第二周
Tuesday
音频
appeal /əˈpiːl/ 听读写译
熟义 v. 呼吁,恳求;上诉;吸引‖n. 呼吁;申诉;吸引力 生义 v. 启发‖n. 启发
搭配 appeal to sb. for sth. 呼吁,恳求‖appeal against sth. 上诉,申诉
示例 ① That explanation appeals to common sense and has dominated efforts to get to the root of the obesity epidemic and reverse it. 这种解释符合常识,并主导着人们寻找肥胖症根源、转变肥胖状态的各种努力。(2008. 12) ② The leaders appealed to the crowd not to panic. 领导者呼吁人群不要惊慌。
派生 appealing (a. 恳求的;令人心动的)
同义 plead, beg
语料 Anyone who conducts an argument by appealing to authority is not using his intelligence; he is just using his memory. 一个借着引经据典来辩论的人,不是在运用自己的才智,他是在运用自己的记忆力。(达•芬奇)
punch /pʌntʃ/ 听读写译
熟义 vt. 用拳猛击;打孔;按键,压 生义 n. 吸引力
助记 pun(=prick,刺)+ch→刺穿某物→打孔
搭配 punch sb./sth. on/in sth. 拳打;以拳痛击
示例 ① According to a police report, he punched and kicked his girlfriend, left her with a bruised and bloody nose. 根据警察局的报告,他拳打脚踢女友,致使女友鼻子淤青流血。(The New York Times)② He punched him on the nose. 他一拳打中了他的鼻子。
同义 beat, press
legitimate /lɪˈdʒɪtɪmət/ 听读写译
释义 a. 正当合理的;合法的‖vt. (同legitimize)使合法
示例 ① "In the end we had six referees. Some had legitimate points, but one was really irrational and emotional," Fehr says. 菲尔说:“最终,我们有六个裁判,一些人有合理的想法,但是有一人非常不理智,太感情用事。”(New Scientist) ② It seems a legitimate expectation. 看起来这是合理期待。
派生 legitimacy (n. 合理;合法)‖legitimately (ad. 正当地,合理地)‖illegitimate (a. 不合法的)
同义 legal, lawful
反义 illegitimate, unlawful
survive /səˈvaɪv/ 听读写译
释义 v. 幸存;继续存在;比…活的时间长
助记 sur(=over,超过)+vive(=live,活着) →活的时间超过他人→比…活的时间长
搭配 survive from sth. 从…幸存下来‖survive on sth. 靠…存活
示例 ① Our society could not survive without scientific and technological knowledge. 没有科技知识,我们的社会就不能继续存在。(2010. 12) ② She survived her husband by 20 years. 她丈夫死后她又活了20年。
派生 survivor (n. 幸存者)‖survival (n. 存活;残存物)
同义 outlive
语料 If democracy is to survive, it is the task of men of thoughts, as well as men of action, to put aside pride and prejudice. 若要民主长存,需要人民的思想和行动,摒弃傲慢与偏见。(美国前总统罗斯福)
enforce /ɪnˈfɔːs/ 听读写译
释义 vt. 实施,执行;强迫,迫使;强制执行
助记 en(表加强)+force(力量)→诉诸武力→强迫
搭配 enforce sth. on/against sb. 强迫某人做…
示例 ① They are virtually impossible to enforce. 它们实际上不可能实施。(2012. 12) ② It's the duty of the police to enforce the law. 警察的职责就是执法。
派生 enforceable (a. 可实施的)‖enforcement (n. 执行)
同义 compel, force
语料 Law can never be enforced unless fear supports it. 如果没有恐惧的支撑,法律绝不可能生效。(古希腊悲剧作家索福克勒斯)
destiny /ˈdestəni/ 听读写译
释义 n. 命运,天数
示例 ① Even those who disagreed with her never doubted the strength of her convictions and her unwavering belief in Britain's destiny in the world. 即使那些与她持不同观点的人都不曾质疑她的信仰和她对英国未来在世界上的命运的坚定信念。(The Guardian) ② We have to control our own destiny. 我们必须掌握自己的命运。
同义 fate
语料 Destiny: A tyrant's authority for crime, and a fool's excuse for failure. 命运:暴君施虐的权力,傻瓜失败的借口。(美国作家比尔斯)
respond /rɪˈspɒnd/ 听读写译
熟义 v. 回答,做出反应;响应 生义 v. 有改进,有起色
搭配 respond to... 对…做出回答,反应
示例 ① LeDoux studies the way animals and humans respond to threats to understand how we form memories of significant events in our lives. 为了理解我们如何形成对生命中重要事情的记忆,勒杜研究了动物和人类对威胁做出的反应方式。(2006. 12) ② He never responds to my letter. 他从没给我回过信。
派生 respondent (a. 回答的,应答的 n. 【法】被告;应答者)
同义 answer, reply
concern /kənˈsɜːn/ 听读写译
熟义 v. 涉及,关于;使担忧‖n. 担忧;关心 生义 n. 重要的事;责任
搭配 be concerned with... 与…有关‖concern about 担心,忧虑‖as far as sth. is concerned 就…而言
示例 ① But if it is enacted, Google will in effect be off the hook as far as copyright violations in the US are concerned. 但是(这一和解)如果执行,就美国的版权侵权问题来说,谷歌实际上是不会有麻烦的。(2011. 12) ② Stress is a matter of concern to staff. 工作压力是员工关心的一件事情。
派生 concerned (a. 担心的;关切的)‖concerning (prep. 关于)
同义 involve; worry
offending /əˈfendɪŋ/ 听读写译
释义 a. 烦人的,令人不安的;有罪的,违法的
助记 由offend(v. 冒犯)派生而来
示例 ① Young people have even become more polite: according to the Offending, Crime and Justice Survey, people born between 1992 and 1996 are less frequently rude and noisy in public places than were previous cohorts at the same age. 根据违规、犯罪和司法调查,与从前同样年龄的人相比,1992年至1996年出生的人在公共场所行为粗鲁、吵吵嚷嚷的情况更少——年轻人甚至变得更礼貌了。(The Economist)② The offending passage was deleted. 那篇令人不悦的文章已经被删除了。
反义 unoffending
dazzle /ˈdæzl/ 听读写译
熟义 vt. 使眼花‖n. 耀眼炫目 生义 vt. 使倾倒,神魂颠倒
示例 ① Mr. DiCaprio, in particular, is a touching and amusing Gatsby, dazzling everyone with his golden-boy charm, but always keeping his jaw clenched and his narrow eyes flicking around him as if he's afraid of being found out. 迪卡普里奥先生饰演的那个感人而有趣的盖茨比更是如此,他用他那金童般的魅力使每位观众为之倾倒,他总是紧闭着嘴,眯着眼睛瞄着四周,如同担心被发现一样。(The Economist) ② She was dazzled by the strong sunlight. 强烈的阳光使她睁不开眼。
派生 dazzling (a. 耀眼的)
同义 glare
patch /pætʃ/ 听读写译
熟义 n. 补丁;斑点‖v. 修补 生义 n. 贴片;一段(艰难)岁月;小块土地
搭配 be not a patch on sb./sth. 远不如;远比…逊色
示例 ① The primary school is a patch of bare earth protected by a tarpaulin strung between trees. 这里的小学只是一块用防水布系在树之间围成的裸露土地。(The Economist) ② He went through a difficult patch. 他经历了一段艰难的岁月。
派生 patchy (a. 零散的,散落的)
differ /ˈdɪfə(r)/ 听读写译
释义 v. 不同,有区别;意见不同
搭配 differ from 不同于‖differ with sb. about sth. 对某事与某人持不同看法
示例 ① Copyright laws differ from country to country, but in general protection extends for the duration of an author's life and for a substantial period afterwards, thus allowing the author's heirs to benefit. 虽然国与国之间的版权法不同,但一般来说作品保护期是作者的有生之年及其去世后相当长的一段时间,从而使作者的继承人也能从中受益。(2011. 12)② I have to differ with you on this issue. 在这个问题上我不同意你的看法。
派生 difference (n. 差异,不同)‖different (a. 不同的)
反义 agree
语料 Tastes differ. 众口难调。
doctrine /ˈdɒktrɪn/ 听读写译
释义 n. 教义,教条;主义;正式声明
助记 doc(=teach,教导)+trine→被教导的事→教义,教条
搭配 Christian doctrine 基督教教义
示例 ① If Americans could only free themselves from their antigovernment doctrine, they would begin to see that America's problems are not insoluble. 如果美国人能够将自己从反政府的信条中解放出来,他们就会发现美国的问题并非不能解决。(2012. 6)② Many westerners believe in Christian doctrine. 许多西方人相信基督教教义。
派生 doctrinal (a. 教义的;学说的)
同义 dogma
lane /leɪn/ 听读写译
熟义 n. 小巷,胡同;乡间小路 生义 n. 车道;跑道
示例 ① Technology can be hugely useful in the fast lane of modern living, but we need to stop it from taking over. 科学技术在现代生活的快速跑道上是极其有用的,但我们要阻止生活被科学技术控制。(New Scientist)② She pulled over into the slow lane. 她把车开进了慢车道。
同义 alley
access /ˈækses/ 听读写译
熟义 n. 通道‖v. 接近,临近;到达,进入 生义 n. 机会,权利
助记 ac(=near,近)+cess(=go,去)→接近;到达
搭配 have access to... 有机会进入…;有机会做…
示例 ① Migrants to cities are attracted by plentiful jobs, access to hospitals and education, and the ability to escape the boredom of a farmer's agricultural life. 人们移居城市是受到城市中大量的工作岗位以及能够获得医疗和教育资源的吸引,此外,城市还使他们能够逃离当农民的枯燥农业生活。(2013. 6) ② Students have access to good resources. 学生有机会使用好的资源。
派生 accessible (a. 可到达的,可接近的)
oblige /əˈblaɪdʒ/ 听读写译
释义 v. 强迫,迫使;帮忙;感谢不尽
助记 ob(=to,去)+lig(=tie,捆绑)+e→绑在一起→强迫,迫使
搭配 be obliged to sb. for sth. 因某事感激某人‖be obliged to do sth. 被迫做某事
示例 ① It is really kind of you to give me so much help; I really feel obliged to you. 你真好,给了我那么多帮助,我非常感激你。(2011. 6) ② I'd be obliged if you would help me. 如果你能帮我,我将感激不尽。
派生 obliged (a. 感激的,感谢的)‖obliging (a. 乐于助人的;热情的)
同义 force
语料 People who cannot find time for recreation are obliged sooner or later to find time for illness. 没有时间娱乐的人,迟早得有时间生病。(美国百货商店之父沃纳梅克)
prejudice /ˈpredʒudɪs/ 听读写译
熟义 n. 偏见‖vt. 怀有偏见 生义 v. 损害
助记 pre(=before,之前)+jud(=judge,判断)+ice →之前的判断→偏见
搭配 racial prejudice 种族偏见
示例 ① If they are right we will have removed two of the main causes of war—our dependence on oil and religious prejudice. 如果这些人是正确的,那战争的两大主因——我们对石油的依赖和宗教偏见,将得以消除。(2008. 6) ② Pride and Prejudice is a famous novel by Jane Austin. 《傲慢与偏见》是简•奥斯汀的一本著名小说。
派生 prejudiced (a. 有偏见的,偏心的)
同义 bias
语料 Prejudice is the child of ignorance. 偏见来自愚昧。(英国散文家赫兹里特)
output /ˈaʊtpʊt/ 听读写译
释义 n. 输出;产出量‖v. 输出
助记 out(出来)+put(放)→输出
示例 ① Today, factory output generates just 12% of G.D.P. and employs barely 9% of the nation's workers. 如今,工厂产值仅占国内生产总值的12%,从业人数也只占全国劳动力的9%。(2013. 6)② Manufacturing output has increased by 10%. 工业产量增长了10%。
反义 input
spacecraft /ˈspeɪskrɑːft/ 听读写译
释义 n. 宇宙飞船
助记 space(太空)+craft(航天器)→宇宙飞船
示例 ① Each spacecraft requires millions of pounds of fuel to take off into space, which makes them expensive to launch. 每艘宇宙飞船去一趟太空要消耗几百万磅燃油,这使其发射成本居高不下。(2006. 12) ② All the newspapers reported the event of the spacecraft. 所有的报纸都报道了此次宇宙飞船的事件。
dramatic /drəˈmætɪk/ 听读写译
熟义 a. 令人吃惊的;戏剧性的 生义 a. 激动人心的
搭配 a dramatic increase 剧增
示例 ① Many now believe that something else must have changed in our environment to precipitate such dramatic rises in obesity over the past 40 years or so. 现在,许多研究者相信,一定是环境中的其他什么因素发生了变化,促使患肥胖症的人数在过去40多年的时间里大大增加。(2008. 12) ② The decision had a dramatic effect on house price. 这项决定对房屋价格产生了巨大影响。
派生 dramatically(ad. 巨大地;突飞猛进地)
suburb /ˈsʌbɜːb/ 听读写译
释义 n. 郊区,城外
助记 sub(附属的)+urb(=city,城市)→附属于城市→郊区
搭配 a suburb of London 伦敦郊区
示例 ① If you live in a suburb or a city with good parks, take advantage of what's there. 如果你住在郊区,或是住在有很好的公园的城市,要利用好那里的一切。(2010. 6)② Suburb is more peaceful than the central city. 郊区比中心城市更平静。
派生 suburban (a. 郊区的,城外的)
responsible /rɪˈspɒnsəbl/ 听读写译
释义 a. 有责任的;可靠的
助记 由response(n. 回答;响应)派生而来
搭配 responsible for 负责
示例 ① The After School Alliance finds that more than 14 million kids aged 5 to 17 are responsible for taking care of themselves after school. 课外学习联盟发现,有1,400万5至17岁的孩子在放学后自己照顾自己。(2009. 6) ② The leaders of the country should be responsible to the people. 国家领导人应该向人民负责。
派生 responsibility (n. 责任)
同义 accountable, liable
语料 Gravitation is not responsible for people falling in love. 并非地球引力使人坠入爱河。(爱因斯坦)
threshold /ˈθreʃhəʊld/ 听读写译
熟义 n. 门槛;开端,入门 生义 n. 界限
搭配 on the threshold of 在…开始之际
示例 ① They included a promised subsidy for child-care costs, a credit guarantee scheme for house-buyers and a move to raise the income-tax threshold to 10,000 ($15,100). 这些好处包括承诺发放的儿童保育费用津贴,为买房者提供的信用保障计划以及将所得税缴纳门槛提高至1万英镑(15,100美元)的举措。(The Economist)② She is on the threshold of a new life. 她要开始新生活了。
ponder /ˈpɒndə(r)/ 听读写译
释义 v. 考虑,琢磨
搭配 ponder on/about/over 思考,考虑
示例 ① It allows him to ponder the idea that "some things we cannot put into words are yet resoundingly real". 这让他仔细思考这个看法,“某些无法用语言表达的事情却是非常真实的事情。”(New Scientist)② He ponders on this question for a moment. 他考虑了一下这个问题。
派生 ponderous (a. 沉闷乏味的)
同义 consider
glory /ˈɡlɔːri/ 听读写译
熟义 n. 荣誉,光荣;辉煌,灿烂 生义 n. 赞颂;骄傲
搭配 crowning glory 无上荣耀
示例 ① It is bound to regain its full glory of a hundred years ago. 它一定会重获100年前的所有荣耀。(2009. 12) ② He came home a rich man, covered in glory. 他发迹还乡,荣归故里。
派生 glorious (a. 光荣的,荣耀的)
同义 honor
marginal /ˈmɑːdʒɪnl/ 听读写译
熟义 a. 边缘的;小的,微不足道的 生义 a. 贫瘠的
示例 ① Indeed, the fourth generation is marginally worse off than the third. 事实上,(墨西哥移民的)第四代跟第三代相比稍微有点儿逊色。(2008. 12) ② The story will only be of marginal interest to us. 我们对这则报道不会很感兴趣。
派生 marginally (ad. 微不足道地)‖marginalise (vt. 排斥;忽视;使处于社会边缘)
exclusive /ɪkˈskluːsɪv/ 听读写译
熟义 a. 专用的,独有的 生义 a. 高档的,豪华的
助记 由exclude(vt. 排除,排斥)派生而来
搭配 be exclusive of 除…外
示例 ① Patents provide exclusive use of inventions. 专利规定了发明的唯一使用权。 (2008. 12) ② The two options are mutually exclusive. 这两者只能选其一。
派生 exclusion (n. 排除在外)‖exclusively (ad. 排他地;专门地)
反义 inclusive
flourish /ˈflʌrɪʃ/ 听读写译
熟义 v. 繁茂,茂盛;繁荣,昌盛;健康幸福 生义 n. 华丽辞藻,修饰
助记 flour(联想到flower,花朵)+ish(=like,像…一样)→像花朵一样生长→繁茂
示例 ① Despite arguments and disagreements, the movement has continued to flourish and has members in more than 80 countries. 尽管引起了争论和分歧,但这场运动仍旧蓬勃发展,并在80多个国家拥有成员。(2010. 6)② Few businesses are flourishing at present. 目前很少有企业兴旺发达。
同义 thrive
语料 No society can surely be flourishing and happy, of which the far greater part of the members are poor and miserable. 如果一个社会中的大部分人既贫穷又悲惨,这个社会就谈不上繁荣幸福。(英国经济学家亚当•斯密)
process /ˈprəʊses/ 听读写译
释义 n. 过程,流程;工序‖v. 加工,处理
搭配 in the process of 在…过程中
示例 ① But what we have not yet learned is how to make the process of Americanisation work for all. 但是我们仍然不知道如何使美国化的过程适合所有的人。(2008. 12)② Coming off the drug is a painful process for him. 对他来说戒毒是个痛苦的过程。
派生 procession (n. 队列)‖processor (n. 处理器)
同义 procedure
trap /træp/ 听读写译
熟义 n. 陷阱,圈套‖v. 中计;绊住 生义 n. 困境
搭配 to fall into the trap of doing sth. 掉进陷阱;陷入误区
示例 ① Meanwhile, Europe has fallen prey to a different ideological trap: the belief that European governments would always have infinite resources and could continue borrowing as if there were no tomorrow. 同时,欧洲落入了另外一种意识形态的陷阱——他们深信欧洲政府总是拥有无限的资源,能够一直持续借债,仿佛没有明天一样。(2012. 6)② Chinese parents often fall into the trap of trying to do everything for their children. 中国父母经常陷入试图为子女操办一切的误区。
派生 trapper (n. 捕杀动物者)
同义 pitfall
flock /flɒk/ 听读写译
释义 n. 一大群‖v. 群集,聚集
搭配 a flock of/in flocks 一大群
示例 ① Followed by his wife and judges in a skiff, people flocked to the riverside to cheer him on. 人们坐着快艇跟随他妻子和几名裁判员蜂拥来到河边为他加油。(New Scientist) ② Many birds had flocked together by the lake. 成群的鸟聚集在湖边。
语料 Birds of a feather flock together. 物以类聚,人以群分。
prompt /prɒmpt/ 听读写译
熟义 v. 促使,鼓励‖a. 及时的,迅速的 生义 ad. 准时地‖n. 提词;提示符
助记 pro(=before,在…之前)+mpt(=take,拿,取)→抢在其他人之前去拿→迅速的
搭配 take prompt action 立即采取行动
示例 ① The figures prompted Oceana to petition the government to upgrade the level of protection for the North Atlantic loggerheads from "threatened" to "endangered"—meaning they are in danger of disappearing without additional help. 这些数据促使世界海洋保护组织向政府递交了请愿书,要求将北大西洋红海龟的保护级别从“受威胁”物种提升为“濒危”物种,这意味着它们如果没有得到额外的帮助就有从地球上消失的危险。(2009. 6) ② Prompt action is needed if you want to solve this problem quickly. 如果你想尽快解决这个问题,你需要即刻行动。
派生 promptly (ad. 迅速地)‖prompter (n. 提词人)
同义 rapid
语料 Deliberate in counsel, prompt in action. 考虑要仔细,行动要迅速。
alert /əˈlɜːt/ 听读写译
释义 a. 警惕的,戒备的;意识到‖n. 警惕‖vt. 警告;使意识到
搭配 be alert to sth. 意识到,注意到
示例 ① He was unable to alert his students to corporate malpractice. 他没能提醒他的学生注意公司中的玩忽职守现象。(2006. 12) ② We must be alert to the danger. 我们必须认识到危险。
派生 alertness (n. 警惕)
同义 warn
suspend /səˈspend/ 听读写译
释义 v. 悬挂;推迟;暂缓
助记 sus(=under,下面)+pend(=hang,悬挂)→悬挂在下面→悬挂
搭配 be suspended from one's duties/school 暂时停职/停学
示例 ① HBO requires its studio partners to suspend digital sales of movies during its exclusive window. HBO电视网要求其工作室的合作伙伴暂停在其专属窗口销售在线电影。(The New York Times) ② He was suspended from school for a month. 他被勒令停学一个月。
派生 suspension (n. 延缓,推迟)
同义 delay
interference /ˌɪntəˈfɪərəns/ 听读写译
释义 n. 干涉,干预;干扰
助记 由interfere(v. 干涉;妨碍)派生而来
搭配 interference in 干涉,介入
示例 ① Of course, like every other environmental issue today, this is playing out against the background of global warming and human interference with natural ecosystems. 当然,正如当今其他所有环境问题一样,这也是在全球变暖和人类对自然生态系统进行干预的大背景下进行的。(2009. 6)② We resent foreign interference in the internal affairs of our country. 我们憎恶外国干涉我们国家的内政。
同义 intervention
suppress /səˈpres/ 听读写译
熟义 vt. 镇压,压制;抑制,忍住 生义 vt. 禁止,查封
助记 sup(=under,向下)+press(压)→向下压→镇压,压制
示例 ① First, suppressed emotions can contribute to stress-related disorders. 首先,压抑情感可能导致与压力有关的疾病。(2010. 12)② The rebellion was suppressed. 起义遭到了镇压。
派生 suppression (n. 镇压,压制)
同义 restrain
intensity /ɪnˈtensəti/ 听读写译
释义 n. 强烈;紧张;强度
示例 ① The number is based on intensity of the signal, its duration and information content. 这个数字是根据信号的强度、持续时间长短和信息内容得到的。(New Scientist)② The storm resumed with greater intensity. 风暴更猛烈地再度肆虐。
同义 tension
intellectual /ˌɪntəˈlektʃuəl/ 听读写译
释义 a. 智力的,脑力的;有才智的
助记 由intellect(n. 智力)派生而来
搭配 intellectual development 智力发展
示例 ① No one knows the precise use Google will make of the intellectual property it has gained by scanning the world's library books. 没有人知道谷歌通过扫描世界各地图书馆藏书获得这些知识产权的真正用意何在。(2011. 12) ② The kid is very intellectual. 这个孩子很聪明。
派生 intellectually (ad. 智力上;理智地)‖intellectualise (vt. 推理)
同义 intelligent
caution /ˈkɔːʃn/ 听读写译
释义 n. 谨慎,小心;告诫,警告‖vt. 告诫,提醒
搭配 throw/cast caution to the winds 不顾危险
示例 ① Glass cautions that most studies don't necessarily prove a causal link between greenness and health, but they're nonetheless helping spur action. 格拉斯提醒大家,虽然大多数研究未必能证明绿地与健康之间存在因果关系,但它们仍有助于促使人们采取行动。(2010. 6) ② He threw caution to the winds and dived into the river to save the child. 他不顾危险跳河救那个小孩。
派生 cautious (a. 谨慎的)‖cautionary (a. 劝告的;告诫的)
同义 prudence
语料 Caution is the parent of safety. 小心驶得万年船。
deny /dɪˈnaɪ/ 听读写译
熟义 vt. 否认,否定;拒绝 生义 vt. 克制,节制
搭配 There's no denying that... 无可否认
示例 ① There is no denying that ambient temperatures have changed in the past few decades. 无可否认,环境温度在过去的几十年里已经发生了变化。(2008. 12) ② The department denies the responsibility. 这个部门拒绝承担责任。
派生 denial (n. 否认)‖undeniable (a. 不可否认的)
同义 repudiate, refuse
语料 Those who deny freedom to others hardly deserve it for themselves. 凡是不给别人自由的人,自己也无法得到自由。(英国古典主义诗人亚历山大•蒲柏)