第二部分 各类题型应对策略
听力题主要考查学生对口头英语的理解能力以及从录音材料中获取信息、归纳判断和正确作答的能力，需要学生在听录音材料的过程中，抓住关键信息和重点内容，得出题目答案。下面就听力题型、命题原理及答题方法进行详细的分析解读。
一、听句子，选关键词或词语
[命题形式]
此类题目主要考查学生对单词和短语的熟悉程度。学生根据听到的句子，从所给的选项中选出听到的单词或短语。通过听句子，考查学生在听力过程中捕捉关键词以及单词辨音的能力。要求学生能听懂句子的大意，并根据所获取的关键信息来选择单词或短语。
[答题技巧]
在平时的学习中，学生一定要多听多读多记，要牢固掌握所学单词和短语的发音，尤其对一些读音相似的单词和短语要注意区分。
[典型再现]
你将听到五个句子。请在每小题所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出一个你所听到的单词或短语。每个句子读两遍。
1. A. table
B. tape
C. map
2. A. box
B. book
C. bag
3. A. first
B. lost
C. last
4. A. brother
B. sister
C. daughter
5. A. get on
B. take on
C. come on
[听力原文]
1. The English tape is in my schoolbag.
2. I have a very nice box.
3. Jim lost his computer.
4. Ann is Mr Black's daughter.
5. Hi, come on, Jack! Your friend calls you.
[答案解析]
1. B 从该句中听到的是tape这个词，同时根据汉语意思可知，和English搭配的不会是table，答案为B。
2. A 三个单词的读音有些相似，区别在于后半个音节上。平时学习中对于读音相似的单词要多加留意。从该句中听到的是box这个词，故选A。
3. B 句中有his computer这一词组，三个单词中能作谓语的只能是lost，该题既考查了单词辨音，也考查了词义分析。故选B。
4. C 根据所学知识可知，Ann是女子的名字，排除A；sister和daughter的读音区别较大，联系句中所读的单词daughter可知选C。
5. C 先看三个词组可知都有on，在听时只需把重点放在第一个单词上就行了。从文中“Your friend calls you.”得知有人打电话给杰克，所以根据词组意思可知选come on，意思为催促别人快点。故正确答案为C。
二、句子理解题
（一）听句子，选出相应的图片。
[命题形式]
多幅图配一个句子、多幅图配多个句子、一幅图配多个句子。
通过句子或对话，考查学生捕捉细节和转换信息的能力。要求学生在听懂对话的基础上将文字信息转换成图像信息。
[答题技巧]
在听录音前，要仔细观察图片，找出图片与图片之间的区别，预测听力材料的内容。
在听录音时，要准确把握听力材料里的关键信息，纠正对图片的错误理解，选出正确答案。
[典型再现]
你将听到五段对话，每段对话后有一个小题。请在每小题所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出一个最佳选项。每段对话读两遍。
1. What fruit does the boy like?
A.
B.
C.
2. What does Sally like eating for lunch?
A.
B.
C.
3. What does the boy like eating?
A.
B.
C.
4. What does the girl want to buy for her mother?
A.
B.
C.
5. What games does the boy often play in?
A.
B.
C.
[听力原文]
1. M: Do you like salad, Mary?
W: No, I don't. I like ice cream. Well...what fruit do you like?
M: I like oranges.
Q: What fruit does the boy like?
2. M: Sally, do you like to have hamburgers for lunch?
W: Yes, I do. I always have them for lunch and dinner.
M: I think you should eat fewer for meals, because they're not good for your health.
W: I see and I will do that. Thank you.
Q: What does Sally like eating for lunch?
3. W: Do you like apples?
M: Yes, I eat them every day. There is an old saying. An apple a day keeps the doctor away.
Q: What does the boy like eating?
4. M: Your mother's birthday is coming. What do you want to buy your mother on her birthday?
W: I want to buy a pair of rings for her.
M: Oh, that's a good idea.
Q: What does the girl want to buy for her mother?
5. W: Do you like playing basketball?
M: Yes, and I often play in some basketball games.
Q: What games does the boy often play in?
[答案解析]
1. C 浏览图片时，脑中应立即出现对应的三个单词：banana, apple, orange。然后带着这三个单词有意识地去听。前面两句对话和问题无关，可忽略，听到“What fruit do you like？”时注意力要高度集中，答案就在下面的回答“I like oranges”中。故选C。
2. B 听力材料中第一句话便提到了答案hamburgers。该问句是一般疑问句，回答是肯定的，且有进一步的补充“I always have them for lunch and dinner.”。正确答案是B。
3. A 问题是“Do you like apples？”，得到的是肯定回答“Yes，I eat them every day.”，答案已经非常明显，之后又补充一句谚语“An apple a day keeps the doctor away.”，则答案确定。
4. C 首先得出图片中的三个单词或词组：dress、birthday cake和ring。材料中有a pair of这样一个词组，与dress、birthday cake不搭配，而且ring的读音和dress、birthday cake有很大区别，通过读音可知本题正确答案为C。
5. B 材料中第一句话“Do you like playing...？”便知playing后面的可能为正确答案，男士的回答是肯定的，并对此给出进一步说明“I often play in some basketball games.”，basketball在听力材料中连续出现了两次。第一遍若没听清，第二遍听还有机会。本题正确答案为B。
（二）听句子，选择最佳答语。
[命题形式及答题技巧]
根据设置的特定场景，回答提出的问题或给出相应的反应。常见的题型有两种：非提问式句子和提问式句子。
针对非提问式句子，我们通常用习惯答语来回答。如“Thanks for helping me.”的答语是“You are welcome./That's all right./That's OK.”或“With pleasure. /That's my pleasure.”
针对提问式句子，必须遵循“问什么答什么”的原则，在实际的听力测试中，我们要根据具体情况灵活作答，不能出现答非所问的情况。如“Would you like something to drink？”的答语可能是“Yes, some coffee, please.”或“No, thank you. I'm not thirsty.”。
该类题的材料丰富多样且贴近学生实际学习和生活，涉及的话题包括问路、购物、打电话、就餐、问时间和日期、看医生、介绍、问候、告别、谈论天气等。在平时的学习中，对于这些话题要系统地总结和归纳，在考试做题时才能马到成功。
[典型再现]
1. A. Amy Brown.
B. I'm 13.
C. At home.
2. A. I don't know.
B. Very good.
C. That's right.
3. A. Nice to meet you, too.
B. I'm fine.
C. OK.
4. A. Yes, it is.
B. It's a key.
C. It's white.
5. A. It's yellow.
B. Thank you.
C. You're welcome.
[听力原文]
1. What's your name?
2. How is your weekend, Joe?
3. I'm Mike. Nice to meet you!
4. Is this a ruler in English?
5. Your hair is so beautiful.
[答案解析]
1. A 本题是提问式句子，应该“问什么答什么”，材料中出现name一词，和what联系起来用，是问姓名，故选A。
2. B how放句首，仍是提问式句子。how共有两种用法，一种是“问情况”，一种是“问如何做某事”，与材料中的另一词组your weekend结合起来，可知该句是问“你周末过得怎么样”，故选B。
3. A 本题是日常对话在听力考试中的应用。初次见面或朋友长时间没见面用“Nice to meet you.”，回答可以是“Nice to meet you.”或“Nice to meet you, too.”。故选A。
4. A 本题是提问式句子，be动词is在句首构成一般疑问句，其回答有肯定和否定两种，浏览本题三个选项，易选出正确答案A。
5. B 在英美等西方国家的习俗中，对于别人的赞美之词，答语应该是“Thank you.”或“That's kind of you to say so.”等表示感谢的话。故本题正确答案为B。
三、对话理解题
（一）听短对话，选择正确答案。
[命题形式]
短对话往往考查学生捕捉信息的能力，要求学生具备深入理解听力材料和分析判断的能力。命题形式通常是一问一答。一般第一个人会提出一个问题，第二个人对此问题进行回答，所以对话中第二个人说话的内容大都包含答题的关键信息。
[答题技巧]
听录音前要提前浏览题干与选项，预测对话场景和主要内容。
听录音时要抓住对话中出现的时间、地点、人物、事件、数字、号码、职业等关键信息，答案基本来自于这些信息。
[典型再现]
听五段短对话，选择正确答案。
1. Who has a tidy room?
A. Helen.
B. Helen's sister.
C. Helen's brother.
2. What color is Jenny's scarf?
A. Red.
B. Black.
C. White.
3. What's that on the boy's desk?
A. A tape.
B. A radio.
C. A clock.
4. What does the man want?
A. Water.
B. Green tea.
C. Orange juice.
5. What will they buy tomorrow?
A. A skirt.
B. A coat.
C. A sweater.
[听力原文]
1. W: Look! Helen's clothes are everywhere.
M: Yeah. But her brother's room is tidy.
Q: Who has a tidy room?
2. M: Do you have a scarf, Jenny?
W: Yes. It's black.
Q: What color is Jenny's scarf?
3. W: What's that on your desk? Is it a radio?
M: No, it's a tape.
Q: What's that on the boy's desk?
4. M: I want two cups of orange juice. How much are they?
W: 14 dollars.
Q: What does the man want?
5. W: Dad, can you buy a new sweater for me? This one is too small.
M: Sure, dear. Let's go shopping tomorrow.
Q: What will they buy tomorrow?
[答案解析]
1. C 材料第一句话就说“Helen's clothes are everywhere.”可知海伦的衣物很乱，房间不会很整洁。接下来的一句“But her brother's room is tidy.”便是该题答案的来源。该题还用到了排除法，首先A错误，然后是单词辨音，在于brother和sister的读音区别上，听到her brother's room这个词组时要集中注意力。故选C。
2. B 浏览题目可知，本题是对颜色进行提问。这是典型的一问一答形式，第一个人提问，第二个人回答问题，答案就在第二个人的回答中。该题仍然涉及单词的辨音：red、black、white三个单词的读音区别较大，平时学习时多留意它们的读音即可得出该题答案为B。
3. A 材料中第二句话“Is it a radio？”有两种回答：肯定和否定。若是yes，则答案为radio；若为否定，则排除radio，答案在剩余两个选项中选。我们听到的是“No, it's a tape.”，该题答案非常明显，选A。
4. C 材料中第一句话“I want two cups of orange juice.”便给出本题答案，后面问价格及回答价格于本题而言属于干扰内容。选C。
5. C 材料中第一句话已经表明该题答案：能买一件新运动衫吗？父亲答应明天去为她买一件，可见他们明天要买的是一件运动衫。故选C。
（二）听长对话，选择正确答案。
[命题形式]
长对话就是段落型对话，一般每个角色说话次数在三次以上。对话后一般设置两个或两个以上问题。主要通过多个回合的对话，考查学生把握谈话主题以及获取主要信息的能力。
[答题技巧]
听录音前要浏览每道题的题干和选项，预测对话可能涉及的信息。
注意对话中的人物、时间、地点和数字等信息，并做适当的记录。
[典型再现]
1. How old is Mary's sister?
A. 11.
B. 12.
C. 13.
2. Which class is Mary in?
A. Class 1.
B. Class 2.
C. Class 3.
3. What sport does Mary's sister like?
A. Basketball.
B. Tennis.
C. Badminton.
[听力原文]
M: Hi, Mary. What's this?
W: It's a pen.
M: It's so beautiful.
W: Yes, but it's not mine. It's my sister's.
M: Oh. How old is your sister?
W: She is 12.
M: Are you in the same class?
W: No. I'm in Class 3,and she is in Class 1.
M: What sport do you like?
W: I like tennis and my sister likes basketball.
Q1:How old is Mary's sister?
Q2:Which class is Mary in?
Q3:What sport does Mary's sister like?
[答案解析]
1. B 本题问的是年龄，材料中以一问一答的形式对此给出明确回答“She is 12.”，在英语中11、12、13这三个数字的读音有较大区别。故选B。
2. C 材料中涉及班级的地方有两处，一个是“I'm in class 3.”，另一处是“and she is in Class 1”。结合题目可很容易选出答案C。
3. A 材料涉及体育运动的问题是“What sport do you like？”，答语中有两个信息：一个是“I like tennis”，据此可排除B；另一个是“my sister likes basketball”，故选A。而badminton这个单词在听力材料中未出现过，属于干扰项。
四、短文理解题
[命题形式]
该题型是根据听到的短文或独白选择答案回答问题。一般题目设置五个小题，每个小题有三个选项。其中，有的题干是问句的形式，有的题干是填空的形式。以此考查学生在语篇中获取信息、综合分析判断的能力。
[答题技巧]
快速浏览题干与选项，分析需要从短文或独白中获取的信息。
认真听第一遍录音，了解基本内容，把握主旨（往往能从第一句或最后一句中得到），记录你认为和题目有关的、有用的信息。
注意听力材料中经常出现的5个W和1个H，即What、When、Who、Where、Why和How。
按顺序答题，因为题目一般是依照内容先后顺序设置的。
听第二遍录音时，完善所记录的信息。
听完所有录音后，对信息进行归纳总结，选出正确答案。
[典型再现]
（一）听短文，选择正确答案。
1. Alex is__________years old.
A. 12
B. 10
C. 8
2. __________cooks meals in Jane's family.
A. Jane's father.
B. Jane's mother.
C. Jane.
3. Alex doesn't like__________.
A. noodles
B. eggs
C. hamburgers
4. Jane has a(n)__________after lunch.
A. pear
B. banana
C. apple
5. Jane's family have lunch in a restaurant on__________.
A. Friday
B. Saturday
C. Sunday
[听力原文]
My name is Jane. I'm twelve. I have a brother, Alex. He is two years younger than me. My mother cooks meals in my family. I like noodles, but Alex doesn't. I don't like eggs, but Alex does. We always have a hamburger for breakfast. We have an apple after lunch every day. We often have lunch in a restaurant on Saturday.
[答案解析]
1. B 浏览题目时，如果问的是年龄，那么我们在听材料时，对数字要保持高度的敏感。材料中出现“My name is Jane. I'm twelve. I have a brother，Alex. He is two years younger than me.”这个信息，稍加运算，即可得出本题的正确答案为B。
2. B 由材料中“My mother cooks meals in my family.”可选出本题正确答案为B。再有根据生活常识，在正常的家庭里，很少有12岁的孩子为全家人做饭的情况。利用排除法可知C选项不合常理，剩下的便在听材料时，特别注意father和mother的读音区别，便可容易选出答案。
3. A 由材料中“I like noodles, but Alex doesn't.”可知答案为A。题干中的三种食物在材料中都出现过，属于易混题。在听时可记下“我”和亚历克斯喜欢和不喜欢的食物，尤其注意连词but的用法，but之后往往给出了解题的关键信息。
4. C 以材料中“We have an apple after lunch every day.”为判断依据，可以容易选出答案C。同时，材料中涉及水果的单词只有apple，稍加留意，便可选出答案。
5. B 由材料中最后一句话“We often have lunch in a restaurant on Saturday.”可知答案为B。还可根据生活常识来判断：除了假期或特殊日期，全家人一起到饭店吃饭往往在周末，即Saturday和Sunday，据此可排除A，接下来需要留心判断的就是Saturday和Sunday的读音区别了。
（二）听独白，选择正确答案。
1. How old is Gina?
A. 10.
B. 14.
C. 16.
2. How does Lucy go to school?
A. By bus.
B. By bike.
C. On foot.
3. Who does Lucy go to school with?
A. Tom and Gina.
B. Her sister.
C. Her brother.
4. Where does Lucy run every morning?
A. In the park.
B. In the school.
C. In the sports center.
5. Who is in the school basketball team?
A. Lucy.
B. Gina.
C. Tom.
[听力原文]
I'm Lucy. Tom and Gina are my best friends. We are all 14 years old. We are in the same class. We live very close. We go to school by bike together. We often play sports. I run every morning in the park near my home. Gina plays tennis well. She plays tennis in the afternoon. She won the school tennis game last week. Tom likes playing basketball. He is in the school team. He plays basketball every day after school.
[答案解析]
1. B 材料中共涉及三位同学：露西、汤姆、吉娜。第三句话是“We are all 14 years old.”，联系题目，How old是对年龄进行提问，故选B。
2. B 浏览题目时抓住两个关键点：How和go to school，可知是问“以何种方式去上学”，结合材料中“We go to school by bike together.”可知，该题正确答案为B。
3. A 浏览题目时，注意提问词Who，题目中的三个选项需要我们在听时特别留意“Tom and Gina”“Her sister”“Her brother”。材料中的“We”指三位同学露西、汤姆和吉娜，而另外两个单词sister和brother在材料中根本没有出现过。正确答案为A。
4. A 材料中涉及运动的有三个单词和词组：run、play tennis、play basketball，而和地点联系在一起的仅有“I run every morning in the park near my home.”这句话。故本题的正确答案为A。
5. C 题目问的是“谁参加了学校的篮球队”，结合材料“Tom likes playing basketball.”可知喜欢打篮球的是汤姆，再和下一句“He is in the school team.”联系起来，正确答案为C。
五、信息转换题
[命题形式]
该类题主要根据短文或独白内容填写表格中所缺的单词或短语，考查学生捕捉关键信息和理解细节的能力。这类题将听与写两种考查方式有机结合，选材丰富，语句紧凑，内容真实，要求学生具备通过短文或对话材料补充关键信息的能力，这是语言综合运用的体现。
[答题技巧]
听录音前，了解表格信息，有助于我们在听录音时捕捉有效信息。
听第一遍录音时要掌握主要内容，做好相应的记录；听第二遍录音时要对第一遍的记录进行补充或更正。
听完后，根据对录音的理解和所做的笔记，写出正确答案。填写答案时，要注意词数限制。
填写完后，要注意检查时态、单复数以及大小写是否正确。
[典型再现]
（一）听独白，完成下列句子，每空不超过三个单词。
1. Jim's__________, Mary, lives in Beijing.
2. Mary is a(n)__________teacher in a middle school.
3. Last__________, Jim went to Beijing to visit Mary by train.
4. After Jim arrived in Beijing, Mary took him to have dinner__________.
5. After dinner, Mary bought Jim a nice__________pen.
[听力原文]
I'm Jim. My aunt, Mary, lives in Beijing. She is a history teacher in a middle school. Last Thursday, I went to Beijing by train to visit her. I arrived there at 5:30 in the afternoon. And then she took me to have dinner at a restaurant. I had some hamburgers and my aunt had some noodles. After dinner, She took me to the bookstore and bought me a nice red pen.
[答案解析]
1. aunt浏览题目时可知，Jim's后面应该填的是一个名词，空格后是一个人名“Mary”（玛丽），可知空格处填的应是表明吉姆和玛丽人物关系的单词，常见的有grandfather、grandmother、father、mother、uncle、aunt、cousin等，再进行进一步判断：玛丽是女子名，又可以缩小答题范围。材料中的原句是“My aunt、Mary、lives in Beijing.”，答案是aunt。
2. history题目中有两个关键词teacher和middle school，结合所学知识猜测本题需要填写的是表示学科的单词，如English、Chinese、math、history、PE、music、art等。材料中原句是“She is a history teacher in a middle school.”，注意辨别history这个单词的读音即可。
3. Thursday浏览题目可知，本题需要填的是一个表示过去的时间状语的单词，常见的可以填入空格的单词是year、month、week、Sunday、night等，依靠平时的单词积累，结合材料原文“Last Thursday，I went to Beijing by train to visit her.”，便很容易写出答案。
4. at a restaurant浏览题目可知，“去吃饭”这一话题应和三个最常见的方面有关系：时间、地点、人物，一一对应之后发现缺的是地点，带着这一问题有目的地去听便容易得出答案。
5. red从题目中“Mary bought Jim a nice__________pen.”得出的信息是应填一个描写钢笔的形容词，可能涉及产地、大小、颜色、形状等，联系材料中“She took me to the bookstore and bought me a nice red pen.”一句，正确答案是red。
（二）听短文，完成下面的表格，每空一词。
[听力原文]
Mr Smith is a teacher. He is from a big city in the US. He is 30 years old now. He would like to live in China because he likes Chinese people and culture. He thinks Chinese people are very friendly. Next year, his wife and daughter are coming to China to live with him. He feels very happy. He teaches English in Class 8, Grade 9. There are 45 students in his class. His students like him very much.
[答案解析]
1. city题目中的两个信息要注意：“Hometown”和“is from”都和地点有关。我们常见的和big有关的地名有a big country, a big city, a big town，甚至是a big village。联系材料中原句“He is from a big city in the US.”可知正确答案为city。
2. 30/thirty由“Age”和“is__________years old”可知，此空格处应填一个表示年龄的数字。听录音时，应对材料中的数字保持高度的敏感。注意thirty和thirteen这两个单词的读音极为相似，除了仔细辨音外，还可根据生活常识判断：既然说“Mr Smith is a teacher.”，并且还提到了“his wife and daughter”，这样一来答案就较为明显了。
3. year本题属于填时间的题目，较为简单。联系材料中原句“Next year, his wife and daughter are coming to China to live with him.”即可得到答案。
4. 8/eight浏览题目“Class__________，Grade 9”可知，此处应填一个数字。材料中原句是“He teaches English in Class 8，Grade 9.”。同时要留意eight、eighteen、eighty这三个单词的读音区别。
5. 45/forty-five跟第4小题一样，此题仍是填数字，那么对于材料中的数字必须特别留心，从“There are 45 students in his class.”一句中很容易得出答案。另外还得注意forty-five不能写成fourty-five。除了听力必备的单词辨音能力之外，单词的拼写也要非常注意，否则，听出了单词，却不会拼写或拼写错误，岂不功亏一篑？