Word List 28
supply/ səˋplaI / n. 供给;供应品 v. 供给,提供
[记] 词根记忆:sup+ply(重叠)→重复给出物品→供给
[考] supply sth. to sb.(=supply sb. with sth.) 为某人提供某物: We supply raw materials to many factories. 我们为很多工厂提供原材料。
辨:supply, provide, offer
三个单词都有“提供”的意思,但supply常侧重于大量、持续以及补充的意味,如: Our task is to supply vegetables all the year round. 我们的任务是全年供应蔬菜。而provide侧重于提前做好准备以提供给需要者的意味,如: The big market provides live fish from all parts of the country. 这个大市场供应来自全国各地的活鱼。offer虽然常翻译成“提供”,但实际是询问别人是否想要什么东西,如: He offered me a cigarette. I shook my head. 他敬我一支烟,我摇头拒绝了。
deserve/ dIˋzɜːv / vt. 应受,值得
[记] 联想记忆:de+serve(服务) →提供了服务的人应该得到相应的待遇→应受
[例] The naughty child deserved the punishment. 这个淘气的孩子应该受到惩罚。
battle/ ˋbætl / n. 战斗;战役
[记] 联想记忆: Prince of Persia: The Sands of Time 《波斯王子: 时之沙》——一瓶(bottle)沙子引发的战争(battle)
[例] The slaves were willing to fight a battle for liberty. 奴隶们愿意为自由而战。
辨:battle, war, campaign
battle指的是一场战斗或战争中的某次具体的战役;war则指的是包括一系列战役在内的整个战争过程;campaign也有“战役”的意思,规模和持续时间介于battle和war之间。
absolute/ ˋæbsəluːt / adj. 完全的,绝对的
[记] 词根记忆:ab(表加强)+solut(松开)+e→放开思想去接受→完全的
[例] The Prime Minister had absolute control of his cabinet. 首相对他的内阁有绝对的控制权。
smell/ smel / vt.(smelled/smelt, smelled/smelt, smelling) 嗅,闻 vi. 有臭气 link.v. 闻起来 n. 气味
[用] 1. smell+adj. 闻起来…: The flower smells sweet. 这种花闻起来又香又甜。2. smell as if+从句: 闻起来好像…: The house smells as if it hasn't been lived in for years. 房子里的味道闻起来让人感觉这里很多年没人住了。3. 不带表语和状语,常指有难闻气味: This meat is beginning to smell. 这肉有味儿了。
decline/ dIˋklaIn / v. 下降;衰败;倾斜;谢绝
[记] 词根记忆:de(向下)+cline(倾斜)→向下倾斜→下降;衰败
[例] The quality of the restaurant's food declined over the years. 这家饭店饭菜的质量近年来有所下降。
everyone/ ˋevriwʌn / pron. 每人,人人
[例] Everyone has duties to protect his/her motherland. 保卫祖国,人人有责。
provide/ prəˋvaId / v. 提供
[记] 词根记忆:pro(支持)+vide(看)→看到别人有困难,主动提供支持→提供
[用] provide sb. with sth.(=provide sth. for sb.) 为某人提供某物: We'll provide you with a room of your own. 我们将为你提供一间属于你自己的房间。
[参] provision(n. 提供;供给)
district/ ˋdIstrIkt / n. 区,地区
[例] the district sports meet 地区运动会
profit/ ˋprɒfIt / n. 利润,益处 v. 赢利,获益于
[例] Your company can profit in several years by using our plan. 采用我们的计划可以让你们公司在几年内赢利。
[参] profitable(adj. 有利可图的);nonprofit(adj. 非营利的,无利可图的)
moment/ ˋməʊmənt / n. [C] 片刻,瞬间,刹那
[记] 联想记忆: 韩国人气组合Super Junior的一首歌Endless Moment
[用] 词组the moment...表示“一…就”,引导时间状语从句。比如: The moment I came in the classroom, the bell rang. 我刚走进教室,铃就响了。
[例] There're some full⁃time jobs in our company at the moment. 目前我们公司有一些全职工作。
worthy/ ˋwɜːði / adj. 值得的;相称的
[例] The place is worthy of a visit. 这地方值得参观。// a worthy name of the city 与这个城市相称的名字
adapt/ əˋdæpt / v.(使)适应;改编
[记] 词根记忆:ad+apt(适当的)→使适合→(使)适应
[考] adapt to... 适应…: Many plants and animals have adapted to life in the desert. 许多动植物已经适应了在沙漠里生存。
shortcoming/ ˋʃɔːtkʌmIŋ / n. [C] 缺点,短处
[例] Parents are aware of their children's shortcomings very clearly. 父母对自己孩子的缺点很清楚。
[参] disadvantage(n. 不利,缺点)
辨:shortcoming, defect, error
shortcoming表示“缺点,短处”,主要指某方面的不足或欠缺;defect意为“欠缺,缺陷”,主要指由不完善而引起的不足;error表示“错误,失误”,尤指导致了问题或者对结果产生影响的错误。
plain/ pleIn / adj. 平常的,普通的;明白的 n. 草原
[记] 联想记忆: 生活中,疼痛(pain) 在所难免,再平常(plain) 不过
[例] Bob likes plain home cooking. 鲍勃喜欢吃家常便饭。// plain lan⁃guage 平实的语言
[参] plainly(adv. 平坦地;明白地)
speed/ spiːd / v.(speeded/sped, speeded/sped, speeding)(使) 加速 n. 速度
[考] 1. high speed 高速 2. speed up 加速
stand/ stænd / vi.(stood, stood, standing) 站立 vt. 承担,忍受 n. 站;台
[例] Modern plastics can stand very high and very low temperatures. 现代塑胶可以经受极度高温和低温。// a self⁃checkout stand 自助结账台
[考] 1. stand up 起立 2. stand for 代表
must/ mʌst / modal v. 必须,应当;肯定(表示推测)
[用] 1. must 用来表推测时只可用于肯定句,推测现在用must+do/be, 推测过去用must+have+done/been: He looks strange today. Something must have happened to him. 他今天看起来有点奇怪,肯定是出了什么事儿。2. 在回答由must引起的问题时,否定的答复常用needn't或don't have to, 而不用must not。
辨:must, have to
have to比较强调客观需要,而must着重说明主观看法,如: I must tidy up the room. 我必须把屋子打扫干净。(主观想法);I have to tidy up the room. 我不得不把屋子打扫干净。(客观需要)
aspect/ ˋæspekt / n. 方面;外表
[记] 词根记忆:a(表加强)+spect(看)→仔细看一个东西的外表→外表
[例] The students try to look at all aspects of the situation. 学生们试着全面看待这种情况。
skip/ skIp / vi.(skipped, skipped, skipping) 跳过;跳读
[例] A newspaper reader can select what he is interested in and skip what he thinks is boring. 读报人可以选择他感兴趣的部分来阅读而略过他认为无聊的部分。
than/ ðæn / conj. 比
[例] He could run much faster than I could. 他跑得比我快多了。
[考] 1. more than 多于,不仅仅 2. no more than 只是,仅仅 3. not more than 不超过,不如…多 4. rather than 胜于 5. other than 除了,不同于
shut/ ʃʌt / n./vt.(shut, shut, shutting) 关闭 adj. 关闭的
[例] John shut everybody out of the kitchen. 约翰把所有的人都关在厨房外面。
[考] 1. shut down 关闭,倒闭 2. shut off 关掉,切断 3. shut up 住口 4. shut sth. up 关上某物
difficult/ ˋdIfIkəlt / adj. 难的;艰难的;不易相处的
[例] I find it difficult to learn a foreign language very well. 我觉得学好一门外语很难。
live/ lIv / vi. 生活,居住 vt. 过着,经历 adj. 活的;直播的
[例] Although Lucy is 26 now, she still lives with her parents. 尽管露西已经26岁了,但她还和父母住在一起。
[考] 1. lead/live a... life 过着…的生活 2. live on...以…为生 3. live off 靠…生活
worn/ wɔːn / adj.(经使用或穿戴)破烂的,损坏的
[记] 联想记忆: 追求返璞归真成为时尚,要穿破损的(worn)衣服;要吃五谷杂粮,比如玉米(corn)
[例] The old pair of worn jeans has been thrown away. 那条破旧的牛仔裤已经被扔掉了。
positive/ ˋpɒzətIv / adj. 积极的;肯定的
[记] 词根记忆:posit(放,放置)+ive(…的)→放在心上的→积极的
[例] Try to be positive about your future. 试着对你的未来乐观一些。// Are you positive that it was Maria you saw? 你确定看到的是玛丽亚吗?
[参] positively(adv. 肯定地)
success/ səkˋses / n. 成功,成就;成功的人(或事)
[用] success表示抽象意义的“成功”时是不可数名词,表示具体意义的“成功者或成功的事”时则是可数的,如: The man is a great success in business. 这个人在事业上很成功。
[例] The secret of success is working hard and trying to catch the opportunity. 成功的秘诀是努力工作并试着抓住机会。
serious/ ˋsIəriəs / adj. 严肃的,严重的;认真的
[例] As we all know, a serious man does his job better than a careless one. 众所周知,认真的人比粗心的人工作做得好。
[参] seriously(adv. 严肃地,认真地)
辨:serious, earnest
serious是“严肃的,认真的”,表示对待事物小心、谨慎;earnest则是“认真的,真诚的”,表示对事物真诚、热情。
damp/ dæmp / adj. 潮湿的n. 潮湿
[例] It's so damp and cold outside that it might be going to rain. 外面又湿又冷,可能要下雨了。
more/ mɔː /(much/many的比较级)adj. 更多的 adv. 更 pron. 更多的…;另外的…
[用] 1. more作副词,除了与至少有两个音节的形容词或副词构成比较级外,还可以修饰动词: I couldn't agree with you more. 我非常赞同你的意见。2. more作代词,可以和many, much, some, any, no, a few, a little等词以及数词连用: I couldn't eat any more. 我再也吃不下了。// I'll take three more. 我再要三个。
[例] I need one more stamp before my collection is completed. 我还需要一枚邮票才能完成我的收集。
[考] 1. more or less 或多或少,大体上 2. more than 多于,超过 3. no more than 不过,仅仅,和…一样都不 4. not more than 至多;不比…更… 5. what's more 而且,此外,更有甚者 6. more and more 越来越 7. the more...,the more... 越…,越… 8. once more 再一次 9. no more = not... any more 不再
辨:no more than, not more than
二者在数量上进行比较的时候,no more than=only是“仅仅,只有”的意思,如: There are no more than 8 chairs in the room. 屋子里只有8把椅子。而not more than=the most是“最多,不超过”的意思,如: There are not more than 8 chairs in the room. 屋子里最多有8把椅子。二者在程度上进行比较的时候,no more than是“两者都不”的意思,如: A is no more important than B. A和B都不重要。 而not more than是“比不上,不及”的意思,如: A is not more important than B. A没有B重要。
e⁃mail/ ˋiːmeIl / n. 电子邮件 vt. 给…发电子邮件
[记] 发音记忆: “伊妹儿”→给漂亮妹妹发电子邮件→电子邮件
[例] Nowadays, people usually prefer sending an e⁃mail to writing a letter. 与写信相比,现在的人们通常更喜欢发电子邮件。
seek/ siːk / v.(sought, sought, seeking) 试图;寻找,寻求
[记] 联想记忆:see(看) +k→更深入地看→寻找
[例] He sought to make peace. 他企图讲和。// Most men seek wealth; all men seek happiness. 大多数人寻求财富,所有人都追求幸福。
cash/ kæʃ / n. 现金,现钞 vt. 兑现
[例] He said he was out of cash. 他说他没有现金了。
[参] cashier(n. 出纳员)
flight/ flaIt / n. 飞行;航班;楼梯的一段
[记] 联想记忆:f+light(轻的) →身体轻飘飘的,飞了起来→飞行
[例] Flight Number 152 to Beijing is ready to leave. 飞往北京的152次航班即将起飞。// a flight of stairs 一段楼梯
catch/ kætʃ / vt.(caught, caught, catching) 接住;捉住;赶上;染上(疾病)
[例] catch the criminal 抓住罪犯 // catch one's plane 赶上飞机
[考] 1. catch on 受欢迎: Animals here seem to be catching on. 动物们在这看起来是受欢迎的。2. catch up with 赶上 3. catch sight of 看到 4. catch fire 着火 5. catch(a) cold 感冒
selfish/ ˋselfIʃ / adj. 自私的
[记] 联想记忆:sel(l)(卖)+ fish(鱼)→卖鱼缺斤短两的人→自私的
[例] Wendy is such a selfish person that she leaves all the work to others. 温迪如此自私,竟然把所有的工作都留给了别人。
eastern/ ˋiːstən / adj. 东方的,东部的
[例] Eastern and Western Europeans 东欧人和西欧人
absorb/ əbˋzɔːb /vt. 吸收;吸引
[记] 词根记忆:ab(表加强)+sorb(吸收)→吸收
[用] be absorbed in doing sth.专心做某事: He is absorbed in reading. 他在全神贯注地读书。
[例] I used a sponge to absorb the spilled milk. 我用海绵吸干了溢出来的牛奶。
单元自测题
1. The good thing about children is that they ______ very easily to new environments.(2009浙江)
A. adapt
B. appeal
C. attach
D. apply
2. The school's music group will give a big show tomorrow night and two ______ on the weekend.(2007安徽)
A. more
B. other
C. else
D. another
3. My parents ______ in Hong Kong. They were born there and have never lived any⁃where else.(2009天津)
A. live
B. lived
C. were living
D. will live
4. — Shall we go out for a walk?
— Sorry. This is not the right ______ to invite me. I am too tired to walk.(2008江西)
A. moment
B. situation
C. place
D. chance
5. — Good morning. I've got an appointment with Miss Smith in the Personnel Department.
— Ah, good morning. You ______ be Mrs. Peters.(2010北京)
A. might
B. must
C. would
D. can
6. Which country helps to ______ food ______ England?
A. provide; for
B. provide; in
C. provide; to
D. provide; on
7. John opened the door. There ______ he had never seen before.(2010陕西)
A. a girl did stand
B. a girl stood
C. did a girl stand
D. stood a girl
8. It took ______ building supplies to construct these energy⁃saving houses. It took brains, too.(2009浙江)
A. other than
B. more than
C. rather than
D. less than
9. Jenny was looking for a seat when, luckily, a man ______ and left.(2010四川)
A. took up
B. got up
C. shut up
D. set up
10. We ______ the last bus and didn't have any money for taxi, so we had to walk home.(2006全国1卷)
A. reached
B. lost
C. missed
D. caught
11. Johnny, you ______ play with the knife, you ______ hurt yourself.
A. won't; can't
B. mustn't; may
C. shouldn't; must
D. can't; shouldn't
12. — Are you happy with your new computer?
— No, it is ______ me a lot of trouble.(2008安徽)
A. showing
B. leaving
C. giving
D. sparing
13. If parents have children help with housework, the children will feel needed. ______ ,they will learn to take care of themselves.(2013安徽)
A. On the contrary
B. In a word
C. That is to say
D. What's more
14. The discovery of gold in Australia led thousands to believe that a fortune ______.(2010全国1卷)
A. is made
B. would make
C. was to be made
D. had made
15. We ______ her to join us, but she refused.
A. persuaded
B. made
C. insisted
D. invited
答案:AAAAB ADBBC BCDCD
The man who has made up his mind to win will never say “impossible”.
凡是决心取得胜利的人是从来不说“不可能的”。
——法国皇帝 拿破仑(Bonaparte Napoleon, French emperor)