9.2　考研真题与典型题详解

I. Fill in the blanks.

1．Christian is a character in ______ written by ______. （大连外国语学院2007研）

【答案】The Pilgrim’s Progress, John Bunyan

【解析】Christian是英国作家John Bunyan的寓言《天路历程》中的人物。该作品被誉为“英国文学中最著名的寓言”。

2．After the death of Cromwell, the Parliament recalled Charles Ⅱ to England in1660; then followed the ______ period.

【答案】Restoration

【解析】1660年，克伦威尔死后，议会拥护查理二世回到英国，君主制死灰复燃，这一时期被称为“王朝复辟时期”。

3．______ wrote his masterpiece The Pilgrim’s Progress during his second imprisonment.

【答案】John Bunyan

【解析】约翰·班扬是一个不信奉英国国教的清教徒，曾两次因布道被捕入狱。在第二次入狱期间他创作了代表作《天路历程》。

II. Multiple Choice

1．Another school of poetry prevailing in 17th century was that of ______, i.e. those verse-writers, often knights and squires, who sided with the King against the Parliament and Puritans.

A. Metaphysical Poets

B. Cavalier Poets

C. John Milton

D. John Dryden

【答案】B

【解析】17世纪上半叶的英国，在诗歌方面的主要代表是骑士派和玄学派。在内战中骑士派诗人为国王效力，反对议会和清教徒。

2．The following section describes the hero’s journey in search of salvation in ______. （大连外国语2008研）

A. The Pilgrim’s Progress

B. Paradise Regained

C. Canterbury Tales

D. Utopia

Christian continues on his way, assisted by a new friend, Hopeful, who has been converted by Faithful’s martyrdom. They hold to the high road despite many difficulties and dangers but finally, their feet being weary and the road growing hourly more hard and rocky, they are tempted to take a bypath through a pleasant meadow which seems to follow the same general route.

【答案】A

【解析】题目中的这段文章节选自John Bunyan（约翰·班扬）的小说The Pilgrim’s Progress（《天路历程》），描写了基督徒寻求救赎的一段旅程。

3．John Bunyan uses the everyday world of common experience as a metaphor for the spiritual journey of the soul toward God in his ______. （北二外2008研）

A. The Pilgrim’s Progress

B. Lycidas

C. The Fairy Queen

D. Donn Juan

【答案】A

【解析】The Pilgrim’s Progress（《天路历程》）是班扬最脍炙人口的作品。Lycidas（《利西达斯》）是弥尔顿的一首田园挽歌，The Fairy Queen（《仙后》）是斯宾塞的长诗，Don Juan（《唐璜》）是拜伦的一首长诗。

Ⅲ. Explain the following term.

Allegory （国际关系学院2007研；天津外国语学院2008研）

Key: Allegory is a work of art in which a deeper meaning underlies the superficial or literal meaning or the representation of one meaning by another in this way. It is often referred to a work of fiction in which the author intends characters and their actions to be understood in terms other than their surface appearances and meanings, and the implied or extended meanings involve moral or spiritual concepts more significant than the actual narrative itself. John Bunyan’s The Pilgrim’s Progress and Dante’s The Divine Comedy are typical allegories.

IV. Read the following quotation and answer the questions.

Judge: Thou runagate, heretic, and traitor, hast thou heard what these honest gentlemen have witnessed against thee?

Faithful: May I speak a few words in my own defense?

Judge: Sirrah, sirrah! Thou deservest to live no longer but to be slain immediately upon the place；yet, that all men may see our gentleness towards thee, let us hear what thou, vile runagate, hast to say.

Questions:

1．Which work is the passage quoted from?

2．Who is the author of the work?

3．Summarize the story of the passage.

Key: 1. It is quoted from The Pilgrim’s Progress.

2．The author is John Bunyan.

3．The passage is entitled “Vanity Fair”. Christian and Faithful come to Vanity Fair where it seems that all can be bought by money. As they refuse to buy anything but Truth, they are beaten and put in a cage, and then taken out and led in chains up and down the fair and at length brought before a court. Judge Hate-good summons three witnesses：Envy, Superstition and Pick thank, who testify against him. The case is given to the jury, composed of Mr. Badman, Mr. No-good, Mr. Malice, etc. Each gives verdict against Faithful, who is presently condemned. Here Bunyan intends to satirize the state trials in the reactionary reigns of Charles Ⅱ and James Ⅱ, which are merely forms preliminary to hanging, drawing and quartering.

V. Short answer question

What are the main characteristics of Restoration literature?

Key: (1) Restoration literature is characterized by a cliquish culture centering on the court and deeply influenced by French classical taste.

(2) There are four main characteristics of Restoration literature: ①the tendency to vulgar realism in the drama, ②a general formalism, ③the development of a simpler and more direct prose style, ④the prevalence of the heroic couplet in poetry.

(3) They are all exemplified in the works of one man, John Dryden.

VI. Essay question

Make an introduction of The Pilgrim’s Progress.

Key: (1) The Pilgrim’s Progress is a religious allegory written by John Bunyan. It tells of the spiritual pilgrimage of Christian, who flies from the City of Destruction, meets with the perils and temptations of the Slough of Despond, Vanity Fair, and Doubting Castle, faces and overcomes the demon Appollyon, and finally comes to the Delectable Mountains and the Celestial City.

(2) In the allegory, Bunyan presentes us vivid life pictures of English society, and conversations which enliven his narratives vividly repeat the language of his time. In reality, the Celestial City in The Pilgrim’s Progress is the vision of an ideal happy society dreamed by a poor tinker in the 17th century, through a veil of religious mist.

(3) One of the remarkable passages is the one in which Vanity Fair and the persecution of Christian and his friend Faithful are described. Here Bunyan intends to satirize the state trials in the reactionary reigns of Charles Ⅱand James Ⅰ, which are merely forms preliminary to hanging, drawing and quartering.

(4) John Bunyan cherished a deep hatred of both the king and his government. He saw and detested the injustice of law, trials and magistrates. That is why his The Pilgrim’s Progress had won immediate success among the common people, has become one of the most popular works in the English language.

(5) His prose is admirable. It is a popular speech ennobled by the solemn dignity and simplicity of the language of the English Bible.

（此题从《天路历程》的主要内容、主题、写作风格等方面作答。）