22 arise from; arise out of; come from; come of; flow from; grow from; grow out of; result from

● 以上词组都属动介型。它们后面常接名词，这些名词与定语常有因果关系，翻译时常译为“产生于” “起因于”，它们常不用被动语态。

● arise from; arise out of两者含义与用法基本相同，常可互换。如：The dispute arose from the lack of communication between the two parties.（这一争执是由于双方缺乏沟通引起的。）We are not responsible for delay arising from the bad weather.（对由于天气不好而导致的延误我们不负责任。）He has been losing belly for three days. His illness arose from eating too much. （三天来他一直闹肚子，他的病因是吃得太多。）Accidents arise from carelessness.（事故是粗心大意造成的。）Difficulties arose out of the severe situation.（严峻的形势造成了这些困难。）

● come from一般译为“产生于” “来自”。如：Ambergris comes from the whale.（龙涎香取自鲸鱼。）The money that the Federal Government uses mostly from taxes.（联邦政府所用的资金大部分来源于税收。）Many English words come from French.（许多英文单词来自法文。）Where’s that noise coming from?那噪音是从哪儿来的？

● 有时可将come from的from置于句首，句子倒装起强调作用。如：From this area come most of our best grapes.（我们最好的葡萄大部分产于这个地区。）

● come of与come from的含义与用法基本相同，常可互换。如：She comes of [from] a peasant family.（她出身于农民家庭。）The Mayor comes of [from] a family well known for its record of public service.（那位市长出身于一个以热心为公共事业服务而著称的家庭。）That’s what comes from trying to help people?（这就是帮人忙的结果？）These race-horses come of excellent stock.（这些赛马全是优良品种。）

● flow from表示“产生于”“来自于”，常与come from换用，但come from较常用。如：The tears flowed from her eyes.（泪水从她的眼中流出来。）This result may flow from several causes.（这个结果可能起因于多方面。）It is self-evident that wealth flows [comes] from industry and economy.（不言而喻，勤俭致富。）From the court’s decision these consequences must surely flow.（法庭的判决势必会造成这些后果。）

● 与come from一样，有时将from提到句首以示强调，例见上。

● grow from和grow out of作“产生于”之义也常互换。如：The quarrel between them grew out of their mutual misunderstanding.（他俩的争吵是因为互相误解而产生的。）His interest in singing grew from listening to pop songs frequently.（他对唱歌的兴趣源于常听流行歌曲。）His troubles grow out of his ill temper.（他的麻烦完全是由于他脾气不好引起的。）What’s this strange thing growing out of the ground?（从地里长出的那怪物是什么东西？）

● result from的主语指结果，宾语指原因。如：Many advantages result from the use of energy from the sun.（使用太阳能好处多。）His failure in the recent examination resulted from his inadequate preparation.（他的最近考试失败是由于准备不够充分造成的。）To be sure, a compound results from the chemical union of two or more elements.（毫无疑问，化合物是由两种或两种以上的元素化合而成。）Nothing has resulted from my effort.（我的努力成了泡影。）