黄山简介

黄山，位于中国东南部安徽省境内。秦代称黟山，唐朝始称黄山。方圆154平方公里的景区内，七十二峰天下闻名。

黄山自然风景天工造化。光明顶、莲花峰、天都峰三大主峰雄踞山体中央，冠盖群峰，众峰环顾，主次大小相得益彰，构成了黄山的雄伟之势。黄山奇峰众多，但布局严谨、错落有致、妙趣天成，吸引着历代骚人墨客，赞誉尤佳。清代评论家潘耒称之曰：“如前堂后苑，位置井井；又如握奇布阵，奇正相生。”绝无沓然并存、杂乱无章之憾。

黄山风景区，按其特点分为东海、西海、南海、北海、天海，统称五海，各具特色，景色迷人。

前山（南海）以天都峰为主体，玉屏峰、朱砂峰相互呼应，山峰峭拔，威武壮观，是黄山最为雄伟之处。它的山石结构由粗粒花岗岩组成，久经冲刷、侵蚀、崩裂等外力作用，历练出这巍峨奇特的山峰、幽深如削的山谷。登高俯瞰，可谓大刀阔斧，正如中国山水画技法中的大斧劈、小斧劈、披麻皴所表现的“雨后青山铁铸成”。奇伟雄险，气势恢宏，天工雕琢，造就了黄山南部的空旷雄浑、龙盘虎踞之势。

后山（北海）以始信峰、石笋峰、仙女峰、上升峰和石笋豇相呼应，奇峰林立，布局舒展，奇险怪异。北海的山峰之秀、巧石之奇，可谓黄山优美绝伦之处。有名的梦笔生花、仙人漂海、十八罗汉朝南海、猴子观海等名石均在此处，美在神形兼备、姿态优雅。当彩云飞渡，朝阳东升，则光影淋漓、霞光辉灿、岚气紫润，更显得仪态万千。

西海以石床峰、九龙峰、松林峰和双剪峰等为群体，群峰错落有序，更有飞来石屹立高峰，成为点神之笔。西海视野开阔，云漫峡谷时，犹如天水相连一望无际，奔腾壮观。西海大峡谷，壑深谷幽，神秘莫测，美若梦幻，不愧为“梦幻景区”。兼有劲松依石而生。由于山高常年气温较低，风力又大，且岩石叠壁，腐殖土层薄，所以黄山松的根系盘攀发达，而枝干却伸屈粗壮，苍劲多姿，神韵典雅。“无松不石，无石不松”，黄山松造就了黄山景观的又一特殊魅力。

“黄山自古云汇海”。黄山云海变幻无常，有时云雾缭绕，山峰忽隐忽现；有时云浪滚滚，好似急流直泻的江河，又像推波助澜的大海；有时风平浪静云漫谷壑，一片汪洋无际；有时云遮雾掩，山峰转眼间变成了茫茫大海中的小岛；有时又成倾注山谷的瀑布，宣泄直下。总之，黄山的云海，时时不同，千变万化，虚幻、空灵，化得神奇，变得美妙。即使登黄山二十次、三十次，所感受到的云雾变化景色，次次都不相同，每次总有新的发现、新的体会、新的认识。

黄山雾凇亦是因雾而生，它是黄山又一奇观。每当云雾升腾，空气湿度含量较大，气温骤然下降至零度以下时，云气便凝结成闪亮的白色松散冰晶，堆嵌在山石、青松和杂树上，俏似梨花初放，千朵万朵压枝低，又像冰峰玉砌、冰雕玉刻，满山洁白耀眼的珊瑚。云雾中的雾凇，塑造了冬日黄山的又一景观。

黄山有着深厚的文化底蕴，曾孕育了中国画著名的“新安画派”，创始者或代表人物有渐江、石涛、梅瞿山及黄宾虹等。徽州的笔、墨、泾县宣纸、歙县石砚，堪称文房四宝之佳品，历代文人墨客多有收藏。

黄山又是世界名山，被联合国教科文组织列为世界地质公园，自然与文化遗产保护单位。

A Brief Introduction To Huang Shan

Huang Shan (the Yellow Mountain), famous for her seventy-two peaks, covers an area of l54 kilometers in Anhui Province of southeastern China. She used to be named of Yi Shan in Qin Dynasty and later in Tang Dynasty it had been changed into the name of Huang Shan (the Yellow Mountain).

The scenes of Huang Shan are the creations of nature. Her three main peaks of the Tiandu, the Lotus and the Glory possess the center position high above with other smaller ones around them as contributions in the whole magnificent view of Huang Shan. Those lots of peaks, each has its unique charm and also compose all exhibit of the nature beauty which attracted so many men of letters and artists from the ancient time and won high reputation. The critic in Qing dynasty PAN once regarded it as “Like the main hall with the yard in a perfect design, and also the troops arrayed by the most cunning general”.

Huang Shan, in accordance with its natural features, is divided into five scenic areas-the Western Sea, the Eastern Sea, the Southern Sea, the northern Sea and the Heavenly Sea, generally known as the “Five Seas”.

The center of the front mountains (The Southern Sea) is the Tiandu with the Yuping and the Zhusha by its sides. There you can feel the very best magnificence of Huang Shan. the grained granite mountain through so many years of washout, abrasion and collapse has become the harmonious blend of all the summits and the valleys. If you climb on the high places and look down, one can feel nature painted her picture bold and resolute. as if she knew the traditional Chinese painting techniques like the ripping, the gentle ripping, the detail work and finally painted Huang Shan with delicate fullness in the astonishing picture.

The Northern Sea in the back has a good number of pretty spots-the Shi xin, the Stone Bamboo Shoots, the Angel and the Rising which are famous for their rocks. The crocks, according to the Vaious shapes, have been entitled as dream in the promised land, the fairy in the sea, the eighteen arhats to the southern sea, the monkey which watching the rocks and so on. Amazingly they all look so real. It’s even more beautiful at sunrise when the clouds turn colorful.

When the Western Sea draws the tourists with the Shichuang, the Nine dragons, the Pines, the Double Shears and also the Fly Stone, the deep valleys with rich clouds like an ocean, and the steep cliffs with mysterious atmosphere make the mountain the “Dream Land”. The pines on the rocks, as a result of the cold weather and thin soil, has developed huge lingering rootstalk, which is special view of Huang Shan. Like the old saying-there are never pines without rocks or rocks without pines.

Many poets write about the ocean of the clouds in Huang Shan, about their fantastic richness of changes-sometimes the sky clouds over with mountainside exposed a little, sometimes the clouds can flow, like the surging rivers, sometimes they remain still gracefully stretching to the horizon, sometime you can even see them moving like waterfall inside. The secret of Huang Shan’s unique beauty lies in her clouds. They always kept moving and even though you visit Huang Shan for twenty times you can still find a difierent view, a whole new one.

Another marvelous spectacle of Huang Shan is the Fog Pine. When there are full of clouds, the air is wet but the temperature gets low below 0℃, the damp coagulate into incompact little white ice blossom on the small branched of the pines and the surfaces of the rocks, like tiny flowers and the curved coral.

Huang Shan also owns a deep cultural background. She has nursed the Xin’an School of the traditional Chinese painting with Jian Jiang, Shi Tao, Mei Qushan and Huang Binhong as its leading figures. The writing-brushed and ink made in Huizhou, the xuan-paper of Jing County and the stone ink stands of Xi County are regarded as the four treasures sought after and collected by men of 1etters and artists.

Huang Shan is now becoming a world-known touristy spot. It has been singled out by UNESCO as the world geological park and one of the world’s natural and cultural legacies to be preserved and protected.