•4．食品饮料•

apple苹果——bad apple坏苹果→不好的因素（成分等）

At the end of each academic term on many US campuses, students complete evaluations of their course instructors. It is a process that has been criticized for years, and yet it shows a very common desire: to find an effective way to weed out the bad apples.

每学期结束时，美国许多学校的学生会对他们的课程导师进行测评。这种做法多年来饱受批评，但体现了一个非常普遍的愿望：找到一种有效的方法来剔除一些不好的老师。

apple pie苹果派——as American as apple pie典型美国式的，美国特色的

America has earned the dubious distinction of being No. 1 in the world for over-criminalizing and over-incarcerating its residents. Sixty-five million US adults have a criminal record, making incarceration and the lifetime punishment that flows from involvement in the system “as American as apple pie”.

过度犯罪和过度监禁居民方面，美国已成为世界第一，声名狼藉。6500万美国成年人有犯罪记录，使得监禁和由于反对体制而遭受的终身监禁如同“苹果派一样具有美国传统特色”。

bacon咸肉，腌肉——bring home the bacon养家糊口

Despite our drooping economy (and some great parenting fathers), I suspect we will not see a plethora of stay-at-home dads. Most men will simply find new ways to bring home the bacon.

尽管我们的经济萎靡不振（还有一些养育子女的好父亲），我想我们不会看到过多的全职奶爸。大多数男人会找到新出路来养家糊口。

beef牛肉——beef up加强；增援；补充（人数、兵力等）

When a breach is discovered, executives must take decisive action,beefing up their systems’defenses and alerting law enforcement when appropriate.

一旦发现漏洞，管理人员必须采取果断行动，加强系统的防御，并在适当的时候提醒执法机关。

beef牛肉——beefed-up加强的

Does that mean it’s time for a beefed-up code of conduct for passengers?

这是否意味着是时候对乘客实施加强版的行为规范了？

biscuit饼干——a fresh plate of biscuits一盘刚出炉的饼干→受欢迎的人或者物

I joined Tinder after hearing a bunch of my guy friends speak about it as if it were a fresh plate of biscuits.

听了一帮朋友的谈论，我也加入了交友网站Tinder，感觉这个网站就好像是一盘刚出炉的饼干，受人喜爱。

bland（食物）淡的→乏味的

First- and second-year students are subjected to bland introductory courses taught primarily by graduate students.

一、二年级的学生不得不上一些主要由研究生讲授的乏味的入门课程。

boil煮沸——boil it down to将其概括为

The sales pitch was all about making college accessible, helping people fit it into their busy schedules. But over the years it’s somehow been boiled down to “Hey, you wanna get a master’s degree without leaving your master bedroom?”.

推销的说辞是：使大家都能上得起大学，帮助大家安排繁忙的日程表。但几年过去了，多少可归结为“嘿，你想不用离开主卧而获得硕士学位吗？”。

bread面包——breadwinner挣面包的人→负担生计的人，养家糊口的人

When men were the primary breadwinners in families and women stayed home, women with a college degree were the least likely group of women to marry.

当男性是家庭的主要经济支柱而女性留在家中时，拥有大学学历的女性就成为最不可能结婚的女性群体。

cake蛋糕——the icing on the cake蛋糕上的糖霜→锦上添花；如虎添翼；更重要的是

The icing on the cake is the total disconnect between student job expectations, college curricula, and the realities of today’s labor market.

更重要的是学生对工作的期望、大学课程和当今劳动力市场现状之间的完全脱节。

carrot胡萝卜→诱饵；动因

The study of coding forces students to learn proper syntax or “spelling” to make their scripts run. Perhaps it could be used as a carrot to drive students to learn the foundations of reading, writing and arithmetic.

对编码的学习迫使学生学习正确的语法或“拼写”来运行他们的脚本。也许可以用它作为一种诱因来激励学生学习阅读、写作和算术基础。

carrot胡萝卜——carrot and stick胡萝卜、大棒并用→软硬兼施

Music industry groups concede that too, but they insist the combination of carrot and stick is the key to changing consumer behavior.

一些音乐产业公司也承认了这点，但他们坚持认为胡萝卜加大棒（即软硬兼施）的政策是改变消费者行为的关键。

cheese奶酪——big cheese大块奶酪→大人物

As the big cheese in the outfit, Mike learns how to motivate the rank and file, which is the leading factor of their success.

作为团体中的重要人物，迈克知道如何调动普通员工的积极性，这才是成功的关键因素。

cocktail鸡尾酒→混合，综合

To support a career in the arts in 2013 requires a cocktail of connections, financial support, talent and tremendous luck—and many of us just starting our professional lives are choosing more stable paths.

要想在2013年的艺术生涯中获得支持，须要有人脉、资金支持、才能和天大的好运等综合因素，而我们中刚刚开始职业生涯的许多人选择了更稳健的道路。

coke可乐→吸食可卡因

A student living on campus will have more of a “dorm” lifestyle, with university or thirdparty employees living in the residence halls conducting room checks and enforcing campus policies—like restrictions on opposite-sex visitors and bans on coking in rooms and burning candles.

住校的学生拥有的不仅仅是一般的“宿舍”生活方式，因为住在宿舍楼的大学管理人员或第三方雇员会一起进行宿舍检查和执行校园政策，例如限制异性进入宿舍、禁止在宿舍里吸食可卡因和点蜡烛。

cookie饼干——cookie-cutter饼干模型切割刀→同样模式的，千篇一律的

If poor parents would rather have child care, parenting classes or access to private preschools, then policy makers should try to meet these demands creatively rather than impose a government-knows-best cookie-cutter solution.

如果贫穷的父母也想要有儿童看护、上育儿课程或送孩子上私立幼儿园，那么，政策制定者应该尝试创造性地满足这些需求，而不是强加一个什么“政府最权威的”、千篇一律的解决方案。

dine-and-dash吃了就跑→吃霸王餐

Language is no less exacting than math. As the book title Eats, Shoots and Leaves demonstrates, a single comma can change a sentence about the diet of a panda to one describing the behavior of a dine-and-dash killer.

语言和数学一样严谨。正如书名《吃了（东西），开了一枪，然后离开》所示，一个逗号可以改变一个句子。本是关于熊猫的饮食，现在倒成了描述吃霸王餐的行为。

eat吃——eat at困扰

Violent crimes eat at the very core of a free society.

暴力犯罪正困扰着自由社会的核心。

egg鸡蛋——egg on鼓动，怂恿

What’s ironic about this glut of business majors is this: The students, often egged on by their parents, are pursuing their vocational degree because they assume that it’s the ticket to a six-figure income.

主修商科的人数过剩，其具有讽刺意味的是：常常受到父母鼓动的学生追求商科文凭，是因为他们认为这是进入收入达六位数行业的一张门票。

egg蛋——nest egg留窝蛋→储备金；私房钱

Second, many young people with decent earning potential would likely be attracted to the idea of saving someone’s life in exchange for a nest egg or help paying off a loan.

第二，许多收入潜力相当好的年轻人很可能会有这样的想法：挽救某人生命的同时可以挣取一些私房钱或有助于还清贷款。

egg鸡蛋——put all the eggs in one basket把所有的鸡蛋都放在一个篮子里→孤注一掷

There is no parenting secret that ensures that your children will grow up and be successful adults. So why would you want to sacrifice your career, your financial security and oftentimes your happiness all in the name of motherhood? To me that is putting all the eggs in one basket, pun intended.

没有养育秘籍可以确保你的孩子长大成人并取得成功。那么，为什么你要以为人母的名义来牺牲掉你的事业、经济保障以及幸福？对我来说，这就是双关语所示的那样：把所有的鸡蛋都放在一个篮子里，太孤注一掷了。

jam果酱→jam session即兴表演

We could perhaps achieve these goals with a variety of post-workday happy hour options where there’s a drink offering—alcohol and alcohol-free—at the end of the activity: a group bike ride or brisk walk for fitness types, a chess gathering for chess lovers, a poetry reading for poetry buffs, a jam session for musicians and music lovers; and yes, beer and wine tastings for those aficionados.

我们也许可以通过下班后“快乐时光”的各种选择来实现这些目标，比如在以下活动结束时提供含酒精和不含酒精的饮料：一群人为了健身而骑自行车或快步走，国际象棋爱好者聚在一起下棋，诗歌爱好者朗读诗歌，音乐家和音乐爱好者即兴表演；还有，嗜酒者可以品尝啤酒和葡萄酒。

lard猪油——be larded with夹杂着；点缀着

The writing is different: Young adult novels tend to emphasize strong voices and clear, clean descriptive prose, whereas a lot of literary fiction is very focused on style: dense, lyrical, descriptive prose,larded with tons of carefully observed detail, which calls attention to its own virtuosity rather than ushering the reader to the next paragraph with a minimum of fuss.

写作有所不同：少年小说倾向于强调强有力的声音和清晰、简洁的描述性散文，而很多文学小说非常注重风格——密集的、抒情的、描述性的散文，夹杂着大量的仔细观察的细节，呼吁重视自己的写作技巧而不是引导读者轻松地阅读下一段。

lighter fare口味淡的食品→轻松的小说

The conversation about summer reading got us thinking: Aren’t most of us reading this lighter fare year-round? Is that what novels are now expected to be: more entertaining, and less serious?

关于暑期阅读的对话引起了我们的思考：我们大多数人不是全年都读这种轻松的小说吗？这就是现在所期望的小说——更有趣，而且不那么严肃吗？

loaf一条面包→游手好闲；混日子

Is it easier to loaf on the couch instead of going for a run?

在沙发上闲坐着比去跑步更容易吗？

pretzel椒盐卷饼→柔软的、有韧性的人或者物

A third of my friends work full-time outside the home. Another third are unemployed. And a final third have created a hybrid model that includes part-time, flex-time or work from home. Our employment models may vary, but we all twist ourselves into human pretzels for the sake of our children.

我朋友中有三分之一在外全职工作。另外三分之一处于失业状态。最后三分之一创造了一种混合模式，包括兼职、弹性工作或在家工作。我们的就业模式可能会有所不同，但为了孩子，我们都把自己扭成人类的椒盐卷饼，个个都很有柔韧性。

recipe食谱；烹饪法→秘诀

These shifts in gender norms come with pain and conflict, of course. But they can also be a win-win recipe for marriage.

当然，性别规范发生了变化，随之而来的是痛苦和冲突。但这些转变也可能是婚姻双赢的秘诀。

relish给……加佐料→享受

I read, meditated and had plenty of friends. Irelished my solitude. At heart I am a profoundly introverted person.

我阅读、冥思、广为交友。我享受孤独。在内心深处，我是一个性格内向的人。

salt盐——worth one’s salt值得尊重的

But, as every parent worth his or her salt has reminded their child at least a hundred times, sometimes, life isn’t fair.

但是，每一个值得尊重的父母都要提醒他们的孩子至少上百次：有时候，生活是不公平的。

sample品尝（食品、饮料等）→体验

But it was also one of the few places in downtown Silver Spring where I spent money, because while hanging out, I’d stumble on my new favorite novel, or sample the CD my friend kept raving about at the listening station.

但它也是银泉市中心少数几个我花钱的地方之一，因为虽然我是去闲逛，我会无意中发现我最喜欢的小说，或者体验我朋友在试听台极力夸赞的激光唱片。

sauce酱油——secret sauce秘制酱料→秘诀

The secret sauce has been early-adopter teachers coming up with ingenious lessons and then sharing their lesson plans and curriculums with other teachers.

秘诀在于早期使用的教师会开发独具匠心的课程，然后将其教学计划和课程与其他老师分享。

savor加调味品于→品尝；欣赏；尽情享受

It makes sense to enjoy the freedom of emerging adulthood while it lasts, and if you’re fortunate enough to go to college,savor that brief opportunity to explore new worlds.

享受少年初长成的自由自在很有意义。另者，如果你够幸运，能去上大学的话，就要尽情享受这个短暂的机会去探索新的世界。

seasoned调过味的→经验丰富的

Although the public regularly calls for its leaders and aspiring leaders to be honest at all times, we are all seasoned communicators with a keen understanding of fractional truth.

虽然公众定期呼吁其领导人和有抱负的领导人要时时刻刻保持诚实，但我们都是经验丰富的沟通者，能够敏锐地理解部分真相。

side order副菜，配菜→辅修课程

Any other classes, like “law and literature” or “human rights”, are only side orders for the curricular entrées like “evidence” or “federal courts”.

任何其他的课程，如“法律和文学”或“人权”，都只是“证据”或“联邦法庭”等主要课程的辅修课程。

simmer炖——simmer down平静下来，冷静下来

It apologizes and rolls back some of the changes, and users simmer down.

向用户道歉并做一些数据回滚，用户就会冷静下来。

spoon汤匙→面对背地侧身贴着睡

And as they grew up, I realized that soon it wouldn’t be appropriate for my boy to wander into my bed in the middle of the night with his drooping stuffed dog to slip under the covers in a father-son spoon.

他们长大了，而我也意识到，很快我的儿子就不好在半夜的时候抱着那耳朵耷拉下来的、毛茸茸的玩具狗，爬上我的床，父子俩面对背地侧身贴着睡。

spoon汤匙——a silver spoon in one’s mouth含着银汤勺长大，出生在富贵人家

Growing up without a silver spoon in my mouth, I really wanted to be in a position to live not from paycheck to paycheck and have some security.

没能含着银汤勺长大，我是真心希望自己不用每天数着工资过日子，希望能够有一定的安全感。

tea茶——cup of tea喜爱的事物；中意的人

The two Kindles that I purchased for my library are popular, but they have not taken the place of books, just as audio books are not everyone’s cup of tea.

我为我的图书馆购买的两个Kindle电子阅读器很受欢迎，但它们并没有取代书籍，正如有声书籍并不都是每个人的最爱一样。

tidbit少而精的食品→珍闻；花边新闻；小花絮

Are the quick digital tidbits worth less, or do they have authentic meaning because they reflect true feelings at that particular moment; sentiments that may not be documented anywhere else?

快速拍摄的花絮价值更少了吗？因为反映了在那个特定时刻的真实感觉（一种其他时刻无法记录的情绪），这些花絮就有真实的意义吗？