第24章 ENGLAND UNDER WILLIAM THE SECOND,CALLED RUFUS(1)

WILLIAM THE RED,in breathless haste,secured the three great forts of Dover,Pevensey,and Hastings,and made with hot speed for Winchester,where the Royal treasure was kept.The treasurer delivering him the keys,he found that it amounted to sixty thousand pounds in silver,besides gold and jewels.Possessed of this wealth,he soon persuaded the Archbishop of Canterbury to crown him,and became William the Second,King of England.

Rufus was no sooner on the throne,than he ordered into prison again the unhappy state captives whom his father had set free,and directed a goldsmith to ornament his father's tomb profusely with gold and silver.It would have been more dutiful in him to have attended the sick Conqueror when he was dying;but England itself,like this Red King,who once governed it,has sometimes made expensive tombs for dead men whom it treated shabbily when they were alive.

The King's brother,Robert of Normandy,seeming quite content to be only Duke of that country;and the King's other brother,Fine-Scholar,being quiet enough with his five thousand pounds in a chest;the King flattered himself,we may suppose,with the hope of an easy reign.But easy reigns were difficult to have in those days.The turbulent Bishop ODO (who had blessed the Norman army at the Battle of Hastings,and who,I dare say,took all the credit of the victory to himself)soon began,in concert with some powerful Norman nobles,to trouble the Red King.

The truth seems to be that this bishop and his friends,who had lands in England and lands in Normandy,wished to hold both under one Sovereign;and greatly preferred a thoughtless good-natured person,such as Robert was,to Rufus;who,though far from being an amiable man in any respect,was keen,and not to be imposed upon.

They declared in Robert's favour,and retired to their castles (those castles were very troublesome to kings)in a sullen humour.

The Red King,seeing the Normans thus falling from him,revenged himself upon them by appealing to the English;to whom he made a variety of promises,which he never meant to perform-in particular,promises to soften the cruelty of the Forest Laws;and who,in return,so aided him with their valour,that ODO was besieged in the Castle of Rochester,and forced to abandon it,and to depart from England for ever:whereupon the other rebellious Norman nobles were soon reduced and scattered.

Then,the Red King went over to Normandy,where the people suffered greatly under the loose rule of Duke Robert.The King's object was to seize upon the Duke's dominions.This,the Duke,of course,prepared to resist;and miserable war between the two brothers seemed inevitable,when the powerful nobles on both sides,who had seen so much of war,interfered to prevent it.A treaty was made.

Each of the two brothers agreed to give up something of his claims,and that the longer-liver of the two should inherit all the dominions of the other.When they had come to this loving understanding,they embraced and joined their forces against Fine-Scholar;who had bought some territory of Robert with a part of his five thousand pounds,and was considered a dangerous individual in consequence.

St.Michael's Mount,in Normandy (there is another St.Michael's Mount,in Cornwall,wonderfully like it),was then,as it is now,a strong place perched upon the top of a high rock,around which,when the tide is in,the sea flows,leaving no road to the mainland.In this place,Fine-Scholar shut himself up with his soldiers,and here he was closely besieged by his two brothers.At one time,when he was reduced to great distress for want of water,the generous Robert not only permitted his men to get water,but sent Fine-Scholar wine from his own table;and,on being remonstrated with by the Red King,said 'What!shall we let our own brother die of thirst?Where shall we get another,when he is gone?'At another time,the Red King riding alone on the shore of the bay,looking up at the Castle,was taken by two of Fine-Scholar's men,one of whom was about to kill him,when he cried out,'Hold,knave!I am the King of England!'The story says that the soldier raised him from the ground respectfully and humbly,and that the King took him into his service.The story may or may not be true;but at any rate it is true that Fine-Scholar could not hold out against his united brothers,and that he abandoned Mount St.Michael,and wandered about-as poor and forlorn as other scholars have been sometimes known to be.

The Scotch became unquiet in the Red King's time,and were twice defeated-the second time,with the loss of their King,Malcolm,and his son.The Welsh became unquiet too.Against them,Rufus was less successful;for they fought among their native mountains,and did great execution on the King's troops.Robert of Normandy became unquiet too;and,complaining that his brother the King did not faithfully perform his part of their agreement,took up arms,and obtained assistance from the King of France,whom Rufus,in the end,bought off with vast sums of money.England became unquiet too.Lord Mowbray,the powerful Earl of Northumberland,headed a great conspiracy to depose the King,and to place upon the throne,STEPHEN,the Conqueror's near relative.The plot was discovered;