第一节 语言基本功

（一）段落的衔接

Connective words or phrases can be used point out the thought relationship between sentences.Here is a list of some commonly used connectives：

表示列举或次序：first,firstly,first of all,above all,to begin with,in the first place,for one thing;second,secondly,in the second place,for another,finally,last but not least

表示递进：besides,plus,moreover,furthermore,in addition,additionally,more important, most important

表示举例：for example,for instance,as an example,as an illustration,to illustrate,such as （介）…

表示对比：similarly, likewise, in the same way, equally important, on the contrary, conversely,in contrast,by contrast,on the other hand,otherwise,whereas（连）

表示让步：though/although（连），even though（连），in spite of（介），despite（介）， it is true that（连），admittedly

表示转折：but,yet,however,nevertheless,instead

表示原因：because（连），as（连），since（连），for（连），because of（介），owing to（介），due to（介），on account of（介），as a result of（介）

表示结果：so（连）, thus, consequently, hence, therefore, accordingly, as a result, as a consequence,on that account

表示强调：in fact,actually,indeed,certainly,chiefly,especially,particularly

表示总结：in conclusion, in short, in brief, in summary, on the whole, to sum up, to conclude

（二）常用短语

万能理由（Omnipotence）：

1.方便：convenient/convenience

2.效率：efficient/efficiently/efficiency

3.节省和浪费：save time/money/space,thrift;waste time/money/space;costly,lavish

4.人的心理健康：independent,cooperative,competitive,considerate,confident,creative, sociable,perseverance,selfish,isolated,conservative

5.人的身体健康：health,disease,strong,strength,energetic

6.娱乐：colorful,pleasure,joy,recreation,entertainment,relax,tired,boring,lonely

7.环境：environment,pollute,poisonous,dirty

8.安全和危险：safe,danger,risk

9.经验：experience,social experience,enter the society

10.人际：humane,fair,unfair,help,assist,freedom,freely

基本表达（Basic Elements of English Writing）：

越来越：be increasingly+adj.,be on the rise,the growing number of

人们认为：it is generally/widely believed/held/agreed that

许多问题：a host of/a number of problems

引起人们注意：claim call/attract general/public/world attention to sth.

意识到：there is a growing awareness/realization of/that,awaken sb.to the fact/danger

适应新的形势/变化：adapt/adjust/accommodate oneself to new environment/change

接触各种思想/经历：be exposed to new ideas/experiences/problems

接触社会：come into frequent/close contact with the world/society

获得成功：achieve/accomplish success

提出观点/建议：advance/put forward/come up with the arguments/ideas/suggestions

作出努力：make tremendous/persistent/sustained effort to do sth., take great pains to do （with work/study）

影响学习/工作：interfere with studies/work

产生影响：have/exert a profound influence on life/personality,have a dramatic/undesirable effect on

较好地驾驭生活：be a better pilot of one's life

剥夺机会/权力：deprive oneself of the chance/right/opportunity

取代旧的方式：substitute for/take the place of the old way

采取措施：take effective steps/measures to

保护我们的环境：take/gain increasing control over our own environment

躲避危险/挑战：shy/run away from the dangers/challenge

满足要求：meet/satisfy/accommodate the demand of

补偿损失：compensate for/make up for the loss/damage

解释某现象：account for/explain the phenomenon

对……很好的了解：have a better understanding/appreciation of,have a new perspective on, provide/gain an insight into

把某因素考虑进去：take sth.Into account(consideration),give much thought to

品位人生/自由/青春：savor the life/freedom/youth

建立对……的自信：develop/foster one's interest/confidence in

经历变化/困难/艰险：undergo/experience great changes/hardships/experience

表现自信：project one's confidence/feeling/image

生活充满不公正：life is full of minor irritation/injustice

追求学习/职业：pursue one's academic interest/professional career

学习知识/技术：pursue/acquire knowledge/technology/skill

被视为……的榜样：be held up as a good example

交流经验/知识：share experience/ideas/problems/knowledge

发挥/起到重要作用：play an(important/active/great)role/part

逃学/缺课：skip school/a class/a meeting/a lecture

知识/经验丰富：rich in knowledge/experience

确立/追求目标：set/pursue a goal/higher standard

到达目标：achieve/accomplish/stain the goal/aim/objective

克服困难：overcome obstacles/difficulty

面临危险/困难：be confronted/faced with/in the face of danger/difficulty

阻碍了成功：stand in the way of success,be an obstacle/barrier to success/growth

阻碍了发展：hamper/impede/stunt the development of

持传统的看法：hold conventional wisdom

发表看法：voice/express one's opinion

持相反/合理的观点：take the opposite/fresh view

揭穿某种一贯的说法：shatter the myth of

求得帮助：enlist one's support/help

缩小差别：bridge/narrow/fill the gap/gulf(between city and country)

把成功/错误归咎于：attribute/own the success/failure to

对……重要：be indispensable/important/vital to

施加压力：put/exert a academic pressure on

重视：assign/attach much importance/significance to

强调：place/put much emphasis/stress/value on

把注意力集中在：focus/concentrate one's attention/efforts/thoughts upon

提供机会/信息：provide/offer/furnish an opportunity/information for sb.

抓住机会：grab/seize/take the opportunity

得到机会：enjoy/gain access to a opportunity/information

有可能：there is(little/much)possibility/likelihood that,chances/the odds are that

展开竞争：compete against/with sb.for the prize/position/control/the mastery of

开展运动：conduct(carryon/undertake/initiate/launch/wage)a(vigorous/nation-wide/publicity/advertising)campaign(for/against)

对我很有/没有什么意义：make much/little sense to me

带来无穷的幸福/满足：be a source of happiness satisfaction/contentment/pride/complaint

献身于：devote/dedicate/commit oneself to a cause/career

大不（没什么）两样：make much(little/no)difference

真正重要的是：what really matters/accounts is…

改变生活旅程：change/alter the course of life

建立在大量的学习/实践上：built on tremendous amount of study/practice

进行调查/执行任务：conduct/carry out an study/task/experiment

辞去工作/学习：leave/quit one's job/work/school

参加考试/竞赛等：enter(for)the examination/contest,race

参加活动/讨论：take part/participate/be engaged in sports/activities/discussion

影响思想/态度/事件的形成：shape one's thinking/attitude

进入大学/社会/家庭/劳动力市场/职业：enter a school/college/society/the work force/profe-ssionals

实现自己的理想/愿望：realize/fulfill/achieve one's dream(hope/wish/desire)

减轻压力/紧张：reduce/alleviate/relieve the stress/pressure/tension

提高社会地位：enhance/improve/upgrade social status/position/standing rise to the position of leadership

提高技术/能力：sharpen(increase/improve/enhance/boost)one's skill/ability

加快/促进发展：accelerate/facilitate/advance/enhance/boost the development of...

随着生活节奏的加快：with the quickening pace/rhythm/tempo of modern life/society

开阔眼界/兴趣：broaden one's interest/outlook, expand (broaden/enlarge) one's mental horizons

有助于了解/发展/宣传/解决：contribute much/little/greatly/to a better understanding of/the popularity of/the growth of/the solution of...

有助于解决问题：go a long way to(towards)solving the problem

迷恋名利/分数：be obsessed/preoccupied with grades/fame/fortune

把时间花/浪费在：spend/waste time doing sth.,put in hours doing sth.

利用机会/技术：make (full/better) use of/take advantage of opportunity/time, tap/harness technology potential/skills/talent

把知识/经验运用到……：apply/put the theory/knowledge/experience ... to practice/daily life/good use

取得进步：make much progress/strides/gains in...

充分发挥潜力/能力：develop one's ability/potential to the full,give full play to one's ability

充满激情/渴望：have a burning desire/a great passion for...

（三）六级写作满分表达句

1.不可否认，动物在维持地球生态系统的微妙平衡中起到了重要作用。

It is an undeniable fact that animals play a vital role in maintaining the subtle balance of the earth's ecological system.

2.当前，大学学生毕业找工作有越来越难的势头。

These days there is a growing tendency for college students to have difficulties in finding job when they graduate.

3.学校中普遍做法是，（至少在中国学校这样）学生接受老师的现有的地位，接受老师教的东西并按照老师说的去做。

The normal practice at school(or at least in most Chinese schools)is that the students take the teachers as they are,accept what are taught and do what they are told to do.

4.尽管双方的论点都有道理，我个人同意前一种看法。

Although both sides of the argument have their strong points, I personally agree with the former view.

5.在我看来，人们生活的物质环境与他们有多快乐关系不大。

In my opinion, there is little correlation between the circumstances of people's lives and how happy they are.

6.对于支持做实验的人们来说，从某些物种中获得第一手知识和资料，足以为继续在实验室做实验提供理由。

For the people who lend their support to such experiments, the gaining of first-hand knowledge and information about certain species provides adequate justification fit continuing the killing of animals in laboratories.

7.一位伟大的作家曾写道：工作是医治人间一切病痛和疾苦的万应良药。如果是这样的话，那么现在的状况应使我们想一想，强迫普通工人在50岁退休是否合理。

One of the great early writers wrote that：Work is the grand cure of all the maladies and miseries that ever beset mankind.If this is true,then the present situation should make us wonder whether the measure that the average worker is obliged to retire at the age of 50 is reasonable.

8.越来越多的人通过互联网进入了“信息时代”。针对这一现象，一些人认为互联网消除了障碍，为人们提供了与世界即时链接的途径。但是，他们有没有意识到迅速发展的信息技术也能导致侵犯隐私？

An increasing number of people are joining the“Information Age”via the Internet. In reaction to the phenomenon, some say the Internet has removed barriers and provided people with immediate access to the world. But do they realize that rapidly advancing information technology can also lead to intrusions of privacy?

9.我们国家（中国）如今面临的紧迫问题之一是克服城乡收入水平之间的差距。

One of the pressing problems facing our nation(China)today is overcoming disparities in urban and rural income levels.

10.也许当今困扰国家的最危险的现象是遍布各级政府的官员腐败。

Perhaps the most dangerous phenomenon gripping the nation today is official corruption, which is pervasive in all levels of government.

11.通货膨胀又是一个我们必须学会面对的痛苦的新情况。

Inflation is yet another new and bitter truth we must learn to face.

12.城区的迅速扩大在多数情况下牺牲了宝贵的可耕地，使人们普遍认识到发展不能以牺牲农业为代价。政府更加重视这个问题，越来越多的冗余工程被终止。

The rapid expansion of urban areas has in many cases encroached on valuable cultivatable land, and led to a general recognition that development must not be carried at the cost of agriculture. The government has attached greater importance to the problem and an increasing number of redundant projects are being terminated.

13.世界上越来越多的人认识到加强环境保护的必要性。

There is a growing worldwide awareness of the need for strengthened environmental protection.

14.越来越多的人开始意识到财富不是幸福的唯一先决条件。

A growing number of people are beginning to realize that wealth is not the sole prerequisite for happiness.

15.现在越来越多的人提出此种疑问：既然世界上许多国家仍被饥饿和贫困所困扰，为什么有的政府还坚持花费数十亿美元用于太空探索？

Why do some governments persist in spending billions of dollars on space exploration when starvation and poverty continue to grip many countries throughout the world? This particular question is being raised by an ever increasing number of people.

16.越来越多的人开始意识到教育不能随着毕业而结束。

An increasing number of people are beginning to realize that education is not complete with graduation.

17.说到教育，大部分人认为其是一个终生的学习过程。

When it comes to education,the majority of people believe that education is a lifetime study.

18.许多专家指出体育锻炼有助于身体健康。

Many experts point out that physical exercise contributes directly to a person's physical fitness.

19.应该采取适当的措施限制外国旅游者的数量，努力保护当地环境和历史不受国际旅游业的影响。

Proper measures must be taken to limit the number of foreign tourists and the great efforts should be made to protect local environment and history from the harmful effects of international tourism.

20.毋庸置疑，空气污染是一个极其严重的问题，城市当局应该采取有力措施来解决它。

There is no denying the fact that air pollution is an extremely serious problem：the city authorities should take strong measures to deal with it.

21.考虑到问题的严重性，在事态进一步恶化之前，必须采取有效的措施。

In view of the seriousness of this problem,effective measures should be taken before things get worse.

22.在过去的几十年，先进的医疗技术已经使得人们寿命变长成为可能。

In the last decades,advances in medical technology have made it possible for people to live longer than in the past.

23.我们应该不遗余力地美化我们的环境。

We should spare no effort to beautify our environment.

24.人们相信拥有计算机技术可以获得更多工作或提升的机会。

People believe that computer skills will enhance their job opportunities or promotion opportunities.

25.我同意后者，有如下理由：

For my part,I agree with the latter opinion for the following reasons：

26.在给出我的观点之前，我想看看双方的观点是重要的。

Before giving my opinion,I think it is important to look at the arguments on both sides.

27.这一观点正受到越来越多人的质疑。

This view is now being questioned by more and more people.

28.环境学家指出：持续增加的污染不仅会导致像全球变暖这样严重的问题，而且还将威胁到人类在这个星球的生存。

Environmental experts point out that increasing pollution not only causes serious problems such as global warming but also could threaten to end human life on our planet.

29.考虑到这些严重的状况，我们比以往任何时候更需要像自行车这样的环保型交通工具。

In view of such serious situation,environmental tools of transportation like bicycle are more important than any time before.

30.尽管自行车有许多明显的优点，但是它也存在自身的问题。

Despite many obvious advantages of bicycle,it is not without its problem.

31.通过以上讨论，我们可以得出结论：自行车的优点远大于缺点，并且在现代社会它仍将发挥重要作用。

From what has been discussed above,we may safely draw the conclusion that advantages of bicycle far outweigh its disadvantages and it will still play essential roles in modern society.

32.这个问题已经引起了广泛关注。

This issue has caused wide public concern.

33.必须指出学习只能靠自己。

It must be noted that learning must be done by a person himself.

34.就我而言，我同意教育不应该随着毕业而结束的观点，有以下原因：

As for me,I'm in favor of the opinion that education is not complete with graduation,for the following reasons：

35.对于大学或高中生打工这一现象，当今校园普遍有所争议。

There is a general debate on the campus today over the phenomenon of college or high school students’doing a part-time job.

36.近几十年，尽管人们的生活有了惊人的改变，但必须承认，由于学费和书费日益飞涨，资金短缺仍然是学生们面临的最大问题之一。

Although people's lives have been dramatically changed over the last decades, it must be admitted that,shortage of funds is still the one of the biggest questions that students nowadays have to face because that tuition fees and prices of books are soaring by the day.

37.通过上面的讨论，我们不难得出结论：业余工作对学生们会产生深远的影响，我们应鼓励学生从事业余工作，这对学生自身和他们的家庭，甚至整个社会都有积极影响。

From what has been discussed above,we may safely draw a conclusion that part-time job can produce a far-reaching impact on students and they should be encouraged to take part-time job,which will benefit students and their family,even the society as a whole.

38.人们普遍认为计算机和其他机器已经成为我们社会必不可少的一部分。它们减少了我们的工作量，使我们的生活更舒适。

It is widely acknowledged that computer and other machines have become an indispensable part of our society,which make our life and work more comfortable and less laborious.

39.通过以上讨论，我认为，随着现代社会的进步，轻松自在的生活方式正在消失，这并不完全是一件坏事。

From what has been discussed above, I am fully convinced that the leisure life-style is undergoing a decline with the progress of modern society,it is not necessary a bad thing.

40.近些年，国际旅游的问题引起了广泛关注。

The problem of international tourism has caused wide public concern over the recent years.