23 这里为什么要用are而不用is?
问:现有一个问题请教。在《汉英翻译教程》(吕瑞昌、喻云根、张复星等编著)中有这样一段话:“多少事,从来急;天地转,光阴迫。一万年太久,只争朝夕。”它的英译:So many deeds cry out to be done,/ And always urgently; /The world rolls on Time presses./ Ten thousand years are too long, /Seize the day, Seize the hour!我不明白Ten thousand years are too long中,为什么用are,而不用is?其根据是什么?
答:的确,在表示时间、距离、钱币和重量单位等的复数形式名词作主语时,因其多强调一个单一的不可分的整体,而通常视作单数,其谓语动词也用单数形式。例如:
(1)Fifteen minutes seems a long time for one who waits.
(2)A hundred miles is a long distance.
(3)A hundred and thirty dollars is a reasonable price.
(4)Five grammas is a light weight.
但是,若表示时间、距离、钱币和重量单位等的复数形式名词作主语时,强调的不是单一的整体而是其具体的个别的组成部分,则通常就要视作复数,其谓语动词也相应用复数形式。例如:
(5)Every day more than four hours are slavishly wasted on commuting between our home and factory.
(6)Last year 140,000 yuan were raised for the project.
你所提到的译文即是这一用法。但是,究竟是把这种用作主语的复数形式名词视作单数还是复数,也可随说话人的主观态度来决定。例如:
(7)The fifty miles was(were)covered by the winner in 14 hours,14 minutes and 45 seconds.