第二章 词汇理解模拟题

Passage One

Tea is the steady companion of the Scottish day. Each hotel, no matter how humble, stocks its rooms with supplies for brew-ups（泡茶）;electric pot for 1 water, ceramic pot for brewing, china cups and small tea-creamers, a great number of teas, honey, fresh milk, and lemons. This is a delight and 2 , for not only is there no such thing in American hotels, but room service even in 3 ones, when asked for tea with milk, can 4 a plastic kettle of hot water covered by a square of Saran Wrap, and a glass of milk.

It is nearing four o'clock in the afternoon. We come upon a small caravan camper with its door open to a late-middle-aged Scottish couple, sitting at a folding table, taking tea and biscuits. Passing by, one only has a 5 : his thick, white socks and heavy black shoes;her plump pear form and print dress;the electric kettle on the table. The archaeologists are 6 as to why the people of ancient Skara Brae would locate their huts so close to the sea, and have guessed that in fact the settlement was 7 located in a protected hollow, that time has eroded the shoreline inland toward the huts. That would make sense. Indeed, when presented at Skara Brae with the lure of a（an） 8 sea and the howling wind, we ourselves tucked into the hollow of a dune for lunch, eating cheese and apples in the sun with wind 9 our heads, blowing the sand into rippling ridges, flattening the beach grasses. Probably the archaeologists are right, but this utterly typical sense of Scottish 10 merrily planted at the edge of harsh cliffs, afternoon tea conducted in the wind and cold, suggests another possibility.

A) deliver

B) sparkling

C) confused

D) considerate

E) slash

F) immediately

G) astonishment

H) glimpse

I) skimming

J) domesticity

K) cooperate

L) boiling

M) respectable

N) glowing

O) originally

Passage Two

Two astronauts face a not-so-merry Christmas after being told to ration their food and hope a cargo ship with extra supplies docks on Dec. 21. Russian cosmonaut Salizhan Sharipov and American Leroy Chiao have been asked to cut out calories equal to three cans of Coke from their daily diet—around 10 percent of their daily 1 and an amount that would be little noticed, NASA said.

Russian officials, quoted in the local media, have 2 blamed the previous crew for overeating during their one-month mission earlier this year, leaving a 3 of meat and milk and a surplus of juice and confectionery（糖果）.

The Dec. 24 launch of the next Progress is now 4 for the crew, stationed in orbit since October. It is due to 5 with the ISS on Dec. 21.

NASA officials said their situation was not so different from being cut off on Earth, and their lives were not at risk. If they do not receive 6 supplies, the astronauts would have to 7 the station and return to Earth on the Soyuz capsule that is docked there.

Russia has been the sole lifeline to the ISS for almost two years when the United States grounded its 8 fleet after the fatal Columbia accident.

Russia has often 9 of its financial struggle to keep the ISS fully serviced single-handedly. Shuttle flights could 10 in May, officials have said, but in the meantime Russia will continue to launch all manned and cargo ships.

A) deficit

B) complained

C) severely

D) allowance

E) considerately

F) shuttle

G) evacuate

H) absently

I) adequate

J) dock

K) resume

L) vital

M) trivial

N) evaluate

O) fresh

Passage Three

We all hope that the values that are important to each of us are passed along to our children.

Often, however, that hope is challenged by a flood of pop culture messages, peer pressure, and over-scheduled lives that leave little time for good counsel or 1 . It's easy to forget that learning values and character at home is as important as any schoolwork or 2 activity.

In the real world of jobs and career, people are judged by two 3 : their professional skills and their personal traits. While grade school, high school, and college can teach skills and 4 , it's up to parents to teach children the 5 that make for success in the real world—diligence, a cooperative attitude, creativity, optimism, assertiveness, and honesty. Schools— 6 colleges—don't focus on these issues. That's the job of the parents, so take the assignment seriously. Send your kids into the world, ready to 7 not only the tasks of life but also its hurdles, social obstacles, and frustrations with finesse and character.

You really can't start soon enough. After all, children need personal integrity and morals as much as any adult. Bullies will always be around;tasks won't always be assigned fairly;the good guys won't always win;petty concerns will often 8 issues of substance;and money won't always be in ample supply; 9 children to the harsher realities of life isn't cruel;giving them that experience and 10 them through it is part and parcel of raising kids to have courage, resilience（适应力）, and honor.

A) reflection

B) coaching

C) attributes

D) realization

E) standards

F) academic

G) proficiency

H) associated

I) handle

J) convey

K) exposing

L) trump

M) assignment

N) extracurricular

O) particularly

Passage Four

Employers are far less likely to employ people with mental illnesses than those with physical ailments（疾病）, a report shows. The government is 1 an initiative urging employers to improve conditions for people with a mental health problem.

It is 2 one in four people will suffer a mental illness at some point in their lives. And even for those with more common types of mental illness, such as 3 , only about half are 4 employed.

The voluntary standards, launched to 5 with World Mental Health Day, will also be used by public sector organizations, including local councils, government departments and hospitals. The Disability Discrimination Act, which comes into force this December, will require these bodies to end 6 discrimination and promote equality of opportunity.

Health Minister Rosie Winterton said:“ 7 and stigma（耻辱）still surround the issue of mental ill-health and when someone does develop a problem, they often do not get the support they need from society to help them recover. ”

“We all have a role to play in helping to 8 this issue. Employers can help by raising awareness of mental health issues amongst staff, supporting those affected and combating discrimination against staff and customers. ”

“This is good for staff and good for employers, who we know will benefit from reduced staff 9 and sickness absences. ”Work and Pensions Minister Lord Hunt said:“Work is important and beneficial to our physical and mental well-being. Because of this, it is essential that we remove the 10 that prevent people starting, returning to, or remaining in work. ”

A) tackle

B) issue

C) turnover

D) competitively

E) coincide

F) unlawful

G) barriers

H) particularly

I) estimated

J) launching

K) fair

L) depression

M) taking

N) generally

O) ignorance

Passage Five

Climate talks between the world's top 20 polluters have ended with an unusual level of agreement on the urgent need to tackle greenhouse gas emissions.

But 1 at the Mexico talks also stressed the massive gap between the politics and science of climate change. Several said they had never known such a positive atmosphere. Nobody 2 the reality of climate science anymore.

Business leaders from the World Economic Forum in Davos expressed a need for strong targets from governments on greenhouse gases. The International Energy Agency（IEA）said much could be achieved with existing technology, although far greater 3 was needed. The World Bank 4 its framework for investment in clean technology to help developing countries expand energy supplies without having to follow the 5 path of the West.

But bank representatives made it clear that there was no sign of the $20bn. （￡10.1bn. ）investment programme 6 by the U.K. Chancellor Gordon Brown previously. The U. S.,which was present at the talks, was objecting to parts of the proposal. The Under-Secretary of State for Global Affairs, Paula Dobriansky, told the BBC that the U. S. was now acting urgently to tackle greenhouse gases—then later admitted that the country's 7 would continue to rise.

Another U.S. delegate agreed that the world would face 8 sea-level rise because of climate change. But when 9 asked if the U.S. opposition to mandatory（强制的）CO2 cuts had changed in any way in response to a surge in concern over recent science of climate change, the delegate 10 replied“no”. The U.S. is by no means the only sticking point in climate talks, however.

A) official

B) dirty

C) doubted

D) developed

E) outlined

F) raise

G) informally

H) emissions

I) invaluable

J) economically

K) delegates

L) thriftily

M) investment

N) inevitable

O) announced

Passage Six

The Pensions Regulator has warned employers not to cook up plans to dump their pension schemes. Companies have been warned they may be 1 the law if they transfer their schemes to new employers without meeting their financial 2 .

The Regulator says it has seen a number of plans to do this without making sure the pension scheme is 3 funded. Pension scheme trustees（托管人）have been told to make sure employers do not get away with it.

A spokesman for the Regulator said that so far it had seen fewer than five examples of employers who had suggested 4 their schemes this way. But the fact that such a public warning is being made is a clear indication of the dangers of what might be an/a 5 trend.

Section 25 of the Pensions Act 1995 says that if an employer capable of meeting financial obligations wishes to stop running a scheme altogether, then it must pay the cost of transferring it, 6 funded, to an insurance company to 7 that accrued（逐渐增加的）pensions can always be paid.

This would always be 8 expensive, even for a scheme with a surplus, because the insurance company would charge a large amount of money, based on the assumption that the pension scheme's 9 would be invested largely in bonds, plus a margin for its own profit on top. However, earlier this year the Regulator gave its blessing to a plan 10 similar to the one which it is now warning against. The Regulator has refused to explain exactly why it took this decision.

A) apparently

B) guarantee

C) property

D) assets

E) extremely

F) change

G) elimination

H) obligations

I) properly

J) potentially

K) breaking

L) fully

M) abandoning

N) emerging

O) nominative

Passage Seven

At some point, we all seemed to decide that letting children tear down the street on a dirt bike without a 1 didn't seem like such a good idea anymore. That's smart. But we also started to lock the gate and move our fun from the front yard to the backyard or the TV room. We stopped meeting our neighbors;we became less friendly and more 2 .

There's nothing more important than protecting your family, but 3 doesn't equal protection. 4 with your neighbors not only lets you know the personalities that surround you, it also provides you with 5 positive and helpful resources in times of need.

So here's your task: make a map of your neighborhood and“fill it out”. Can you write down the names of the 6 of every household, including children, pets, and parents? See how many you can do, and then take a walk through the neighborhood and meet people.

If you live in an apartment, do 7 the same. Learn with whom you share a floor or a building. Have a casual mixer or just go door to door and introduce yourself with a smile and a handshake. 8 the true reason for your visit—that you feel it's important to meet your neighbors and want them to know you as well—should 9 any suspicions.

Whether you live in an urban high-rise, or a suburban tract, or on a rural lane, chances are your neighbors will be 10 by your friendliness. Perhaps a few dinners will come out of it. Perhaps you'll find a baby-sitter or a way to help a neighbor who is in need. And a year or two later, you may just find that your neighborhood has become a friendlier, more caring place.

A) Connecting

B) surprisingly

C) helmet

D) caution

E) isolation

F) afford

G) occupants

H) bring

I) dispel

J) thrilled

K) Sharing

L) hostile

M) suspicious

N) profoundly

O) exactly

Passage Eight

In America alone, tipping is now a $11 billion-a-year industry. Consumers acting 1 ought not to pay more than they have to for a given service. Tips should not exist. So why do they? The conventional wisdom is that tips both 2 the efforts of good service and reduce uncomfortable feelings of inequality. The better the service, the bigger the tip.

Such 3 no doubt explain the supposed origin of tipping—in the 11th century, boxes in English taverns（酒馆）carried the 4 “To Insure Promptitude”（later just“TIP”）.

Tipping is better explained by culture than by economics. In America, the custom has become 5 : it is regarded as part of the accepted cost of a service. In Europe, tipping is less common;in many restaurants, 6 tipping is being replaced by a standard service charge. In many Asian countries, tipping has never really caught on at all.

How to account for these national differences? Look no further than 7 . According to Michael Lynn, the Cornell paper's co-author, countries in which people are more extrovert（外向的）, sociable or neurotic tend to tip more. Tipping 8 anxiety about being served by strangers. Icelanders, by contrast, do not usually tip—a measure of their introversion（内向）, no doubt.

While such explanations may be crude, the hard truth seems to be that tipping does not work. It does not benefit the customer. Nor, in the case of restaurants, does it 9 encourage the waiter, or help the restaurant manager to 10 and assess his staff. The cry of stingy tippers that service people should“just be paid a decent wage”may actually make economic sense.

A) phrase

B) explanations

C) actually

D) reduce

E) casual

F) sociology

G) institutionalized

H) judgment

I) psychology

J) guard

K) monitor

L) reward

M) immediately

N) rationally

O) relieves

Passage Nine

Mobile office is the mutual product of economic, scientific, and social progress. Integrating Internet and mobile communications network, and 1 powerful applications support capacity for wireless interconnection, mobile interconnection platform is an important network support technology to 2 mobile office.

When you leave your office to 3 meetings or travel on business, what would happen to your business routine? Of course, faxes and e-mails would be still sent to your fax machine or e-mail box, but you cannot read them and make prompt reaction 4 . When your clients need you to make some urgent modifications on your work and you are neither in the office nor carrying 5 documents, what can you do? Maybe you have to say“sorry”to the clients. But, your business will be affected, the clients will be unhappy and disappointed because of your 6 , and you will lose a lot of business opportunities.

In fact, very frequently, you need to check, reply, distribute, display, modify, or read some materials when you are not in your office. You must get out of this 7 . The best solution to 8 handle your business anywhere anytime and not to disappoint your clients is to let your office“move”with you. With the development of communications technology, network application, and wireless interconnection, mobile office has become simpler and smaller, and even can be 9 via one mobile phone with data communications function. Thus, mobile office has already been put into your pocket, and office mobility has been realized.

Mobile office has provided people with convenient, casual working environment, but at the same time it still has some 10 aspects such as mismatching equipment interface and inadequate battery.

A) timely

B) realized

C) accomplish

D) valid

E) delay

F) normally

G) relevant

H) situation

I) dilemma

J) handled

K) indispose

L) providing

M) unsatisfactory

N) accommodating

O) attend

Passage Ten

The desire to venture into unexplored“landscape”guides the direction of new genres. With the 1 of the Internet, information-based technology has enabled artists to investigate a new art form, a cerebral（大脑的）“medium for creative expression”, web art. Web art surfaced in the mid-1990s to receive, almost 2 , much support and 3 by museums, foundations and other traditional institutions.

The phenomenon of acceptance and support enjoyed by such an emerging art form can be assertively 4 to our culture in general, but more specifically the underlying ideas manifested over time through postmodernism. Postmodernism gave birth to“conceptual art”, an art practice which suggested that the art had traversed from object to idea, from a（n） 5 thing to a“system of thought”. Technology has created a new reproductive medium, which by its very nature confirms the ideas and 6 of postmodernism both aesthetically as well as contextually, even more absolutely than photography. Web art has enabled the artist to interrogate the conventional codes embedded in the materiality of the art and thus 7 traditional stylistic conventions.

The format and content of web art 8 encompass the postmodern concept of representation and the ideas of copy vs. original, artist vs. viewer, spatial vs. temporal and visual vs. verbal. The very characteristics of the web medium such as infinite reproducibility, interpretive interactivity, non-physicality, and coded language, 9 to the affirmation of these postmodern concerns. The 10 between postmodern theory and a pure art form that coherently echoes its concepts, manifests the acceptance of web art into the microcosmic art community as well as the larger, info-driven society.

A) attributed

B) several

C) immediately

D) tangible

E) produced

F) transcend

G) advent

H) contribute

I) canons

J) parallel

K) concisely

L) solely

M) invisible

N) transcribe

O) encouragement

答案解析

Passage One

文章精要

文章描述了苏格兰人对茶的特殊喜爱，并从考古学的角度简单描述了茶对苏格兰人聚居地的意义。

答案解析

1.L　空格前的electric pot for与water后的ceramic pot for brewing为并列关系。后者的意思是“用来冲泡的陶瓷壶”，那么前面的意思可能为“用来烧水的电热水壶”，其中“烧”这个词要用其动名词形式，与brewing对应。选项中只有boiling符合题意。

2.G　空格前为名词delight和and，判断空处应为名词，几个名词选项中，只有astonishment“令人惊讶的事”符合语境。此处要表达“这是一件令人高兴的事，也是一件令人惊讶的事”。

3.M　空格前是介词，空格后为代词ones，空处应该填形容词。几个形容词选项中只有respectable“体面的；相当好的”符合题意，此处表示的是“体面的饭店”。

4.A　空格前是情态动词can，判断此处应填动词原形。根据句意“……当被要求来一杯奶茶时，可能会______一个装有热水的塑料水壶，水壶上包着一块保鲜膜……”和上下文的语境推测此处应填一个表示“递给”的动词，故deliver最合适。

5.H　空格前为限定词a，判断空处应填一个名词。几个名词选项中，只有glimpse符合题意，意为“瞥了一眼”。

6.C　空格所在句子大意为“关于为什么古代史卡拉坡城的居民会把他们的茅屋建造在离大海这么近的地方这一问题，考古学家们是_____”，空格前为系动词are，由此判断空格处应填一个形容词，作表语，选项所给的形容词中只有confused合适，意为“疑惑的”。

7.O　空格前是系动词was，空格后是动词located，由此推测空格处应填一个副词，所给的副词中只有originally（起初）符合题意。

8.B　空格前是不定冠词a（an），空格后为名词sea、并列连词and和the howling wind，分析此处应填一个和howling并列的、修饰sea的形容词。sparkling意为“波光粼粼的”，符合题意。

9.I　空格前后都出现了名词，且空格前还有表示伴随的介词with，分析此处应填动词的现在分词形式。此处语境：在阳光下吃着奶酪和苹果，风______我们的头，把沙子吹进起伏的山脊，吹平了海草。由语境推测应填入动词skim“掠过”的现在分词形式skimming。

10.J　空格前为形容词，分析此处应填一个名词。全文都在介绍苏格兰的家庭生活，故此处应填入domesticity，意为“对家庭的挚爱”。typical sense of Scottish domesticity即“苏格兰人典型的对家庭的挚爱之情”。

Passage Two

文章精要

文章讲述了国际空间站上宇航员所面临的困难，尤其是食物短缺的问题。文章指出造成这些问题的原因是之前的宇航员吃得太多。

答案解析

1.D　空格前为形容词daily，空格后为连词and和an amount，分析句子结构可知，此处应填入一个名词。原文提到，俄罗斯和美国宇航员被要求减少摄取饮食中的热量，被减少的热量相当于三杯可乐的热量，大约减少了他们日常______的10%，显然破折号前面的daily diet和此处的daily______表达相同的含义，结合选项可知daily allowance最合适，意为“每日供给量”。

2.C　空格前为have，空格后为blamed，判断此处应该填一个副词。选项中可以修饰blame的只有severely“严厉地”。

3.A　空格前为不定冠词a，判断此处应该填一个名词。分析句子结构可知，a______of meat and milk和a surplus of juice and confectionery为并列结构，故此处应填一个和surplus相对或者相近的名词，结合选项，此处可填入deficit，意为“不足”。

4.L　空格前出现了系动词is，空格后为for the crew，此处要表达“下一阶段的12月24日的发射对自从10月份就驻扎在太空轨道中的宇航员们来说是_______”，结合选项中给出的形容词，只有vital合适，意为“重要的”。

5.J　空格前为不定式符号to，后为介词with，分析此处应填入动词原形，且与with构成搭配。根据上下文语境：在12月21日，它将和国际空间站______。动词选项中只有dock符合文意，dock with为固定结构，意为“与……对接”。

6.O　空格前为动词，空格后为名词，分析此处应填一个形容词，来修饰空格后的名词。此处指出，如果他们没有收到______供给，宇航员就不得不返回地球，结合选项中的形容词，此处填入fresh符合句意，fresh supplies意为“新鲜供应”，也指“新增补给”。

7.G　空格前为have to，空格后为the station，分析此处应填一个动词原形。此处语境为：但如果他们没有收到新鲜的供给，宇航员就不得不______空间站并返回到位于地球的联盟号宇宙飞船中。回到地球，肯定就要“离开”空间站，选项中只有evacuate表示“离开，撤离”。

8.F　空格前为形容词性物主代词its（指美国的），空后为名词fleet，显然its______fleet要表达的是“美国的______舰队”。此处语境为：自哥伦比亚号失事后，美国停飞了它的______，而这两年的时间里俄罗斯一直是国际空间站的唯一的生命线。此处显然要填表示“飞机；飞船”的单词，shuttle fleet意为“航天飞机”，为固定搭配，符合句意

9.B　空格前有助动词has，空格后为介词of，判断空处应填一个动词的过去分词，且可与of搭配。此处要表达：俄罗斯经常______它独自维持国际空间站运营的财政困难，结合选项，俄罗斯显然是在“抱怨”，complain of...意为“抱怨……”，符合句意。

10.K　空格前为情态动词could，空格后为in May，判断此处应填一个不及物动词。此句意为“官员说道，航天飞机会在五月______，但同时，俄罗斯会继续发射载人和载物飞船。”结合选项只有resume符合文意，意为“重新开始（飞行）”。

Passage Three

文章精要

文章论述了该如何培养孩子的价值观的问题，主要强调了父母在教育方面的作用以及该如何对孩子进行教育。

答案解析

1.A　根据句子结构，空处所填单词与counsel并列，故此处应填一个名词。此句意为：流行文化信息、同辈的压力和日程过满的生活使我们很少有时间听取好的忠告或者去______，结合几个名词选项，reflection意为“反思”，符合句意。

2.N　连词or连接schoolwork和______activity，显然空处要填一个与学校活动相关的形容词。选项给出的形容词中，只有extracurricular符合文意，extracurricular activity意为“课外活动”。

3.E　空格前为数量词，判断空白处应填一个复数可数名词。此句意为：在现实的工作和职场中，有两个______来评判人。由judge一词可判断此处要填表示“标准”的词，即standards。

4.G　由skills and______结构判断，空处应填一个和skills含义相关的名词。此处意为：……大学可以教技能和______，结合选项，proficiency意为“（技能的）熟练程度”，符合句意。

5.C　分析句子结构，空前为定冠词the，空后为that定语从句，空处应填名词。此处意为：由父母教会孩子在现实世界中获得成功的______，破折号后面的diligence, a cooperative attitude, creativity, optimism, assertiveness, and honesty等表示“品质”的词对空处进行了解释说明，故空处应填表示“品质”的词，故选attributes。

6.O　根据句子结构，______colleges是句子主语Schools的同位语，空处应填副词，表示突出强调，此句意为：学校，______大学，不关注这些问题，particularly“尤其是，特别是”符合文意。

7.I　空格前为ready to，判断此处应填动词原形。该动词的宾语是not only the tasks of life but also its hurdles, social obstacles, and frustrations with finesse and character，handle意为“处理，应对”，此处要表达：处理生活事务，应对困难、社会障碍和挫折。

8.L　空格前为助动词和副词，空格后为名词，判断此处应填动词原形。此处上下文语境为：欺凌事件随处可见；任务不总是公平分配；好人不一定总赢；小问题往往______实质性问题……上下文陈述的都是社会负面问题，空处所在分句也要陈述负面问题，即人们常常关注小问题，而忽略了实质性问题，也就是小问题往往压过实质性问题，trump意为“压过，胜过”。

9.K　分析句子结构，______children to the harsher realities of life为句子的主语部分，谓语动词是isn't，故空处应填动词的现在分词形式，且该动词可与to搭配。此处要表达：让孩子接触更残酷的现实生活，结合选项，exposing意为“使面临，使遭遇”，符合题意。

10.B　首先判断空前的and连接giving them that experience和______them through it两个并列成分，故空处应填现在分词，与giving对应。此处意为：让他们获得那种经历，并______他们渡过难关是教育孩子有勇气、适应力和荣誉感的必不可少的一部分，结合选项，coaching为动词coach“指导”的动名词形式，符合题意。

Passage Four

文章精要

文章描述了关于精神疾病患者就业情况的一些现状，如他们就业困难或受到歧视。文章同时提出了一些解决方法来提高他们的就业率并让社会接受他们。

答案解析

1.J　分析句子结构，空格前是is，空格后出现了不定式符号to，表目的，故空处应填动词的现在分词，并能与空格后的an initiative“一份倡议”构成搭配。此处要表达“政府正发起一份倡议”，结合选项，launching意为“发起”，符合句意。

2.I　分析句子结构，It is______是主语从句，此处要表达“据调查”、“据报道”、“据估计”等意义，结合选项，it is estimated“据估计”符合文意。

3.L　空格前为such as，显然此处是举例，应填名词，是对前文mental illness的举例，所以空处表示的是一种“心理疾病”，结合选项，depression意为“抑郁症”，符合题意。

4.D　分析句子结构，only about half are______employed主谓成分完整，故空处应填副词，修饰employed。结合选项，并根据句意：甚至对于相对较常见的心理疾病，如抑郁症，只有大约一半的患者在被雇佣时______，只有competitively合适，意为“有竞争力地”。

5.E　空格前为不定式符号to，空格后为介词with，判断此处应填一个动词，且与with搭配。coincide with为固定短语，意为“符合；同时发生”，符合题意。

6.F　分析句子结构，空格处所填单词和discrimination一同作end的宾语，空处应填形容词，修饰discrimination。原文指出：《残障歧视法令》要求这些团体或组织结束______歧视并提倡机会平等，表明针对歧视残疾人已经颁布了相关法律，故discrimination用unlawful“非法的”修饰更符合文意。

7.O　空格后为and stigma，判断此处应填一个和stigma意义相近的名词。此处意为：______和耻辱仍旧围绕着心理疾病问题。分析选项中的名词，ignorance意为“无知”，符合题意。

8.A　空格前为不定式符号to，空格后为指示代词和名词，判断此处应填一个及物动词，且为原形。此处要表达“帮助解决这个问题”，结合选项，tackle有“解决”之意。

9.C　分析句子结构，staff______是一个名词词组，被形容词reduced修饰。结合选项，staff turnover意为“员工流动率”，为固定搭配。

10.G　空格前为定冠词the，空格后为that引导的定语从句，判断此处应该填名词。此句意为：因为这一点，我们去除阻止人们开始、返回或者持续工作的______是非常重要的。由此可知，可以阻止人们做某事的一定是“障碍，阻碍”，故barriers最合适。

Passage Five

文章精要

文章陈述了各国首脑会议中谈论的解决温室效应的问题，与会者提出应尽快解决温室气体排放带来的环境问题。文章最后陈述了美国对此举措的态度。

答案解析

1.K　分析句子结构，空处为句子的主语，且stressed（强调）的主语应该是人，故应填表示人的名词。此句意为：但是参与墨西哥对话的______也重点强调了政治和气候变化科学的巨大差异。结合选项中的名词，delegates最合适，意为“代表团成员”。

2.C　分析句子结构，空处是句子的谓语动词，应填动词过去式。上一句提到，一些人没有想到谈判的氛围非常积极，由此推测此处填入doubted最合适，表示没有人再“怀疑”气候科学的现实性。

3.M　分析句子结构，far greater______为从句的主语，故空处应填一个名词。此句意为：国际能源署提到现存的技术就能让我们达到很多的目标，尽管还需要更多的______。接着下一句就提到了“投资计划”，由此可知填入investment“投资”符合句意。

4.E　根据句子结构，句子缺少谓语，空处应填动词过去式。根据空后出现的framework一词，推测应填入outlined，表示“勾勒框架”。

5.B　空格前为定冠词，空格后为名词，判断此处应填一个形容词。根据上下文文意，此处要表达的是：不让发展中国家走西方国家的脏乱的污染道路，故dirty最合适。

6.O　分析句子结构，______by the U.K. Chancellor Gordon Brown作后置定语，修饰investment programme，by一词暗示应该用过去分词。结合选项，the U.K. Chancellor应该是announced（宣布）投资计划。

7.H　空格前为名词所有格the country's，判断此处应填名词。此处意为：……后来美国承认美国的______仍将持续增加。上文提到美国目前正在迫切地应对温室气体排放问题。由此可知谈论的主题是“温室气体的排放”，故填入emissions合适，意为“排放”。

8.N　空格前为动词face，空格后为名词词组sea-level rise，判断此处可能填一个形容词，修饰sea-level rise。此句意为：另一位美国代表认为因为气候变化，世界将面临______海平面上升。结合选项，气候变化不可避免地会使海平面上升，inevitable意为“不可避免的”，符合题意。

9.G　分析句子结构，when______asked if...是省略了主语和be动词的结构，主句的主语是the delegate，从句不缺主谓成分，故推测应填副词。由本句开头的But可知相对应前一句，本句含义发生了转折，副词选项中只有informally含义合适，表示“非正式地”。

10.J　分析句子结构，the delegate______replied“no”不缺主谓充分，判断此处应填一个副词。此处意为“美国代表______地答复了‘不会’”，由此可知填入economically合适，意为“经济地，节约地”，言外之意在说明美国官员对于问题的回答很粗略，不详细。

Passage Six

文章精要

本文阐述了养老金的移交问题。文章提出目前养老金移交很可能会出现触犯法律的问题，并给出了解决这一问题的相关建议：如果雇主要终止养老金计划，可以将其转交给保险公司以确保后续养老金的如期支付。

答案解析

1.K　分析句子结构，may be______是从句的谓语，判断此处应填一个动词的现在分词。根据句意：公司被警告如果他们没有满足……他们可能会______法律，结合选项，break the law意为“触犯法律”，故breaking符合题意。

2.H　空格前为形容词，分析此处应填一个名词。此处要表达：没有履行他们的经济______，结合选项，financial obligations意为“经济职责”，obligations符合题意。

3.I　分析句子结构，the pension scheme is______funded主谓不缺，故空处应填一个副词。根据上文：监管部门表示已经看到一些没有确保养老金得以______支付就开始实施的计划。分析选项中的副词，properly意为“正确地，恰当地”，符合题意。

4.M　空格前为动词suggested，空格后为名词词组their schemes，显然此处构成了suggest doing sth. 的结构，上文提到：养老金计划托管人被告知确保雇主不会逃避支付，此处提到：到目前为止不超过五家企业以这样的方式______养老金计划，空处与上文中的get away with表达同样的含义，结合选项，abandoning“放弃”符合文意。

5.N　空格前为不定冠词，空格后为名词trend，分析此处应填一个形容词，修饰“趋势”，结合选项中的形容词，可以修饰“趋势”的只有emerging，意为“出现的”。

6.L　分析句子结构，空处修饰动词funded，故应填一个副词。分析选项中的副词，fully符合文意。

7.B　空格前为不定式符号to，空格后为that引导的从句，故此处应填动词原形。上文提到“……如果雇主能够履行经济职责，希望可以完全停止养老金计划，最好将其转交给保险公司来______后续逐渐增加的养老金可以一直被缴纳。”由此推断上述做法是为了保证养老金持续不间断的支付，故动词guarantee合适。

8.E　分析句子结构，This would always be______expensive主谓不缺，故应填一个副词。空格后面提到“保险公司会索要一大笔的资金”，可推测此处应填入副词extremely，意为“相当地，非常地”。

9.D　空格前为名词所有格，故空处应填一个名词。根据上下文：……因为保险公司会索要一大笔的资金，基于养老金计划的______在很大程度上被投资于……。由此推测应为“养老金计划的资金”，故assets合适。

10.A　分析句子结构，空处应填副词，修饰形容词similar。“相似的”往往用apparently“近乎；表面上”来修饰。

Passage Seven

文章精要

文章就当今社会存在的邻里之间缺乏沟通的问题展开讨论，同时也给出了解决这一问题的方法：要敞开心扉，不要时刻怀疑你的邻居，简单的交谈就能帮助人们彼此接近。

答案解析

1.C　空格前为冠词，判断此处应填一个名词。分析给出的名词，结合文意，只有helmet合适，意指“不带头盔骑自行车”。

2.M　空格前的less friendly and more暗示，空格后要填与friendly含义相对的形容词。结合选项，形容词中只有suspicious合适，意为“多疑的”。

3.E　分析句子结构，空处为分句的主语，且应为单数名词。根据上下文：没有比保护你的家人更重要的事情了，但是______并不意味着保护。结合上一段提到的“我们不再去见我们的邻居”可知这是一种孤立的状态，填入isolation合适，且和protection构成押韵，isolation意为“孤立”。

4.A　分析句子结构，______with your neighbors为句子主语，判断此处应填动词现在分词。connect with构成短语，意为“和……交流”，故Connecting符合题意。

5.B　分析空格所在分句的结构，分句不缺成分，故判断此处应填一个副词，修饰后面的形容词positive和helpful。选项中的副词surprisingly意为“惊人地，出人意外地”，符合题意。

6.G　空格前为冠词，空格后为介词of，判断此处应填一个名词。根据上下文：你能写出家家户户______的名字吗？包括孩子、宠物以及双亲的名字？由此可知需填入一个表示所有住户的总称的词，而occupants意为“居住者”，符合题意。

7.O　分析句子结构，此处缺少副词。分析选项中的副词，只有exactly最合适，意为“完全地”。

8.K　分析句子结构，______the true reason for your visit作整个句子的主语，故此处应填动词的现在分词。选项中的动词的现在分词只剩下Sharing，意为“分享”。

9.I　空格前是should，空处应该填动词原形。结合上下文语境：……会______任何的不信任。填入dispel合适，意为“驱除”，即“驱除”不信任感。

10.J　由be...by结构判断，空处应该填动词的过去分词。各选项中动词的过去分词只有thrilled。此处意为：你的邻居会因为你的友好而感到兴奋，be thrilled by意为“因……感到兴奋”。

Passage Eight

文章精要

本文从文化、心理等方面分析了小费产生的原因，同时也指出小费的存在并不能够真正地提高服务质量。

答案解析

1.N　分析句子结构，acting______作后置定语，修饰Consumers，故空处应填副词，修饰acting。此句意为：______消费的消费者不应该为他们得到的服务多付钱。分析给出的副词选项，rationally最合适，意为“合理地”。

2.L　分析句子结构，表语从句的主语是tips，谓语是both______and reduce，故判断空处应填动词原形。根据句意：小费既是对良好服务的______，也能够减少令人不舒服的不平等的感觉，结合选项中的动词，只有reward最合适，意为“奖励，奖赏”。

3.B　分析句子结构，Such______作主语，explain作谓语，故空处应填复数名词。此处意为：这种______毫无疑问解释了小费的所谓的起源。由Such一词可推测此处指的是上文的说法，分析给出的名词选项，explanations填入合适，意为“说明；解释”，且与谓语动词explain呼应。

4.A　空格前的冠词暗示此处应填一个名词。空格后引号内是一个短语，意为“确保快捷”，故选phrase。

5.G　空格前的系动词become暗示此处应填一个形容词。此处意为：在美国，给小费的习俗已经成为______，结合选项，institutionalized意为“成为惯例的”，符合文意。

6.E　空格后为名词，分析此处应填一个形容词，修饰tipping。此句意为：在欧洲，给小费的现象更少见；在很多餐厅，______小费被一种标准的服务费代替。只有形容词casual符合题意，意为“非正式的”，与空后的standard相对应。

7.I　Look no further than后面应填名词。根据上下文：如何解释各个国家之间的差别？从______的角度来看一下吧。接着文章介绍说，在一些民众性格比较外向、爱好交际或容易激动的国家，小费往往给得更多，而性格内向的冰岛人则没有给小费的习惯。由此可知该段是从人的性格角度分析各个国家在给小费上的不同，而性格可以归结到心理学的角度，故此处应填psychology。

8.O　分析句子结构，此处缺少谓语动词，且应填动词的第三人称单数形式。空格处所在句子的上一句提到“在性格外向、好交际或容易激动的人所在的国家，人们往往给的小费较多”，接着本句提到“小费______被陌生人服务的焦虑。”此处应表示“减轻焦虑”，故此处填relieves。

9.C　分析句子结构，句子是个倒装结构，主谓宾成分完整，故需填一个副词。分析给出的副词，只有actually“事实上”符合文意。

10.K　空格前为不定式符号to，空格后为连词and和动词assess，分析此处应填一个和assess含义相近的动词。根据上下文：在餐馆里，给小费既不能真正地鼓励服务生，也不能帮助经理对员工的工作进行______和评估。动词选项中monitor最合适，意为“监督”。

Passage Nine

文章精要

文章描述了移动办公室的一系列好处，如：方便、处理及时等。在文章的最后一段，作者也提出了移动办公室一些有待解决的问题，如电池电力不足等。

答案解析

1.L　分析句子结构，本句的主语是mobile interconnection platform, Integrating...,and______...是分词短语作状语，判断此处应填一个动词的现在分词。选项中现在分词有providing“提供”和accommodating“使适应”，此处意为：为无线互联______强大的应用支持能力，显然“提供”符合题意。

2.C　空格前为动词不定式符号to，故此处应填一个动词原形。纵观各动词原形选项，accomplish表示“完成，实现”，符合文意。

3.O　空格前为动词不定式符号to，故此处应填一个动词原形。分析原文此处应为“参加会议”，故attend符合文意。

4.A　空格所在句主谓宾都不缺，故此处应填一个副词，修饰make prompt reaction。分析选项中的副词，只有timely最合适。

5.G　空格前为are...carrying，空格后为名词，分析此处应填一个形容词，修饰documents。此处意为：……你既没有在办公室，也没有带______文件，你能做什么？结合语境，很容易分析出应是“相关的文件”，故答案为relevant。

6.E　空格前为形容词性物主代词，分析此处应填一个名词。此处意为：客户会因为你的______而不高兴和失望，结合选项中的名词，只有delay符合文意。

7.I　空格前为代词this，分析此处应填一个单数名词。上句提到：事实上，当你不在办公室的时候，你经常需要检查、回复、分发、展示、修改或者阅读一些文件，你必须摆脱这种______。根据语境推测此处应填入表示“困境”的词，故dilemma符合题意，意为“两难的境地”。

8.F　分析句子结构，空格处需填入副词，修饰handle。剩余副词选项中只剩下normally。

9.B　分析句子结构，此处结构为mobile office even can be______via one mobile phone with data communications function，空处显然是谓语动词，应为过去分词。根据句意：移动办公甚至可以通过一部装有数据交流功能的手机来______，空处要填表示“完成，实现”的词，故realized符合题意。

10.M　空格前是some，空格后是aspects，故空格处应填入一个形容词，来修饰aspects。空格所在句是由but连接的两个分句，前后意思出现了转折。前面说移动办公给人们带来了便利，后面肯定是说移动办公的不利方面。故空格处应填入unsatisfactory，表示“令人不满意的”。

Passage Ten

文章精要

文章说明了网络艺术与后现代主义之间的关系。网络艺术能够迅速得到大家的认可和支持要归功于后现代主义，因为网络艺术符合后现代主义所倡导的用意念来表达物体的“概念艺术”。同时，网络艺术肯定了后现代主义的一些特性，如：无限重复创造性、互动性等。

答案解析

1.G　空格前为定冠词，空格后为介词，分析此处应填一个名词。根据句意：随着互联网的______，信息技术使艺术家研究新的艺术形式，结合选项，此处表达“随着互联网的出现”，advent最合适，意为“出现”。

2.C　分析句子结构，almost作状语，修饰receive，故空处应填副词。文章提到：网络艺术在上世纪九十年代中期出现，几乎______得到认可……，分析选项中的副词只有immediately符合文意，表示“立刻”。

3.O　and连接两个并列的词，此处应填一个和support含义相近的名词。根据上下文：网络艺术出现在上世纪90年代中期，几乎立刻被人们接受，它得到了很多来自博物馆、基金会和其他传统机构的支持和______。分析给出的名词，encouragement最合适，意为“鼓励”。

4.A　空格前出现了can be，分析此处应填动词的过去分词。此处意为：如此新兴的艺术形式享有的接受和支持肯定要______我们总体的文化。所给动词的过去分词中只有attributed能和to搭配，表示“归因于；归功于”。

5.D　空格前为不定冠词，空格后为名词，分析此处应填一个形容词。空格处所在句解释了“概念艺术”的定义：揭示艺术从客观事物到想法的转变，因此空格处所填的词应能修饰object，tangible意为“有形的”，符合文意。

6.I　空格前为连词，空格后为介词，分析此处应填一个和ideas含义相近的名词。剩余选项中，名词还剩下canons，意为“教规；准则，原则；标准”。

7.F　空格前出现了连词and，分析句子结构可知此处应填一个动词，与前面的interrogate并列。分析语境，此处需填入表示“改变”或者“超越”的动词，故动词transcend符合题意，意为“超越”。

8.K　分析句子结构，空处所在句主谓宾不缺，故此处要填一个副词，修饰encompass。分析选项中的副词，只有concisely符合文意，意为“简明地”。

9.H　分析句子结构，______to为句子的谓语，故此处应填一个动词。根据上下文：诸如无限重复创造性、互动性、非物质性以及编码语言等网络媒介的一些特点______了后现代主义所关注的内容。动词contribute和介词to构成固定搭配，意为“促成；有助于”，符合文意。

10.J　空格前为冠词，空格后为介词between，分析此处应填一个名词。根据上下文，此处是在对比后现代主义理论和纯粹的艺术形式。由此可知空格处填入parallel最合适，意为“对比；比较”。