第72章 ENGLAND UNDER RICHARD THE SECOND(2)

Now,Wat Tyler himself wanted more than this.He wanted the entire abolition of the forest laws.He was not at Mile-end with the rest,but,while that meeting was being held,broke into the Tower of London and slew the archbishop and the treasurer,for whose heads the people had cried out loudly the day before.He and his men even thrust their swords into the bed of the Princess of Wales while the Princess was in it,to make certain that none of their enemies were concealed there.

So,Wat and his men still continued armed,and rode about the city.

Next morning,the King with a small train of some sixty gentlemen-among whom was WALWORTH the Mayor-rode into Smithfield,and saw Wat and his people at a little distance.Says Wat to his men,'There is the King.I will go speak with him,and tell him what we want.'

Straightway Wat rode up to him,and began to talk.'King,'says Wat,'dost thou see all my men there?'

'Ah,'says the King.'Why?'

'Because,'says Wat,'they are all at my command,and have sworn to do whatever I bid them.'

Some declared afterwards that as Wat said this,he laid his hand on the King's bridle.Others declared that he was seen to play with his own dagger.I think,myself,that he just spoke to the King like a rough,angry man as he was,and did nothing more.At any rate he was expecting no attack,and preparing for no resistance,when Walworth the Mayor did the not very valiant deed of drawing a short sword and stabbing him in the throat.He dropped from his horse,and one of the King's people speedily finished him.So fell Wat Tyler.Fawners and flatterers made a mighty triumph of it,and set up a cry which will occasionally find an echo to this day.But Wat was a hard-working man,who had suffered much,and had been foully outraged;and it is probable that he was a man of a much higher nature and a much braver spirit than any of the parasites who exulted then,or have exulted since,over his defeat.

Seeing Wat down,his men immediately bent their bows to avenge his fall.If the young King had not had presence of mind at that dangerous moment,both he and the Mayor to boot,might have followed Tyler pretty fast.But the King riding up to the crowd,cried out that Tyler was a traitor,and that he would be their leader.They were so taken by surprise,that they set up a great shouting,and followed the boy until he was met at Islington by a large body of soldiers.

The end of this rising was the then usual end.As soon as the King found himself safe,he unsaid all he had said,and undid all he had done;some fifteen hundred of the rioters were tried (mostly in Essex)with great rigour,and executed with great cruelty.Many of them were hanged on gibbets,and left there as a terror to the country people;and,because their miserable friends took some of the bodies down to bury,the King ordered the rest to be chained up-which was the beginning of the barbarous custom of hanging in chains.The King's falsehood in this business makes such a pitiful figure,that I think Wat Tyler appears in history as beyond comparison the truer and more respectable man of the two.

Richard was now sixteen years of age,and married Anne of Bohemia,an excellent princess,who was called 'the good Queen Anne.'She deserved a better husband;for the King had been fawned and flattered into a treacherous,wasteful,dissolute,bad young man.

There were two Popes at this time (as if one were not enough!),and their quarrels involved Europe in a great deal of trouble.

Scotland was still troublesome too;and at home there was much jealousy and distrust,and plotting and counter-plotting,because the King feared the ambition of his relations,and particularly of his uncle,the Duke of Lancaster,and the duke had his party against the King,and the King had his party against the duke.Nor were these home troubles lessened when the duke went to Castile to urge his claim to the crown of that kingdom;for then the Duke of Gloucester,another of Richard's uncles,opposed him,and influenced the Parliament to demand the dismissal of the King's favourite ministers.The King said in reply,that he would not for such men dismiss the meanest servant in his kitchen.But,it had begun to signify little what a King said when a Parliament was determined;so Richard was at last obliged to give way,and to agree to another Government of the kingdom,under a commission of fourteen nobles,for a year.His uncle of Gloucester was at the head of this commission,and,in fact,appointed everybody composing it.

Having done all this,the King declared as soon as he saw an opportunity that he had never meant to do it,and that it was all illegal;and he got the judges secretly to sign a declaration to that effect.The secret oozed out directly,and was carried to the Duke of Gloucester.The Duke of Gloucester,at the head of forty thousand men,met the King on his entering into London to enforce his authority;the King was helpless against him;his favourites and ministers were impeached and were mercilessly executed.Among them were two men whom the people regarded with very different feelings;one,Robert Tresilian,Chief Justice,who was hated for having made what was called 'the bloody circuit'to try the rioters;the other,Sir Simon Burley,an honourable knight,who had been the dear friend of the Black Prince,and the governor and guardian of the King.For this gentleman's life the good Queen even begged of Gloucester on her knees;but Gloucester (with or without reason)feared and hated him,and replied,that if she valued her husband's crown,she had better beg no more.All this was done under what was called by some the wonderful-and by others,with better reason,the merciless-Parliament.