸汽，water水，oil油，tea茶，coffee咖啡，salt盐，sugar糖，rice稻米，wheat小麦，sand沙，bread面包，butter奶油，meat肉，steel钢，snow雪，fire火。

2．抽象名词：time时间，hope希望，luck运气，friendship友谊，knowledge知识，information信息，news新闻，childhood童年，comfort安慰，pride骄傲，nature自然。

3．学科和语言：politics政治，maths/mathematics数学，physics物理，athletics体育，Chinese语文，Russian俄语，Japanese日语，French法语，English英语。

二、某些名词的复数形式具有特殊含义

cloth布→clothes衣服 paper纸→papers作业；报纸；论文；试卷

wood木材→woods树林 look脸色→looks容貌 good好处→goods货物

work工作→works工事；工厂；著作 custom风俗→customs关税

arm手臂→arms武器 fire火→fires战火；火灾 snow雪→snows积雪

三、兼可数名词[C]和不可数名词[U]

joy愉快[U]；令人高兴的人或事物[C]room空间[U]；房间[C]

success成功[U]；成功的人或事[C]kindness善意[U]；善意的表现[C]

beauty美[U]；beauty美人或美事[C]character性格[U]；人物，汉字[C]

pity怜悯[U]；遗憾的事[C]wonder惊奇[U]；奇迹，令人惊奇的事[C]

sight视力，视觉[U]；景象[C]

四、名词前的单位

1．常见搭配的单位词（piece）。

在以上搭配中，piece有时可换为bit或article。

eg. a bit of advice一点建议 an article of clothing一件衣服

2．表示容量、重量的单位词。

a bag of flour一袋面粉，a basket of fruit一篮水果，a bowl of rice一碗米饭，a bottle of milk一瓶牛奶，a box of sweets一盒糖，a cup of coffee/tea一杯咖啡/茶，a glass of beer一杯啤酒，a kilo of beef一公斤牛肉，a pack of cigarettes一包香烟，a bucket of water一桶水。

3．表示成双、成组、成群的单位词。

a pair of glasses一副眼镜，a pair of gloves一副手套，a bundle of flowers一束花，a pair of scissors一把剪刀，a couple of players一对选手。

五、名词的修饰语

1．可数名词的修饰语有many，many a/an，a great/good many，a（great/large）number of，scores of，these，each，several，（a）few等。

eg. Scores of people visited that museum yesterday.昨天很多人参观了那个博物馆。

There are a great number of students playing sports on the playground.操场上有很多学生在做运动。

2．不可数名词的常用修饰语有much，a great deal of，a bit of，（a）little等。

eg. She has spent a great deal of money on clothes.她花了很多钱买衣服。

There is little time left.时间所剩无几了。

既可修饰可数名词又可修饰不可数名词的修饰语有a lot of，lots of，plenty of，the rest of，enough，all（of），most（of），none of，some（of），more（of）等。

eg. None of the boys has/have passed the history examination.男孩们都没通过历史考试。

None of that money on the table is mine.桌上的钱都不是我的。

3．名词作定语修饰名词。

eg. a bamboo pole一根竹竿 a stone bridge一座石桥

4．形容词作宾语修饰名词。

eg. a kind woman一个善良的女人 an excellent teacher一名优秀教师

5．副词或介词短语作定语修饰名词时，应置于名词之后。

eg. the people here这儿的人们 the statement above上面的陈述

the girl in red穿红色衣服的女孩 the life in the future未来的生活

基础训练

一、翻译下列短语。

1．一滴油__________

2．一袋盐__________

3．一包衣服__________

4．一块肥皂__________

5．几条忠告__________

6．几条信息__________

7．一瓶墨水__________

8．两杯啤酒__________

9．一点钱__________

10．一条牛仔裤__________

11．两杯茶__________

12．两碗米饭__________

13．一些糖__________

14．足够多的食物__________

15．树下的孩子们__________

16．那边的女孩们__________

二、根据汉语完成英语句子。

1．她早餐吃了三块面包。

She ate__________bread for breakfast.

2．李怡，请帮老师发试卷吧！

Li Yi, please help your teacher hand out the__________!

3．我们班的学生都有可爱的面容。

The students__________all have__________.

4．祝你好运！

__________to you!

5．那个男人已经喝了八瓶啤酒。

The man has drunk__________beer.

三、改错：下列各题均有一处错误，指出并改正。

专题三 名词所有格

一、's所有格

1．'s所有格的构成有以下四种。

（1）多数情况下在单数名词或不以s结尾的复数名词后加's。

eg. children's books today's paper the boy's bag men's room

（2）以s结尾的复数名词只加“'”。

eg. a girls' school the teachers' office grandparents' home

（3）以s结尾的单数名词或以s结尾的人名后可加's或只加“'”。

eg. the boss's/boss' plan the hostess's/hostess' worry

Dickens'/Dickens's novels Mr Jones'/Jones's house

（4）and连接的名词所有格分为两种情况：表示“各自所有”时，要将每个名词都变成所有格形式；表示“共同所有”时，只将最后一个名词变成所有格形式。

eg. Tom's and Jim's rooms汤姆和吉姆（各自）的房间

Tom and Jim's room汤姆和吉姆（共同）的房间

2．'s所有格的用法有以下五种。

（1）'s所有格主要用于人或其他有生命的东西，表示“……的”。

eg. Is this Mr Li's mobile phone？这是李先生的手机吗？

（2）用于时间、距离的名词后。

eg. tomorrow's weather明天的天气 twenty minutes' walk二十分钟的步行

（3）用在表示天体、国家、城市、机构或组织的名词后。

eg. the moon's rays月光 the city's population城市人口

（4）用于表示重量、价值或金额的名词后。

eg. one ton's steel一吨钢材 twenty dollars' value 20美元的价值

（5）一些特定的名词用其所有格形式时，可以省去后面的名词。

eg. at the baker's/butcher's/chemist's（shop）在面包师/屠夫/药剂师的店铺里

I'll go to my aunt's house.我将去我姑姑家。

二、of所有格与双重所有格

1．of所有格的用法有以下三种。

（1）用于无生命的名词。

eg. a map of the world一张世界地图 the windows of the house房屋的窗户

（2）用于名词化的词。

eg. the sticks of the blind盲人的拐杖 the hope of the disabled残障人士的希望

（3）有生命的名词有时也可以用of的所有格，与's所有格可以互换。

eg. the advice of my teachers我的老师的建议 the patience of Jim/Jim's patience吉姆的耐心

2．双重所有格的用法。

（1）双重所有格指将's所有格与of所有格结合在一起使用。其构成形式为：a/an/this/that+名词+of+'s所有格/名词性物主代词。

eg. a friend of my mother's妈妈的一位朋友 a photo of mine我的一张照片

（2）当被修饰的名词前有指示代词、疑问代词、不定代词或数词等限定时，一般要用双重所有格。

eg. Which novel of Dickens' do you like best？你最喜欢狄更斯的哪部小说？

Look at those clothes of Mary's. What a mess！看看玛丽的那些衣服。太乱了！

3．有时双重所有格，也可换成of所有格，但含义不同。

eg. This is a photo of my mother's.这是我母亲收藏的一张照片。（照片是母亲收藏的，但照片上的人不一定是我母亲）

This is a photo of my mother.这是我母亲的一张照片。（照片上的人是我母亲）

基础训练

一、翻译下列短语。

1．学生们的身份证__________

2．教师们的办公室__________

3．男人们的衣服__________

4．儿童节__________

5．教师节__________

6．莉莉和露西的父母__________

7．汤姆和蒂姆的卧室__________

8．树的叶子__________

9．世界的人口__________

10．富人的车__________

11．鲁迅的四本书__________

12．他的一位教师__________

二、根据汉语完成英语句子。

1．这些是儿童的书。

There are__________.

2．她伸出胳膊挽住妈妈的胳膊。

She put her arm through__________.

3．布朗夫人很胖。她现在在诊所咨询医生。

Mrs Brown is very fat. She is now at__________for__________advice.

4．玛丽的一位朋友去了伦敦。

__________has gone to London.

5．我喜欢你的这些书。

I like__________books__________.

6．格林先生和布朗先生是我的邻居。

Mr Green and Mr Brown are__________.

专题四 名词的句法功能

一、名词作主语（S）

eg. Knowledge is power.知识就是力量。

Bill Gates is a great computer scientist.比尔·盖茨是一位伟大的计算机科学家。

二、名词作宾语（O）

名词或名词短语在句中作动词或介词的宾语。

eg. Did you hear from your pen pal？你收到笔友的来信了吗？

Yu Xinya majored in physics at Tsinghua University.余新雅在清华大学主修物理。

三、名词作表语（P）

eg. Smoking is my only weekness.吸烟是我唯一的弱点。

Class Three was the winner in the football game.三班是这场足球赛的获胜者。

四、名词作补足语（C）

eg. They made Daniel captain of the ship.他们让丹尼尔当了船长。

I call my dog Maoly.我把我的狗叫作毛利。

五、名词作同位语（App）

名词或名词短语可以跟在另一个名词或代词后作同位语，对其进行解释或说明。

eg. Here comes Maoly， my pet dog.我的宠物狗毛利来了。

六、名词作状语（Ad）

eg. We will get together again one day.将来总有一天我们会再次相聚的。

Wait a minute，I'll call her right away.稍等，我马上给她打电话。

七、名词作称呼语

eg. May I take your order now， sir？先生，现在可以请您点菜了吗？

Attention，please， ladies and gentlemen.请注意，女士们，先生们。

八、名词作定语（Att）

1．名词作定语用来表明被修饰名词的材料、用途、时间、地点、内容或类别等。

eg. paper money纸币 the railway station火车站 an evening suit晚礼服

London hotels伦敦宾馆 grammar rules语法规则 enemy soldiers敌兵

2．名词作定语时，一般用单数形式。

eg. a baby girl一名女婴 the plane ticket飞机票

3．少数名词只用复数作定语。

eg. goods train货车 clothes shop服装店 sports meeting运动会

4．man和woman作定语时，若被修饰词为复数时，man和woman就用复数形式。

eg. men nurses男护士们 women doctors女医生们

九、“of+抽象名词”作后置定语相当于同根形容词作前置定语

eg. a woman of wealth=a wealthy woman富有的女人 a book of value=a valuable book一本有价值的书

十、to one's+情感类名词作插入成分（Par.）

表示高兴、惊讶、悲伤、遗憾等。常见的此类名词有joy，sorrow，disappointment，regret，surprise等。

eg. to my satisfaction使我满意的是 to her amazement令她惊讶的是

基础训练

一、翻译下列短语。

1．雨滴__________

2．兼职工作__________

3．一枚金戒指__________

4．一家美容院__________

5．主修数学__________

6．选李怡为英语班长__________

7．令我惊讶的是__________

8．一个八天的假期__________

9．科学读物__________

10．地理课__________

二、用所给词的适当形式填空。

1．George received many__________(gift) when graduating from middle school.

2．There are twenty__________(woman) teachers in our school.

3．The twenty__________(girl) students are dancing on the square now.

4．I like the two__________(apple) trees behind our house.

5．My brother likes driving a__________(sport) car.

6．His father is a__________(sale) manager.

7．To my__________(satisfy), my class all have passed the English exam this time.

8．We need eleven__________(play) for our soccer team.

9．We can see many__________(leaf) on the ground in autumn.

10．Who's the__________(own) of the house?

能力训练

一、用所给单词的正确形式填空。

1．Many__________(century) ago, China had four great inventions.

2．Chinese is one of my favorite__________(subject).

3．That daughter of my__________(friend) is very diligent at her study.

4．My school is about twenty__________(minute)walk from here.

5．There're four__________(Japanese) and two__________(German) in the group.

6．An ox has four__________(stomach) in its body.

7．My aunt thought old things could bring back some sweet__________(memorize).

8．After__________(graduate), I will join the army.

二、从方框中选择适当的词填空，完成句子。

1．James enjoys traveling to many different__________.

2．I saw you play basketball almost every day during the summer__________.

3．To keep your safety as well as others, you should follow traffic__________.

4．I want to see all the interesting__________of Beijing.

5．Please keep quiet. If you make a lot of__________，you may disturb（打扰）others.

6．We should brush our__________twice a day.

7．There are some__________in the woods.

8．Yesterday Class One and Class Ten had a__________game. Do you know which class won?

9．Staying up late is bad for your__________.

10．She spends at least half an__________in the gym every day.

三、单项选择

1．Every year many foreign friends come to see the__________of Tianjin, such as Tianjin Eye and Haihe River.

A. concerts

B. plays

C. cartoons

D. sights

2．It's sports time. Most__________students in Class 1are playing football on the playground.

A. boy

B. boys

C. boy's

D. boys'

3．—Linda often answers the teachers'__________in class, doesn't she?

—Yes. She is very active.

A. problems

B. notices

C. questions

D. messages

4．The online shop sells__________shoes at a very low price.

A. child and men's

B. children and men's

C. children's and men

D. children's and men's

5．I went to my__________yesterday and had a very good time there.

A. uncle's

B. uncle'

C. uncles

D. uncle

6．You'd better do morning__________every day. It's good to have lots of__________.

A. exercise; exercise

B. exercises; exercise

C. exercises; exercises

D. exercise; exercises

7．She wants to be a singer. She thinks it's a good__________.

A. work

B. job

C. art

D. working

实战训练

一、根据汉语或首字母提示完成英语句子。

1．The explorer from the UK has just found a lot of__________（财宝）under the sea.

2．Jane said to me，“What a__________（不同）a day makes！”

3．Every year the government of China send more than 100__________（志愿者）to teach in the rural areas.

4．The experienced teacher has much__________（经验）and had a few strange__________（经历）last year.

5．Those__________（印度人）like Chinese food，especially Chinese dumplings.

6．I have two t__________. Will you go to the cinema with me?

7．To my r__________, I missed seeing the wonderful film, Wolf Warrior Ⅱyesterday evening.

8．Your a__________is very helpful to him. I guess he'll take it.

9．There are four people in her family, two parents and two c__________.

10．Wang Xu is a m__________worker in his factory. We all should learn from him.

二、改错：下列各题均有一处错误，指出并改正。

三、单项选择

1．—Are you going out with Jade tonight?

—That's my__________. Mind your own!

A. offer

B. business

C. question

D. chance

2．These__________in beautiful dresses will have a party this evening.

A. man

B. men

C. woman

D. women

3．—How time flies! It is two__________since we met last.

—So it is. I miss you so much.

A. months

B. monthes

C. months'

D. month

4．To the teacher's joy, the students made great__________this term.

A. result

B. preparation

C. suggestion

D. progress

5．Tom regards Nanjing as his second__________because he has been here for over ten years.

A. family

B. room

C. house

D. home