Word List 1

abdicate [ˈæbdɪkeɪt]

v.放弃，丢弃(to discard)

记  词根记忆：ab(离去) + dic(说话，命令) + ate(做) →被命令离去→放弃

例  A democratic government should not abdicate its responsibilities as a guardian of the public interest.

abnormal [æbˈnɔːrml]

a.反常的(unusual, exceptional)

记  词根记忆：ab(离去) + norm(标准) + al →脱离标准的→反常的

例  It is the periodic abnormal warming of the sea surface off Peru.

同根词：norm(n.标准，规范); normal(a.正常的，正规的)

abolish [əˈbɑːlɪʃ]

v.取消，废除(to end the observance or effect of)

记  该词来自拉丁文abolere，表示“破坏；使灭绝；阻止，妨碍”

例  The committee abolished all entry requirements.

派  abolition(n.废除); abolitionist(n.废奴主义者)

absenteeism [ˌæbsənˈtiːɪzəm]

n.旷工，旷课(chronic absence, as from work or school)

记  词根记忆：absent(缺席) + ee(人) + ism →旷课，旷工

例  Acorn Valley reports few instances of tardiness, absenteeism, or discipline problems.

absorb [əbˈzɔːrb]

v.吸收(to suck up or take up)；同化(to take in and make part of an existent whole)

记  词根记忆：ab(离去) + sorb(吸收) →吸收掉→吸收

例  A plant absorbs and stores nickel from the soil as it grows. // It is difficult to absorb them into a city economy.

abstract [ˈæbstrækt]

a.抽象的(difficult to understand)；n.摘要(summary)

记  词根记忆：abs + tract(拉) →将大意从文章中拉出→摘要

例  Professor Brown's books are very abstract and are hard to read. // You can tell if a paper is worthwhile by reading its abstract.

派  abstracted(a.心不在焉的); extract(v.摘取，抽出)

同根词：intractable(a.难处理的); contract(n.合同)

absurd [əbˈsɜːrd]

a.荒唐的(ridiculously unreasonable)

记  词根记忆：ab + surd(不合理的) →不合理的→荒唐的

例  The opponents' reasoning leads to an absurd conclusion.

派  absurdity(n.荒谬)

abundant [əˈbʌndənt]

a.大量的，丰富的；富裕的；多的(plentiful)

记  联想记忆：a(无) + bund(看作bound边界) + ant(…的) →多得没边的→大量的

例  Japan's abundant rainfall and typically mild temperature have produced a lush vegetation cover.

派  abundance(n.大量；充足)

academic [ˌækəˈdemɪk]

a.学院的；学术的(of schools, colleges)；n.学者(teacher at a university, college; professional scholar)

例  Nova High School began to use interactive computer instruction in three academic subjects.

派  academician(n.院士；学会会员); nonacademic(a.非学术的)

accelerate [əkˈseləreɪt]

v.加速，促进(to hasten the progress or development of)

记  词根记忆：ac(加强) + celer(速度) + ate →加快速度→促进

例  Government spending accelerates the pace of inflation. // The introduction of Western ideas to Korean society accelerated after 1977.

派  acceleration(n.加速); accelerator(n.加速器)

同根词：celerity(n.迅速); decelerate(v.减速)

access [ˈækses]

n.通路；接近(或进入)的权利(permission or liberty to enter or approach)；途径(a way or means of approaching or entering)；v.进入(to get at)

记  词根记忆：ac + cess(走) →走过去→接近

例  Secret passwords are often used to control access to computers.

派  accessible(a.可进入的); accessibility(n.易接近，可到达)

同根词：procession(n.行列，队伍)

accessible [əkˈsesəbl]

a.易达到的(easy to approach)；易受影响的(open to the influence of)

记  来自access(v.使用；接近；n.使用权)

例  No other food available to the birds on Delaware's beaches is as nutritious and accessible as crab eggs.

派  accessibly(ad.可亲近地；可得到地)

同根词：inaccessible(a.不可及的)

acclaim [əˈkleɪm]

v.欢呼；称赞(to greet with loud applause; hail)；n.欢呼(praise)；称赞 (applause)

记  词根记忆：ac(加强) + claim(叫喊) →不断大叫→向…欢呼，为…喝彩

例  Like the Scandinavians' long refusal to recognize Edvard Grieg, the Italians' disregard for Verdi persisted for a decade after his critical acclaim in France and Austria.

同根词：exclaim(v.呼喊，喊出来)

accommodate [əˈkɑːmədeɪt]

v.供给(某人)住宿(to provide sb. with lodgings)；使适应(to adapt)

记  联想记忆：ac + commod(方便) + ate →给人方便→供给住宿

例  Boardinghouses were built to accommodate the Issei(第一代移居北美的日本人). // We will be better able to accommodate the busy schedules of our customers.

派  accommodation(n.适应；调和); accommodationist(n.妥协者)

accompaniment [əˈkʌmpənimənt]

n.伴奏(a musical part played to support a solo instrument or voice or a choir)

记  来自accompany(v.伴奏)

例  musical accompaniment音乐伴奏

accomplish [əˈkɑːmplɪʃ]

v.完成，做成功(to succeed in doing sth.)

记  词根记忆：ac + compl(满) + ish →圆满→完成

例  One plan to accomplish this is to establish giant floating seaweed farms in the oceans.

派  accomplishment(n.成就；完成)

accord [əˈkɔːrd]

v.同意(to agree, to grant)；一致(to be consistent or in harmony)；n.协议(agreement)

记  词根记忆：ac + cord(心) →心心相印→一致

例  These results accord closely with our predictions.

派  accordance(n.一致，符合)

同根词：accordion(n.手风琴)

accordingly [əˈkɔːrdɪŋli]

ad.因此(therefore, consequently)；相应地(correspondingly)

例  The speech was very funny. Accordingly, the audience laughed loudly. // Cable-television subscribers can choose which channels they wish to receive, and the fees vary accordingly.

accountant [əˈkaʊntənt]

n.会计人员，会计师(person whose profession is to keep financial accounts)

记  词根记忆：account(账目) + ant(人) →管理账目的人→会计师

例  An accountant's unconditional guarantee of satisfaction leads clients to believe that tax returns prepared by the accountant are certain to be accurate.

accounting [əˈkaʊntɪŋ]

n.会计，会计学(the occupation of maintaining and auditing records and preparing financial reports for a business)；账单(work done in accounting or by accountants)

记  来自account(v.认为；解释；n.账户，账目)

例  He believed that the standardized accounting procedures would prove to be both inexpensive and reliable indicators of economic performance.

accretion [əˈkriːʃn]

n.增长(the process of growth or enlargement by a gradual build-up)；增加物(added matter or thing formed by the addition of such matter)

记  词根记忆：ac + cret(增加) + ion →增长

例  accretion disks吸积盘// This continuous process of accretion and succession would be interrupted only by hurricanes or storm flushings.

accrue [əˈkruː]

v.自然增长，自然产生(to come about as a natural growth, increase, or advantage)

记  词根记忆：ac + crue(增加) →自然增长，自然产生

例  The benefits would accrue to the individual, while the costs would be spread among all users.

派  accrual(n.获利；自然增长)

accumulate [əˈkjuːmjəleɪt]

v.积累(to gather or pile up)；堆积(to amass)

记  词根记忆：ac(不断) + cumul(堆积) + ate(使) →使不断堆积起来→积累

例  Recyclable trash that is allowed to accumulate for two weeks will attract rodents(啮齿动物).

派  accumulation(n.集聚；积累)

accuracy [ˈækjərəsi]

n.准确(性)，精确(性)(exactness)

记  词根记忆：ac(加强) + cur(注意) + acy(表性质) →十分注意→准确

例  The accuracy of animals' memories is difficult to determine through direct experimentation.

派  inaccuracy(n.误差，错误)

accurate [ˈækjərət]

a.正确的(correct)；精确的(exact)

例  Sailors needed highly accurate timepieces in order to compute their longitude.

派  inaccurate(a.不准确的); accurately(ad.正确地；精确地)

accustomed [əˈkʌstəmd]

a. (to)习惯的，适应的(adapted to existing conditions)

记  词根记忆：ac + custom(习惯，习俗) + ed →习惯的

例  The recent immigrants have not yet become accustomed to American food.

acidity [əˈsɪdəti]

n.酸度，酸性(the quality, state, or degree of being acid)

记  词根记忆：acid(酸) + ity(名词后缀) →酸度

例  The quality of unrefined olive oil is not actually defined in terms of acidity, yet extensive tests have shown that the less free oleic acid an unrefined olive oil contains per liter, the higher its quality.

acknowledge [əkˈnɑːlɪdʒ]

v.承认(to recognize as genuine or valid)；致谢(to express gratitude)

记  联想记忆：ac + knowledge(知道) →人人都知道，不得不承认→承认

例  Women's oral histories acknowledge the influence of well-known women.

派  acknowledgement(n.承认；感谢)

acoustic [əˈkuːstɪk]

a.听觉的，有关声音的(having to do with hearing or sound)

例  The use of acoustic alarms increases the number of commercial fish caught by the fishing company's boats.

派  acoustics(n.声学)

acoustical [əˈkuːstɪkl]

a.声学的，听觉的(of or relating to the sense or organs of hearing, to sound, or to the science of sounds)

记  来自acoustic(a.声学的；音响的)

例  The male whistling moths of Nambung, Australia, call female moths to them by the use of acoustical signals.

派  acoustically(ad.听觉上；声学上)

acquiesce [ˌækwi ˈes]

v.勉强同意，默许(to agree or consent quietly without protest; consent)

例  Where once the union had acquiesced to the prejudices of its English-speaking members by supporting the imposition of an alien tax on immigrant workers, after 1897 the United Mine Workers made a determined effort to enlist Italians and Slavs in its ranks.

派  acquiescence(n.默许)

acquire [əˈkwaɪər]

v.取得，获得(to come into possession or control of)

记  词根记忆：ac + quire(追求) →不断追求→获得

例  The United States acquired sovereignty over New Mexico in 1848.

派  acquisition(n.获得；采购)

acquisition [ˌækwɪ ˈzɪʃn]

n.获得物(something or someone acquired or gained)

记  来自acquire(v.获得)

例  One example of social learning is the acquisition of preferences for novel foods.

同根词：acquisitive(a.贪得的；想获得的)

acreage [ˈeɪkərɪdʒ]

n.英亩数(area in acres)

记  来自acre(n.英亩)

例  Because of improvements in agricultural technology, the same amount of acreage produces double the number of apples.

activate [ˈæktɪveɪt]

v.使活动，激活(to make sth. active)

记  词根记忆：act(行动) + ivate(使成为) →使动起来→激活

例  Protein synthesis begins when the gene encoding a protein is activated.

派  activation(n.活化，激活)

同根词：active(a.积极的，主动的); activism(n.行动主义，激进主义)

activism [ˈæktɪvɪzəm]

n.行动主义；激进主义(a doctrine or practice that emphasizes direct vigorous action)

记  词根记忆：act(行动) + iv + ism(主义) →行动主义

例  Her activism predated her husband's presidency and her projects differed from his.

同根词：active(a.积极的)

activist [ˈæktɪvɪst]

n.积极分子(one that is active)

记  来自active(a.积极的；主动的)

例  community activist社区积极分子

同根词：activity(n.活跃；活动)

acute [əˈkjuːt]

a.灵敏的(sensitive)；严重的(serious)

记  词根记忆：acu(尖端) + te →尖端的→灵敏的

例  The sense of smell in adult female rats is more acute than that in rat pups. // an acute parking shortage停车位严重不足

同根词：acumen(n.敏锐)

adapt [əˈdæpt]

v. (使)适合，适应(to make sth. fit often by modification)

记  词根记忆：ad + apt(适当的) →使适合

注意：adopt(v.采用；收养)

例  A biocontrol agent may adapt in unpredictable ways, so that it can feed on or otherwise harm new hosts.

派  adaptability(n.适应性); adapted(a.合适的); adaptive(a.适应的)

adaptation [ˌædæpˈteɪʃn]

n.适应(adjustment to environmental conditions)；改编(something that is adapted)

记  来自adapt(v.使适应)

例  The disadvantages of an adaptation to a particular feature of an environment often outweigh the advantages of such an adaptation.

同根词：adaptive(a.适应的；适合的)

adapter [əˈdæptər]

n.适应者(one that adapts)；适配器(an attachment for adapting apparatus for uses not originally intended)

记  来自adapt(v.使适应)

例  It has established itself as a supreme adapter in an era when the ability to adjust to the environmental changes wrought by human beings has created a whole new class of dominant large mammals.

同根词：adaptive(a.适应的)

addict [ˈædɪkt] n.有瘾的人(person who is unable to stop taking drugs, alcohol, etc.)

[əˈdɪkt] v.使上瘾，使入迷(to devote or surrender (oneself) to something habitually or obsessively)

记  词根记忆：ad(加强) + dict(说，要求) →不断要求→使上瘾

例  drug addict吸毒成瘾者// The level of caffeine in the candy bars is enough to keep people addicted.

派  addictive(a.使人上瘾的); addiction(n.上瘾，沉溺)

同根词：dictator(n.独裁者); contradict(v.反驳)

addictive [əˈdɪktɪv]

a.上瘾的(causing or characterized by addiction)

记  来自addict(v.使上瘾，使着迷)

例  The phenomenon of withdrawal has always been the crucial physiological criterion for distinguishing addictive from nonaddictive drugs.

addition [əˈdɪʃn]

n.添加，增加物(a part added)；加法(the act or process of adding)

记  词根记忆：add(加) + ition →加法

例  The addition of another firm has a negligible impact on the intensity of competition.

派  additional(a.附加的，额外的)

同根词：addable(a.可增加的)

additive [ˈædətɪv]

a.附加的(involving addition)；n.添加剂(substance added in small amounts for a special purpose)

记  来自add(v.加)

例  Organic milk is produced without the use of chemical additives.

adept [əˈdept]

a.精通的，内行的(thoroughly proficient)

记  词根记忆：ad + ept(能力) →有能力的→精通的，内行的

例  Even the most adept forgers cannot duplicate all of the characteristics the program analyses.

adhere [ədˈhɪr]

v. (to)粘附(to stick)；遵守，坚持(to give support or remain faithful to)

记  词根记忆：ad(表加强) + her(粘附) + e →粘附

例  adhere to plans遵守计划

派  adherent(n.信徒); adherence(n.粘着；忠诚); adhesiveness(n.粘性)

同根词：inherent(a.与生俱来的)

adherence [ədˈhɪrəns]

n.坚持(the fact of behaving according to a particular rule, etc., or of following a particular set of beliefs, or a fixed way of doing sth.)；依附(the act, action, or quality of adhering)；忠诚(fidelity)

记  词根记忆：adher(坚持；依附) + ence(名词后缀) →依附；坚持

例  It may be easier to reach agreement on a particular course of action through decision-sharing, which will in turn tend to promote adherence to plans.

同根词：adherent(n.追随者；a.附着的)

adjacent [əˈdʒeɪsnt]

a.邻近的，毗连的(adjoining)

记  词根记忆：ad + jacent(躺) →躺在附近→邻近的

例  Two adjacent faces of the solid have areas of 15 and 24 respectively.

adjust [əˈdʒʌst]

v.调节，改变…以适应(to adapt)

记  词根记忆：ad + just(正确) →使正确→调节

例  The data have been adjusted to allow for differences in the ages of patients. // The Japanese government had failed to adjust to the needs of a changing economy.

派  adjustment(n.调节，调整)

同根词：justify(v.证明…为正当)

administer [ədˈmɪnɪstər]

v.管理，执行(to manage or supervise the execution, use, or conduct of)；用药(dispense of apply (a remedy or drug))

记  联想记忆：ad(做) + minis(管理) + ter →管理

例  administer tribal lands管理部落的土地// The nasal spray vaccine is not effective when administered to adults.

派  administration(n.管理；管理部门); administrative(a.管理的，行政的)

admit [ədˈmɪt]

v. (to)承认(to acknowledge)；准许…进入(to allow entry)

记  词根记忆：ad + mit(送) →能送进去→准许…进入

例  In a survey of job applicants, two-fifths admitted to being at least a little dishonest.

派  admittance(n.准入); admission(n.准许进入)

adolescent [ˌædəˈlesnt]

n.青少年(young person between childhood and adulthood)；a.青春期的 (typical of time between childhood and adulthood)

记  联想记忆：ado(看作adult成人) + lescent(开始或正在形成的) →开始成为成年人的→青少年

例  The children of authoritative parents are likely to be responsibly independent as adolescents.

派  adolescence(n.青春；青春期)

adoption [əˈdɑːpʃn]

n.采用，采纳(accepting)；收养(taking sb. into one's family, esp. as one's child or heir)

记  来自adopt(v.采用；收养)

例  adoption of new technologies采用新技术// There are far fewer children available for adoption than there are people who want to adopt.

派  adoptive(a.采纳的；过继的)

advent [ˈædvent]

n.到来，出现(coming into being or use)

记  词根记忆：ad + vent(来) →到来

例  The advent of private hospital health insurance guaranteed the private hospital a regular source of income.

同根词：intervention(n.干涉); convention(n.大会；习俗)

adverse [ˈædvɜːrs]

a.逆的(acting against or in a contrary direction)；不利的(unfavorable, harmful)

记  词根记忆：ad + vers(转) + e →对着转→逆的，不利的

例  The adverse effects of poor performance by the firm are significant for the client.

派  adversely(ad.反过来，相反); adversary(n.敌手，对手)

advertising [ˈædvərtaɪzɪŋ]

n.广告；广告业(the business of preparing advertisements for publication or broadcast)

记  来自advertise(v.做广告)

例  A key decision required of advertising managers is whether a "hard-sell" or "soft-sell" strategy is appropriate for a specific target market.

同根词：advertisement(n.广告；宣传)

advocacy [ˈædvəkəsi]

n.拥护，支持(the act or process of advocating)

记  来自advocate(v.提倡；拥护)

例  Traditional news sources seldom report the views of political advocacy groups accurately.

advocate [ˈædvəkeɪt] v.提倡，支持(to support) [ˈædvəkət] n.支持者，提倡者(adherent)

记  词根记忆：ad + voc(叫喊，声音) + ate →为其摇旗呐喊→支持

例  The school board advocated purchasing new books.

派  advocacy(n.拥护；鼓吹)

aerodynamic [ˌeroʊdaɪ ˈnæmɪk]

a.空气动力学的(of a science dealing with the forces acting on solid bodies moving through air)

记  词根记忆：aero(空气) + dynamic(动力学的) →空气动力学的

affiliation [əˌfɪli ˈeɪʃn]

n.联系，联合(link or connection made by affiliating)

记  来自affiliate(v.使附属；使发生关系)

例  The information that Wulf herself provided on religious affiliation and gender of students is in fact accurate.

affirmative [əˈfɜːrmətɪv]

a.肯定的(asserting that the fact is so)；n.肯定语(a word or statement of agreement)

记  来自affirm(v.断言，肯定)

例  Affirmative action is good business. // More than half the customers who answered in the affirmative spent over $100 at the store.

afflict [əˈflɪkt]

v.使痛苦，折磨(to trouble, to injure)

记  词根记忆：af(不断) + flict(打击) →一再受到打击→折磨

例  A disease broke out and severely afflicted the campers.

派  affliction(n.痛苦，烦恼)

同根词：conflict(n.冲突); infliction(n.施加的痛苦)

affluent [ˈæfluənt]

a.富裕的(rich)

记  联想记忆：af(不断) + flu(流) + ent →多得不停往外流→富裕的

例  The Joneses are affluent and give money to their community.

同根词：confluence(n.汇流); superfluous(a.多余的)

affordable [əˈfɔːrdəbl]

a.负担得起的，便宜的(being able to buy sth.)

记  来自afford(v.买得起)

例  In countries in which new life-sustaining drugs cannot be patented, such drugs are sold at widely affordable prices.

aftermath [ˈæftərmæθ]

n.结果，后果(consequence)

例  In the aftermath of the flood, people rebuilt their homes.

aggravate [ˈægrəveɪt]

v.加重，恶化(to make worse; intensify)

记  词根记忆：ag + grav(重) + ate →使重→加重，恶化

例  Doctors generally agree that such factors as cigarette smoking, eating rich foods high in fats, and alcohol consumption not only do damage by themselves but also aggravate genetic predispositions toward certain diseases.

派  aggravation(n.加剧，恶化)

同根词：grave(a.重大的；庄重的)

aggregate [ˈægrɪgət]

v.合计(to collect or gather into a mass or whole)；n.集合体(a body of units somewhat loosely associated with one another)；a.合计的，聚合的(collective)

记  词根记忆：ag + greg(团体) + ate →成为团体→集合体

例  aggregate of consumers消费者的集合体// A company may be able to estimate accurately the aggregate number of shoes it is going to sell.

派  aggregation(n.聚集；总计)

同根词：gregarious(a.喜社交的)

aggression [əˈgreʃn]

n.侵略，侵犯(invasion)；敌对行为(hostile, injurious, or destructive behavior)

记  联想记忆：ag + gress(走) + ion →走到别的国家→侵略

例  Rhesus monkeys(猕猴)respond with aggression to a wider range of stimuli than any other monkeys do.

派  aggressive(a.攻击性的，侵略的); aggressiveness(n.好斗)

aggressive [əˈgresɪv]

a.好斗的(militant; assertive)；进取的(full of enterprise and initiative)

记  词根记忆：ag(加强) + gress(行走) + ive →到处乱走的→好斗的

例  They tend to become aggressive when provoked.

派  aggressively(ad.侵略地)

同根词：aggressor(n.侵略者)

agrarian [əˈgreriən]

a.土地的；农业的(relating to agricultural or rural matters)

记  词根记忆：agr(田) + arian →土地的

例  agrarian revolution农业革命

ailment [ˈeɪlmənt]

n. (不严重的)疾病(a bodily disorder or chronic disease)

记  词根记忆：ail(小病) + ment → (不严重的)疾病

例  An ailment of the nervous system can be serious.

airliner [ˈerlaɪnər]

n.班机；大型客机(an airplane operated by an airline)

记  来自airline(n.航线)

例  A layer of primer on an airliner weighs more than a layer of the new coating by an amount large enough to make a difference to that airliner's load-bearing capacity.

ale [eɪl]

n.淡色啤酒

记  联想记忆：加上p就变成了pale，可以记作“喝了淡色啤酒(ale)就脸色苍白(pale)”

例  ale house啤酒屋

alga [ˈælgə]

n. (pl. algae)水藻，海藻(very simple plants found chiefly in water)

例  Algae grow on rocks in the lake.

alien [ˈeɪliən]

n.外国人(foreigner)；a.外国的(foreign)；相异的(strange)

记  发音记忆：“爱恋” →跨国恋很流行→外国恋人→外国人

例  If employers hired illegal aliens, they would be penalized.

alignment [əˈlaɪnmənt]

n.队列(arrangement in a straight line)；结盟(political support given to one country or group by another)

记  来自align(v.使结盟)

例  The alignment of an automobile manufacturer with its dealers is to adopt a plan to improve automobile design.