2.19 [44] 景公登路寝台望国而（欢）〔叹〕晏子谏

齐景公攀登路寝台眺望国都而悲叹，晏子进谏

【原文】

景公与晏子登寝而望国，公愀然而（欢）〔叹〕曰：“使后嗣世世有此，岂不可哉！”晏子曰：“臣闻明君必务正其治，以事利民，然后子孙享之。《诗》云：‘武王岂不事，贻厥孙谋，以燕翼子。’今君处佚怠，逆政害民有日矣，而犹出若言，不亦甚乎！”公曰：“然则后世孰将把齐国？”对曰：“服牛死，夫妇（笑）〔哭〕，非骨肉之亲也，为其利之大也。欲知把齐国者，则其利之者邪？”公曰：“然，何以易〔之〕？”对曰：“移之以善政。今公之牛马老于栏牢，不胜服也；车蠹于巨户，不胜乘也；衣裘襦袴，朽弊于藏，不胜衣也；醯醢腐，不胜沽也；酒醴酸，不胜饮也；府粟郁，而不胜食。又厚藉敛于百姓，而不以分馁民。夫藏财而不用，凶也，财苟失守，下其报环至。其次昧财之失守，委而不以分人者，百姓必进自分也。故君人者与其请于人，不如（于请）〔请于〕己也。”

【今译】

齐景公和晏子一起登上路寝台眺望国都，景公悲怆地叹息道：“让后世子孙世代保有这个国家，难道不可以吗！”晏子说：“我听闻贤明的国君一定致力于摆正他的治国理念，做有利于百姓的事，然后子孙后代才能安享国家。《诗经》中说：‘武王怎么能不做（有利于百姓的）事呢，他为子孙的将来做好了安排，并庇佑保护他们。’现在您安逸怠惰，倒行逆施，侵害百姓已经很长时间了，还能说出这样的话来，这不是太过分了吗！”景公说：“既然这样，那么后世谁将执掌齐国呢？”晏子说：“拉车的牛死了，主人夫妇伤心地哭泣，这并不是因为他们跟牛之间有骨肉之亲，而是因为牛给他们带来的利益太大了。您想知道将来执掌齐国的人，那么应该就是给齐国人带来利益最大的人吧！”景公说：“既然这样，有什么办法能改变这种局面呢？”晏子说：“用好的政策来改变。现在您的牛马在圈里关老了，不能拉车；您的车子在车库中生了蠹虫，不能乘坐；您的皮衣皮袄在藏衣柜中朽坏了，不能再穿；肉酱腐烂了，不能再卖；美酒放酸了，不能再喝；仓库中的粮食堆的发了霉，不能再吃。可您还加重赋税，对百姓横征暴敛，而不肯把聚敛的财物分发给贫穷饥饿的人。储藏财物而不使用，是不吉利的，这些财物一旦失去，随后而来的报复行动就会连续不断。再说暗藏的财物守不住，丢弃了而不分给别人，那么百姓一定会自己前来把它分掉。因此做国君的人与其求助于别人，不如求助于自己。”

Duke Jing climbed the terrace over the Road Bedchamber^[1] together w ith Yanzi and surveyed his capital. The Duke sighed sadly and said: “Oh,if only every generation of my descendants could possess this how could this not be proper?”

Yanzi said: “I have heard that the enlightened ruler must strive to rectify his governance so that his acts w ill benefit the people. Only then may his sons and grandsons enjoy it. As it says in the Odes:

Did King Wu not work?

He handed down his plans to his grandsons,

To bring peace and security to his sons.^[2]

But now you,my Lord,indulge in idle pleasures,and your perverse policies have harmed the people for quite some time; yet you still express yourself in such words—is this not excessive?”

The Duke said: “If so,then who will hold power in the state of Qi in later generations?”

Yanzi answered: “When a yoked ox dies,then the owner and his wife weep,not because it was their own flesh-and-bone relative,but because it brought them great benefits. If you now want to know who will hold power in the state of Qi,w ill it not be the one who brings it benefit?”

The Duke said: “Agreed. How can I change all this?”

Yanzi answered: “You can avert all this by means of good governance. Now,my Lord,your cattle and horses have become old in the animal enclosures and cannot be yoked; the carriages behind the huge doors are eaten by worms and cannot be used for driving; items of clothing,furs,jackets and trousers decay in the storehouses and cannot be worn; vinegar and meat sauce spoil and cannot be sold; w ine and fine liquor turn into vinegar and cannot be drunk; the grain in your store house becomes moldy and cannot be eaten. Furthermore,you heavily tax the people and do not share any of the gains w ith the starving. Accumulating goods and making no use out of them is disastrous. If indeed one fails to safeguard these accumulated goods,then one w ill be targeted by the inferiors’ revenge. Worse,if one is unaware that one has failed to safeguard the goods,and the goods lie about w ithout being distributed among the people,then people w ill certainly take the initiative and distribute these goods by themselves. Therefore,nothing is better for the ruler of the people than to make demands on himself rather than on the people.”

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注释

[1]Add 路 before 寝 (JS,146/2).

[2]The Shijing,244/123/29,reads 仕 instead of 事 and 诒 instead of 贻.