国际安全研究（2018年第1辑·英文版）
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Non-traditional Security Community: A New Exploration of Transnational Security Governance* The first draft of this paper was submitted for discussion at the fourth International Studies Forum and the Symposium on“The Theory and Practice of the Asia and Pacific Security Community” on October 14 and 15, 2016. The conference was co-hosted by College of ASEAN Studies, Guangxi University for Nationalities, the Editorial Department of International Security Studies, University of International Relations and the Editorial Department of Global Review, Shanghai Institutes for International Studies. Thanks go to the experts present for their criticism and advice and the anonymous reviewers for their suggestions on the modification of the thesis. The authors take sole responsibility for any errors made in it.

YU Xiaofeng and WANG MengtingYU Xiaofeng, Professor, School of Public Affairs, Zhejiang University; WANG Mengting, Ph. D. Candidate, School of Public Affairs, Zhejiang University.


Abstract: With the emergence of numerous complex non-traditional security issues, the “resource-induced” security dilemma characterized by being non-military has become increasingly prominent. It is exerting an impact on the existent security policies and cooperation mechanisms of various governments and transnational organizations too great for the traditional security community to cope with these new challenges. Reflecting on the theories of the security community, this paper proposes the idea of“non-traditional security community” by defining its features, types, dynamics, and construction paths. It then expands the theories of multilateral security cooperation. The non-traditional security community places emphasis on the shared future of nations when confronted with threats, advocating that union and sharing based on “generic security”is an effective solution to the “resource-induced” security dilemma. With “optimum coexistence”, “shared security”, and “security co-governance” as its core categories, “peacecooperativism” is the value premise for the non-traditional security community and the“multidimensional-multilateral cooperation” is the best way to build the non-traditional security community. Meanwhile, China should actively participate in the construction of the non-traditional security community at sub-regional, regional, and global levels with a view to implementing the idea of “community of shared future”.

Keywords: resource-induced security dilemma, non-traditional security community, multidimensional-multilateral cooperation, security governance

Introduction

Community is a mode of human existence and development as well as an important mark that man carries out practical activities as a social being. As a theoretical subject, scholars in the fields of philosophy, political science, sociology, etc. pay great attention to “community” and conduct in-depth and extensive research on it. Writings on community by academicians of international relations are more focused on “security community”.Major research results by foreign scholars are:Karl W.Deutsch,et al.,Political Community and the North Atlantic Area, Princeton:Princeton University Press,1957;Emanuel Adler and Michael Barnett,eds.,Security Communities,Cambridge:Cambridge University Press, 1998; Emanuel Adler and Patricia Greve, “When Security Community Meets Balance of Power:Overlapping Regional Mechanisms of Security Governance, ”Review of International Studies,Vol. 35, No. S1 (February 2009),pp.59-84;Ken Booth and Nicholas Wheeler,The Security Dilemma:Fear,Cooperation,and Trust in World Politics, New York:Palgrave Macmillan,2011;Amitav Acharya,Constructing a Security Community in Southeast Asia:ASEAN and the Problem of Regional Order(Third Edition),London:Routledge Press,2014,etc.Major research results by Chinese experts include:Yuan Zhengqing,“From Security Dilemma to Security Community: a Constructivist Interpretation, ”European Studies,No.4(2003),pp.38-50;Wang Xueyu,“Building Security Community through Regional Integration:A Framework for Analysis, ”European Studies,No.5(2003),pp.11-24;Yang Luhui and Guo Yanjun,“From‘Hegemonic Stability Theory' to 'Security Community'—the New Trend of Northeast Asian Security Cooperation Framework, ”World Economics and Politics,No.4(2005),pp.55-60;Sun Xuefeng,“The Realistic Basis and Future Way-out of East Asian Security Community, ”World Economics and Politics,No.10(2008),pp.18-21;Zheng Xianwu,Security,Cooperation,and Community:the Theory and Practice of Southeast Asian Regionalism,Nanjing:Nanjing University Press,2009(国内的研究成果主要有袁正清：《从安全困境到安全共同体：建构主义的解析》，载《欧洲研究》2003年第4期，第38-50页；王学玉：《通过地区一体化实现安全共同体：一个分析的框架》，载《欧洲研究》2003年第5期，第11-24页；杨鲁慧、郭延军：《从“霸权稳定论”到“安全共同体”——东北亚安全合作架构新走向》，载《世界经济与政治》2005年第4期，第55-60页；孙学峰：《东亚安全共同体的现实基础与未来出路》，载《世界经济与政治》2008年第10期，第18-21页；郑先武：《安全、合作与共同体：东南亚安全区域主义理论与实践》，南京：南京大学出版社2009年版). “In terms of political philosophy, security study with state centralism as its driving force and undoubted priority has gradually become complex and societyoriented to deal with an increasing number of individuals and small units, and many non-state actors at various levels. In constructivist terms, security study is pushing forward its reorientation towards society.”Wang Yizhou,“State Security Study from a Global Perspective, ”The Journal of International Studies,No.4(2015),pp.102-103 (王逸舟：《全球主义视野下的国家安全研究》，载《国际政治研究》2015年第4期，第102-103页). In recent years, with the emergence of nontraditional security study, scholars have also accorded attention and consideration to security community under the context of non-traditional security.Major research results abroad are: Melly Caballero Anthony, “Non-traditional Security Challenges, Regional Governance, and the ASEAN Political Security Community(APSC), ”in Ralf Emmers,ed.,ASEAN and the Institutionalization of East Asia, London: Routledge Press, 2010, pp. 27-42. Major research results by Chinese scholars include: Liu Xinghua, “Non-traditional Security and the Construction of Security Community, ”World Economics and Politics,No.9(2004),pp.37-42;Wang Jiangli,“‘Security Community'Under the Context of Non-traditional Security, ”World Economics and Politics,No.3(2009),pp. 54-61; Jin Chunzhu and Han Xiandong, “Non-traditional Security Cooperation and the Construction of the Northeast Asian Security Community: An Evaluation Based on the Process of China-Japan-Korea Environmental Security Cooperation, ”Journal of Contemporary Asia-Pacific Studies,No.5(2010),pp.70-88(中文研究成果主要有刘兴华：《非传统安全与安全共同体的建构》，载《世界经济与政治》2004年第9期，第37-42页；王江丽：《非传统安全语境下的“安全共同体”》，载《世界经济与政治》2009年第3期，第54-61页；〔韩〕金淳洙、韩献栋：《非传统安全合作与东北亚安全共同体的构建：基于中日韩环境安全合作进程的评价》，载《当代亚太》2010年第5期，第70-88页，等等).

Scholars of international relations construct “security community” to resolve“military” security dilemmas while a large number of prominent non-traditional security problems in the wake of the Cold War have brought about a kind of “resourced-induced”security dilemma that is different from traditional security dilemmas. The traditional security community dominated by state governments is inadequate to address nontraditional security threats. Therefore, the theory and practice of non-traditional security requires researchers to put forward a “non-traditional” formula corresponding to the new security situation. The construction of “the non-traditional security community” is an effective path for humankind to cope with non-traditional security threats.

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