第3章 Abstract

The book takes school as a clue and category as a link, to first research sys'tematically on the thought of people's livelihood in ancient China from double visions of philosophy and sociology. In the school study, explores the Confucian thought of people's livelihood in ancient China from the theoretical basis on thought of people's livelihood, standard of pursuing people's livelihood quality, principle of dealing with problem of the rich and the poor, and measures of improving people's livelihood; reveals the Taoist ideal of people's livelihood from three levels of lining with the "Tao", putting life in the first place and governing by doing nothing against nature; interprets the Mohist thought of people's livelihood from four levels of morality, religion, economics and politics; scans the Legalist conception of people's livelihood from basis of human nature, attitude towards rich and poor and social welfare, law requirements of securing and standardizing people's livelihood;expounds the Agriculturist idea of people's livelihood from three aspects of idols of worshiping, political faction's concept of equal labor and management faction's concept of guiding farmers with science and technology. In the category study, through exploring the categories of people's livelihood, circle of life, taking pleasure in living things, making life rich, loving universally, conforming to the nature, governing by law, working together, loving people, conducive to people, raising people, helping the weak, relieving the poor, equalization, life and death, strong or weak, weal and woe, fame and wealth, manpower and destiny, diligence and laziness, luxury and thrift, especially through analyzing the core categories and their dialectical relationship between reason and desires, correcting morals and making life rich, pursuing way and looking for food, taking and giving, loss and benefit, planning above and living on oneself, protecting the rich and making wealth average, to reveal scholars in ancient China how to understand the problems about standard of people's livelihood quality, the relationship between people's material livelihood and non－material livelihood, requirements of national income distribution, main body of solving people's livelihood problems, principle of processing relationship between the poor and the rich, and offers reflection and reference value to our current country construction of people's livelihood.