【21：30～22：00　睡前半小时英语】

Questions 1 to 5 are based on the following passage.

A is for always getting to work on time.

B is for being extremely busy.

C is for the conscientious（勤勤恳恳的）way you do your job.

You may be all these things at the office，and more.But when it comes to getting ahead，experts say，the ABCs of business should include a P，for politics，as in office politics.

Dale Carnegie suggested as much more than 50 years ago hard work alone doesn't ensure career advancement. You have to be able to sell yourself and your ideas，both publicly and behind the scenes.Yet，despite the obvious rewards of engaging in office politics—a better job，a raise，praise—many people are still unable—or unwilling—to play the game.

People assume that office politics involves some manipulative（工于心计的）behavior，says Deborah Comer，an assistant professor of management at Hofstra University.But politics derives from the word“polite”.It can mean lobb-ying and forming associations.It can mean being kind and helpful，or even trying to please your superior，and then expecting something in return.

In fact，today，experts define office politics as proper behavior used to pursue one's own self-interest in the workplace.In many cases，this involves some form of socializing within the office environment—not just in large companies，but in small workplaces as well.

The first thing people are usually judged on is their ability to perform well on a consistent basis，says Neil P.Lewis，a management psychologist.But if two or three candidates are up for a promotion，each of whom has reasonably similar ability，a manager is going to promote the person he or she likes best.It's simple human nature.

Yet，psychologists say，many employees and employers have trouble with the concept of politics in the office. Some people，they say，have an idealistic vision of work and what it takes to succeed.Still others associate politics with flattery（奉承），fearful that，if they speak up for themselves，they may appear to be flattering their boss for favors.

Experts suggest altering this negative picture by recognizing the need for some self-promotion.

1.Office politics（Line 2，Para.4）is used in the passage to refer to _________.

A.the code of behavior for company staff

B.the political views and beliefs of office workers

C.the interpersonal relationships within a company

D.the various qualities required for a successful career

2.To get promoted，one must not only be competent but_________ _ .

A.give his boss a good impression　B.honest and loyal to his company

C.get along well with his colleagues　D.avoid being too outstanding

3.Why are many people unwilling to“play the game”（Line 4，Para.5）？

A.They believe that doing so is impractical.　B.They feel that such behavior is unprincipled.

C.They are not good at manipulating colleagues.　D.They think the effort will get them nowhere.

4.The author considers office politics to be _________.

A.unwelcome at the workplace

B.bad for interpersonal relationships

C.indispensable to the development of company culture

D.an important factor for personal advancement

5.It is the author's view that_________ _ .

A.speaking up for oneself is part of human nature　B.self-promotion does not necessarily mean flattery

C.hard work contributes very little to one's promotion　D.many employees fail to recognize the need of flattery

※答案与解析※

1.D　依据第四段第二句话。该句指出：专家说，要想在事业上取得成功，除了具有A（按时上班）、B（勤奋）、C（踏实）等品质外，还应该包括P（权术polities）。文章后面的部分就是对“office politics”的进一步解释说明。由此可知，office politics指的就是事业成功所需要的各种品质，故选项D正确。

2.A　依据第八段内容。在该段中，管理心理学家Neil P.Lewis说：“通常情况下，首先衡量人们的标准就是在相同的情况下看他们完成工作的能力。但是，如果提升的候选人有两个或者三个，其能力又相同，经理通常会提升他所喜欢的人。这是一般的人性。”由此可以推断出：得到老板的喜欢，给老板留下一个好的印象，这也是提升所必须的一个方面。故选项A正确。

3.B　从第五段内容可知，play the game指的就是“玩权术”，善于“玩权术”的人可能会得到提升、加薪、表扬等，但是很多人仍然不能够或不愿意这么做。第六段解释了许多人不愿“玩权术”的原因。首先通过构词法可知，选项B中的unprincipled是由“un-（不，不会）+principled（讲究原则的）”构成，故该词的意思应为“不讲究原则的，不讲道德的；不正直的”，这与文章中的manipulative（工于心计的）相对应，故B项为正确答案。另外，也可用排除法；A项（他们认为玩权术不切实际）与文中内容相悖；C项（不擅长操纵支配同事）文中并没提到；D项（这种努力使他们一无所获）与文中作者表达的意思相反。所以，ACD都可排除。

4.D　实际上作者在第四段就说明了polities在个人事业成功中的重要性。在第八段中，作者又引用管理心理学家Neil P.Lewis的话，说明“office politics”在个人升职当中的重要性。由此可见，选项D正确。

5.B　倒数第二段说：许多人不能够很好地领会权术的概念，有些人太理想化，认为付出很多就会成功（what takes to succeed），而另一些人却把权术与奉承联系起来，担心如果为自己讲话，好像他们是为了得到恩惠在奉承老板。接着在最后一段作者指出：通过认识到自我推荐是个人发展所必须的这一事实来改变这种消极的看法。显然，作者认为自我推荐并不意味着奉承。故B项为正确答案。