第三节 补充选项
一、考点介绍
补充选项是雅思阅读A类考试填空题中经常出现的一个考点。这种考点的出题思路就是和答案相似的内容已经在空格前或空格后给出，考生还需要根据文章补充一个与已经给出的内容属于同一类别的内容。
补充选项是填空题中比较容易判断的陷阱，有一些标志词可以帮助大家迅速做出判断，如and, also, or, similar等。一旦出现这些标志词，考生们就要注意文章中这些标志词附近的信息点，判断其能否作为补充选项填入空格处。
二、真题示例
Example 1（Cambridge IELTS 12 Test 5 READING PASSAGE 1 Questions 7 and 8）
【真题回顾】
Recent years have seen the end of the virtual monopoly of cork as the material for bottle stoppers, due to concerns about the effect it may have on the contents of the bottle. This is caused by a chemical compound called 2,4,6-trichloroanisole (TCA), which forms through the interaction of plant phenols, chlorine and mould. The tiniest concentrations—as little as three or four parts to a trillion—can spoil the taste of the product contained in the bottle. The result has been a gradual yet steady move first towards plastic stoppers and, more recently, to aluminium screw caps. These substitutes are cheaper to manufacture and, in the case of screw caps, more convenient for the user.
Questions 7 and 8
Complete the notes below.
Choose ONE WORD ONLY from the passage for each answer.
Write your answers in boxes 7 and 8 on your answer sheet.
Comparison of aluminium screw caps and cork bottle stoppers
Advantages of aluminium screw cans
· do not affect the taste of the bottle contents
· are 7……………………to produce
· are 8……………………to use
【考点点拨】
· are 7……………………to produce
· are 8……………………to use
答案：7 cheaper
8 convenient
关键词：produce、use
定位句：根据关键词定位到倒数第二行：These substitutes are cheaper to manufacture and, in the case of screw caps, more convenient for the user．这些替代品生产更加廉价，而对使用者来说螺旋盖则更加便捷。
解析：定位句中的manufacture、user分别和题目中的produce、use是同义替换，答案分别是cheaper和convenient。
考 点：补充选项。这两道题目的结构相似，是补充选项的明显标志，即空格处要填类似的内容。
Example 2（Cambridge IELTS 9 Test 4 READING PASSAGE 1 Questions 11 and 12）
【真题回顾】
READING PASSAGE 1
The life and work of Marie Curie
One of Marie Curie's outstanding achievements was to have understood the need to accumulate intense radioactive sources, not only to treat illness but also to maintain an abundant supply for research. The existence in Paris at the Radium Institute of a stock of 1.5 grams of radium made a decisive contribution to the success of the experiments undertaken in the years around 1930. This work prepared the way for the discovery of the neutron by Sir James Chadwick and, above all, for the discovery in 1934 by Irene and Frederic Joliot-Curie of artificial radioactivity. A few months after this discovery, Marie Curie died as a result of leukaemia caused by exposure to radiation. She had often carried test tubes containing radioactive isotopes in her pocket, remarking on the pretty blue-green light they gave off.
Her contribution to physics had been immense, not only in her own work, the importance of which had been demonstrated by her two Nobel Prizes, but because of her influence on subsequent generations of nuclear physicists and chemists.
Questions 11 and 12
Complete the notes below.
Choose ONE WORD from the passage for each answer.
Write your answers in boxes 11 and 12 on your answer sheet.
Marie Curie's research on radioactivity
· Marie Curie saw the importance of collecting radioactive material both for research and for cases of 11..................... .
· The radioactive material stocked in Paris contributed to the discoveries in the 1930s of the 12..................... and of what was known as artificial radioactivity.
【考点点拨】
Marie Curie saw the importance of collecting radioactive material both for research and for cases of 11....................... .
答案：illness
关键词：both for research and for
定位句：根据关键词定位到第一段第一行：One of Marie Curie's outstanding achievements was to have understood the need to accumulate intense radioactive sources, not only to treat illness but also to maintain an abundant supply for research．玛丽·居里的杰出成就之一就是，她意识到要积累大量的放射资源，这不仅是为了满足治病的需求，也是要为研究提供充足的供给。
解 析：定位句中说放射性资源not only to treat illness but also...for research，这里的not only...but also和题目中的both...and是同义替换，题目中给出了for research，答案就是illness。
考 点：补充选项。即research是题目已经给出的内容，还需要根据文章补充一个与它类似的内容，illness就是要找的答案。题目中的both...and和文章中的not only...but also是“补充选项”的明显标志。
The radioactive material stocked in Paris contributed to the discoveries in the 1930s of the 12..................... and of what was known as artificial radioactivity.
答案：neutron
关键词：discoveries、1930s、and、artificial radioactivity
定位句：根据关键词定位到第一段第三行：The existence in Paris at the Radium Institute of a stock of 1.5 grams of radium made a decisive contribution to the success of the experiments undertaken in the years around 1930. This work prepared the way for the discovery of the neutron by Sir James Chadwick and, above all, for the discovery in 1934 by Irene and Frederic Joliot-Curie of artificial radioactivity.巴黎镭研究所有1.5克的镭，这为1930年前后几年里所做实验的成功做出了决定性的贡献。这项工作为James Chadwick爵士发现中子，尤其是为1934年Irene和Frederic Joliot-Curie发现人工放射奠定了基础。
解 析：题目问的是两项发现中的一个，定位句说两项发现分别是discovery of the neutron和discovery of artificial radioactivity，题目中给出了artificial radioactivity，空格前给出了of the，答案就是neutron。
考 点：补充选项。即artificial radioactivity是题目已经给出的内容，还需要根据文章补充一个与它类似的内容，neutron就是要找的答案。题目和文章中的and是“补充选项”的明显标志。