Day20 Laboratory studies show that Saluda Natural Spring Water contains several of the minerals

The following appeared in an article in a health–and–？tness magazine：

“Laboratory studies show that Saluda Natural Spring Water contains several of the minerals necessary for good health and that it is completely free of bacteria.Residents of Saluda，the small town where the water is bottled，are hospitalized less frequently than the national average.Even though Saluda Natural Spring Water may seem expensive，drinking it instead of tap water is a wise investment in good health.”

Discuss how well reasoned you find this argument.In your discussion be sure to analyze the line of reasoning and the use of evidence in the argument.For example，you may need to consider what questionable assumptions underlie the thinking and what alternative explanations or counterexamples might weaken the conclusion.You can also discuss what sort of evidence would strengthen or refute the argument，what changes in the argument would make it more logically sound，and what，if anything，would help you better evaluate its conclusion.

文勇五问：

（1）本题中，事实是什么？结论是什么？“Laboratory studies show that Saluda Natural Spring Water contains several of the minerals necessary for good health and that it is completely free of bacteria.Residents of Saluda，the small town where the water is bottled，are hospitalized less frequently than the national average.”是事实，“drinking it instead of tap water is a wise investment in good health.”是结论，值得反驳吗？

（2）实验室检查得出的结果一定代表了实际情况吗？有没有可能实验室检查抽样的产品并不具有代表性呢？这样的话检查结果是否还有意义？

（3）对身体有益的矿物质，一定是自来水中所没有的吗？这些矿物质一定需要通过水摄入吗？是否有可能日常进食就能够获取大量这些矿物质，达到身体需求的水准呢？你能罗列一到两个含有矿物质的日常食物吗？例如：菠菜中含有铁元素；鱼类含锌元素。而自来水有没有可能拥有一些含矿物质水不具备的、有利健康的效用呢？

（4）水中没有细菌一定是好事情吗？水中是否存在有益的细菌？例如：益生菌可改善肠道内微生物的平衡，调整肠道菌落的组成，促进人类健康和长寿。另外，有没有可能即使是含有有害细菌，但也对身体的健康无碍？例如所含有害细菌是身体防御机制可以轻松应对的。

（5）文章中提到的Saluda Natural Spring Water和住院频率低有直接的因果关系吗？是唯一的因果关系吗？而住院频率更低，一定意味着当地居民的身体更好吗？有没有可能住院频率更低是因为住院时间相对更长，或者当地人不喜欢住院，生病后更倾向于在家里养病？有没有可能住院频率虽低，但是实际发病率更高？

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